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European Journal of Agronomy
Gauthier-Villars
European Journal of Agronomy

Gauthier-Villars

1161-0301

European Journal of Agronomy/Journal European Journal of AgronomyISTPSCI
正式出版
收录年代

    Assessment of the impact of conventional and organic agroecosystems management options and conservation tillage on soil fertility at the Montepaldi Long Term Experiment, Tuscany

    Pantani O.-L.Ferretti L.Massenzio S.Pacini G.C....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Fertility is a characteristic of an agroecosystem which is usually and promptly identified with the crop yield. Nevertheless, it can be considered the result of many processes and factors such as climatic, edaphic and agronomic which cannot be extended and generalized to all systems and crops. This study evaluates the effects on soil fertility as influenced by organic (OR) and high-input (conventional, CO) management combined with three tillage systems, i.e., plowing (plw), chisel plowing (chp) and disk harrowing (dsh) at the Montepaldi Long Term Experiment (MoLTE), Tuscany, Italy. Fertility was evaluated through the following indicators: i) chemical (Olsen P, Kjeldahl N and, OM); ii) physical (bulk density on clods and cores, pore size distribution, penetrometry, aggregate stability, soil profile assessment, VESS, i.e. visual evaluation of soil structure); iii) biological (earthworm abundance and root distribution). As regards the effect of management, CO was higher in crop yields, available P2O5, bulk densities (clods), aggregate stability and soil penetration resistance, while OR was higher in bulk densities (cores). Nevertheless, the effect of management was observed for root distribution as a function of depth, where roots explored larger portions of soil in OR profiles. Regarding tillage, the order plw, chp, dsh was characterized by an increase in soil penetration resistance and number of earthworms. Moreover, a relationship with time was found for earthworm abundance, where the OR system exhibited a higher and constant population. Organic management seems to achieve a long-lasting soil fertility. In the MoLTE experiment results suggest that available P2O5, bulk density (clods), aggregate stability, soil penetration resistance, time-related earthworm abundance, root distribution and yields are the most informative on the impact of management and tillage options. Furthermore, results of physical and biological fertility indicators support the hypothesis that significant differences between OR and CO management, even if not observed in topsoil, might be detected in deeper soil layers, below 30cm.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Challenges and opportunities of hard endosperm food grade maize sourced from South America to Europe

    Borras L.Caballero-Rothar N.N.Saenz E.Segui M....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Food grade maize dedicated to dry milling is an ingredient used in everyday foods, such as breakfast cereals, snacks, baked goods, and beer. Argentina has developed a supply chain producing high quality food grade hard endosperm maize for national and international dry milling markets. In modern times, European countries uniquely source their imported hard endosperm food grade maize from Argentina. Here we describe some of the challenges and opportunities this centralized supply chain is facing. There is a 10–30% yield gap between regular dent and hard endosperm commercial hybrids, depending on the specific genotype and environment, and we anticipate it will continue increasing. Grain quality vs. yield trade-off is the most important challenge, and to cope with this issue the supply chain is slowly adapting to use food grade hybrids with higher physical field yields but slightly lower grain hardness than traditional ones. However, there is a clear opportunity to genetically manipulate grain hardness thanks to the known role of the specific proteins involved. Another opportunity is crop management optimization at the field level. Minimum advice is given to farmers other than genotype selection, leaving them with limited decision support regarding fertilizer or plant population, two management practices with significant grain quality effects. Opportunities also arise from market development based on the nutritional characteristics of this specialty grain (such as 122% higher β-branch carotenoids, 4% lower glycemic index of cooked flours because of lower starch digestibility, and 37% higher grain Zn than softer dent germplasm), or sustainability aspects of the supply chain. We highlight the capacity to track farmers through the current use of identity preserved (IP) programs detailing where, who, and how the grain was produced or impose any needed farming practice change. All these aspects are relevant for other food chains using maize dry milling products around the globe.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Yield and yield components of facultative wheat are affected by sowing time, nitrogen fertilization and environment

    Piepho H.-P.Barta N.Gronauer A.Euteneuer P....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsProduction of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is affected by changing weather conditions, which are difficult to predict especially under climate change. Therefore, facultative varieties can be beneficial, because of their high adaptability in sowing time. Information on yield and yield components of facultative wheat in temperate climate, however, is limited. Therefore, a two-factorial experiment with the factors sowing time (autumn versus spring) and nitrogen fertilization (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g m?2) was conducted on a chernozem soil under Pannonian conditions in Eastern Austria in two seasons to assess the effects of sowing time, nitrogen fertilization and environment on yield and yield components of one facultative wheat variety. The experimental data were analyzed using principal component analysis and quantitative mixed model analysis. Grain yield of autumn-sown wheat was higher at 0 g N m?2 and featured a higher increase with additional nitrogen fertilization compared to spring-sowing. At high nitrogen fertilization rates above 15 g m?2, grain yield showed no response to further nitrogen fertilization. Based on ear density, grains per ear, thousand kernel weight and harvest index, the other yield and yield component parameters investigated in this study can be calculated. Ear density showed an increase with additional nitrogen fertilization, which was higher for autumn-sowing than spring-sowing. Differences in environmental conditions resulted in higher variation of grains per ear and thousand kernel weight for spring-sowing compared to autumn-sowing. Ear density, grains per ear, thousand kernel weight and harvest index featured dependencies among each other and were affected by environmental conditions during relevant developmental stages, e.g., tillering until anthesis for ear density and grains per ear as well as grain filling period after anthesis for thousand kernel weight and harvest index.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evaluation of pedoclimatic factors and cultural practices effects on carotenoid and sugar content in carrot root

    Ottoni M.M.N.Dubois-Laurent C.Huet S.Suel A....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Sugars and carotenoids are recognized as key quality compounds in vegetables due to their sensory and nutritional attributes. Ensuring a guaranteed content for these compounds in carrot crop is a major challenge for producers and breeders. Widely involved in plant acclimation mechanisms, the environment significantly influences their content. A multi-environment trial over two years was used in this study to identify the environmental determinism of carotenoid and sugar accumulation. After a fine characterization of cropping places in dissecting climatic variables, pedological conditions and cultural practices, PLSr models were used for predictive purposes to determine and prioritise pedoclimatic factors and cultural practices involvement. Interestingly, distinctive patterns are observed between sugars and carotenoids. Pedoclimatic factors and cultural practices effects are similar regardless studied carotenoid, with a differential effect in accumulation according to α-branch and β-branch carotenoids. For sugar metabolism, a reverse effect of leading factors is observed depending on sugars class. Our study brings to light the overall limiting effect of some climatic factors as time exposure to low temperature or atmospheric humidity. In contrast, pedological factors were shown to enhance sugar and carotenoid content in carrot, mainly phosphorus, potassium, iron and boron. This study provides useful information for carrot producers to adapt their cultural practice depending on crop place to reach a guaranteed quality in crops. Moreover, our work paves the way for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the major pedoclimatic factors and cultural practices effects on the accumulation of key compounds.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evaluating and defining agronomically relevant detection limits for spectral reflectance-based assessment of N uptake in wheat

    Heinemann P.Schmidhalter U.Haug S.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsSpectral detection of the N uptake of wheat is a widely used method, as it is non-destructive, rapid and cost-efficient. However, to date, agronomically supported spectral detection limits have not been sufficiently described. Concurrent statistical measures such as R2, RMSE, or MAE do not fully satisfactorily address the agronomical relevance, bearing in mind that sensing is frequently carried out in either very low or excessively high nitrogen fertilization applications, which may not be indicative of current farming practice. This study, therefore, evaluates regression models of spectral indices in capturing N uptake using hyperspectral ground-based and multispectral unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) based on data sets covering several years, sites, varieties, and developmental stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The results suggest that solely adopting commonly used statistical measures is not sufficient for an agronomic evaluation. Whereas the common statistical measure R2 is essentially influenced by differentiating N uptake, which primarily occurs at later stages of development, the use of further statistics such as RMSE and MAE averages the error and should be extended by self-set confidence intervals based on agronomical decisions. For these studies, we therefore defined an appropriate error interval of ± 15 kg N uptake ha?1 up to BBCH 50, with a probability of at least 80%. Interval limits may be narrowed for earlier developmental stages and wider for later ones. Extreme N levels in field trials can bias models and should be limited to N-fertilization ranges that are indicative of the current practice in a given region, so as not to overemphasize the extremes. Differentiation of biomass was revealed to be more crucial than that of N content in detecting N uptake. Essentially, both terrestrial- and UAV-based sensing were equally well suited, with combinations of the REDEDGE and NIR bands being particularly effective for detecting the N uptake of wheat. Agronomically based detection limits should be considered besides common statistical measures in the spectral assessment of wheat N uptake.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Recovery of nitrogen fertilizer can be doubled by urea-briquette deep placement in rice paddies

    Singh U.Myint A.K.Oo A.N.Ngwe K....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Nitrogen (N) recoveries in rice paddies have barely exceeded 60%, despite the implementation of several management strategies, amounting to significant N being lost to the environment. We conducted field experiments for three consecutive rice growing seasons at two locations in Myanmar to investigate the performance of urea-briquette deep placement (UDP) against variable rates of surface broadcast urea for improving N recovery and yields in rice paddies. The experiment consisted of a control (N0), 77.6 kg N ha?1 as UDP, and surface broadcast urea at 77.6 kg N ha?1 (N78), 100 kg N ha?1 (N100) and 160 kg N ha?1 (N160). Surface broadcast urea was applied in two equal splits at 10 days after transplanting (10 DAT) and at panicle initiation (PI) stage. Urea briquettes (2.7 g) were deep placed (75 mm) in the middle of four rice hills between alternate rows as a single dose at 10 DAT. Microplots receiving 15N labeled urea were installed in each treatment plot (except N100) to trace the fate of the applied N. Nitrogen input almost always produced higher grain yields (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Rice grain yield in the UDP treatment was similar or higher than in the N78, N100 and N160 treatments. Crop dry biomass yield in the UDP treatment was mostly higher (p < 0.05) than in the N78 and always similar to the N160 treatment. Higher crop (47–61%) and soil (24–40%) recovery of 15N was observed in the UDP treatment than in the N78 and N160 treatments, leading to total recoveries of 77–95%. The N78 treatment had crop recoveries of 30–37% and total recoveries of 41–60% and the N160 treatment had crop recoveries of 29–39% and total recoveries of 40–54%. The rice plants in the UDP treatment relied less on native soil N, indicating that the UDP practice can minimize soil N depletion. Our results show that UDP has substantial advantages over surface broadcasting in terms of N fertilizer recovery and may provide environmental benefits.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Coping with cereal production risks due to the vagaries of weather, labour shortages and input markets through management in southern Mali

    Traore B.Huet E.K.Giller K.E.Descheemaeker K....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsProduction of cereals (maize, sorghum, millet) in southern Mali is challenged by several hazards that affect yield and yield variability. The research aims to inform decision making towards effective risk management by quantifying cereal yield losses at field level due to production hazards under different management strategies. Five hazards relevant for farmers were analysed: late onset of rains, insufficient total rainfall, dry spells, low fertiliser quality and sudden lack of labour. The frequency and impact on yield of these hazards were assessed by combining a long term weather database (1965–2019) with outputs of the DSSAT crop model (baseline and optimised variety, fertiliser rates and sowing dates), and visualised in a risk matrix. The prevalence of the weather hazards was common, with all of them occurring at least once every five years. Frequency of non-weather hazards were perceived to occur once every five years (labour hazards) and once every ten years (fertiliser hazards). Under baseline conditions maize (3.39 t / ha) outperformed sorghum (1.74 t / ha) and millet (1.33 t / ha), except in cases of fertiliser hazard when sorghum yielded more than maize. Maize responded relatively well to N application, and sorghum performed relatively well without N application. The benefit of millet resided in low yield variability, and lower sensitivity to the weather hazards. Changing management to optimise yields generally involved early sowing (22 days, 2 days and 27 days after onset for maize, sorghum and millet), increased N applications (66 kg N / ha, 27 kg N / ha and 111 kg N / ha for maize, sorghum and millet), and using short duration varieties. For millet the long duration variety was more beneficial. For maize there was opportunity to increase the yield without affecting the risk of yield loss, while for sorghum there was a synergy and for millet a trade-off between yield and risk. The different interactions between hazards and management for the three cereals stress the importance of maintaining farm diversity, as well as operational farm flexibility to respond to production risks.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Monitoring the photosynthetic performance of grape leaves using a hyperspectral-based machine learning model

    Yang Z.Tian J.Feng K.Wang Z....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Photosynthesis is a direct expression of the crop growth status and an important indicator predicting yield and quality. Rapid and accurate monitoring of the dynamics of photosynthetic is key to field management. In this study, we obtained photosynthetic pigments and water status parameters at the leaf scale during different growth periods of grape. The potential maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) under dark adaptation and the light response curve (LRC) of the PSII electron transfer rate (ETR) under light adaptation were measured using a pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorometer, while leaf spectral information was recorded using a hyperspectral imager. The maximum ETR (ETRmax) and initial quantum efficiency (kα) were calculated using the LRC model. A Bayesian neural network (BNN) model (implemented in Tensorfolw2.8) was developed to predict Fv/Fm, ETRmax and kα by quantifying the spectral response indices of photosynthetic pigments and water status parameters. A comparison was made with the partial least squares (PLS) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI). The results show that BNN, PLS model and PRI have better predictive performance for Fv/Fm than ETRmax and kα. Compared with the PLS and PRI, the BNN model was able to significantly improve the prediction accuracy, where the validation results for Fv/Fm were R2 of 0.78, ETRmax of 0.57 and kα of 0.53. In addition, the importance of the BNN model input features varied with Fv/Fm, ETRmax and kα, with the vegetation index describing the photosynthetic pigments having the highest importance. The PRI had the worst predictive performance probably because the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments is strongly influenced by temporal changes. The model developed in this paper for monitoring photosynthetic performance parameters in grape leaves can simplify the complex photosynthetic reaction process, expand the application of PAM technology and provide a method for rapid and accurate monitoring of photosynthetic performance.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Nitrogen diagnosis for double-cropped maize

    Crespo C.Martinez R.D.Wyngaard N.Martinez Cuesta N....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Double cropping has been proposed as a strategy to promote ecological intensification. In temperate regions, maize (Zea mays L.) could be a viable option for double cropping. However, there is a lack of information regarding how maize adapts to the environmental and edaphic conditions that late sowing entails. Since nitrogen (N) is considered the most limiting yield factor for maize, the aim of this study was to assess double-cropped maize response to N fertilization in Mollisols from humid temperate regions. Eleven field experiments were conducted in the Southeastern Argentinean Pampas from 2018 to 2021. Five fixed N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha-1) were evaluated at each site. Relative chlorophyll meter reading (CMR) at silking, grain yield, N content in grains, and grain number and weight responded to N fertilization in most sites. In responsive sites, the evaluated parameters were affected up to a 60 kg N ha-1 rate. Relative CMR accurately predicted variations in maize grain yield (R2 = 0.58). Contrarily, soil parameters (initial mineral N availability, ammonium-N released during a short anaerobic incubation, soil organic matter) were not associated to maize grain yield nor to its components. However, the N availability was associated with relative grain yield through a quadratic model, where initial N availability + Fertilizer N explained 67% of relative grain yield variability. Our results indicate that, although double-cropped maize productive potential is lower than obtained at early sowing dates, it responds to N fertilization, and its evaluation through the CMR contributes to a correct diagnosis to maximize yields.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Multicriteria analysis applied to prospection of potential areas for center pivots installation in a tropical ecosystem

    Araujo E.F.Heitor F.D.Ribeiro W.R.dos Santos A.R....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Use of irrigation techniques is essential to ensure agricultural production and food security. Agricultural borders irrigated by center pivots have been expanding on a large scale. However, to make investments feasible and promote sustainable production, preliminary studies based on technical-environmental criteria are essential to support decision-making in areas where technology is intended to be installed. Thus, this study aimed to determine potential areas for center pivots installation in Espírito Santo state, Brazil, ensuring greater returns from production process, socioeconomic growth, sustainable use of natural resources and lower financial risks for investors. Chosen method was multicriteria analysis, using a weighted linear combination and fuzzy logic. The methodological steps of the study were: (a) database compilation; (b) Euclidean distance application for matrix and vector variables; (c) fuzzy logic application to Euclidean distance of matrix variables; (d) WLC method application to fuzzified matrix variables; (e) reclassification of potential areas; and (f) results statistical analysis. It is concluded that there are 1,272,238.05 ha technically suitable for center pivots installation. Currently, only 1 % of this area is explored (12,799.42 ha), resulting in 1,259,458.63 ha of potential areas for center pivots installation. Most areas considered suitable (62.6%) were classified as medium potential (790,764.67 ha), while 232,102.00 ha (18.24 %) were classified as low potential and 249,371.38 ha (19.16 %) as high potential. The municipalities with the greatest potential were: S?o Mateus (118,812 ha), Linhares (106,099 ha), Montanha (90,830 ha), Aracruz (75,580 ha), Pinheiros (75,291 ha) and Concei??o da Barra (71,597 ha). Similarity analysis pointed out the method accuracy, in which 97.31 % of real areas which already have installed center pivots are located in areas considered by the study as potential for center pivots installation. Considering several technical and environmental criteria, this study presents an innovative proposal for impartial identification of the most suitable areas for center pivots installation. Results contribute to application of public policies in irrigated agriculture planning and to a more sustainable agricultural production, in addition to bring greater security in investments made by private sector. Moreover, the method provides guidelines that allow its application in any other area of interest on the planet.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier