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Field Crops Research
Elsevier
Field Crops Research

Elsevier

0378-4290

Field Crops Research/Journal Field Crops ResearchSCIISTP
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    Assessing the impact of high-input management for reducing soybean yield gaps on high-productivity farms

    Di Mauro G.Gambin B.L.Rotundo J.L.Salvagiotti F....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022To increase soybean actual yields (Ya), modern farmers are interested in exploring novel intensification options. We hypothesize that the inclusion of a high-input treatment in high-productivity systems may potentially reduce yield gaps (Yg), representing additional profits for farmers. Our objectives were to: (i) estimate Ya, water-limited yield potential (Ywlim), and Yg; (ii) evaluate a high-input treatment as a management option for reducing Yg; (iii) identify management and environmental factors associated to yield response to inputs and, (iv) determine the economic outcome of this high-input management on high-productivity soybean crops. We carried out 27 on-farm field experiments comparing a conventional management system versus a novel high-input treatment across the Central Pampas of Argentina. The conventional treatment was the most common management prescribed by farmers in the region. The high-input treatment included a set of inputs that were not usually applied and involved soil fertilizers with S and Zn, seeds treated with insecticides, fungicides, and inoculants, stress-reducing product, Ca and B foliar fertilizers and preventive insecticide. The Ywlim was estimated using crop simulation models. Yield gaps were calculated as the difference between Ywlim and Ya. Average Ya and Ywlim were 4571 and 5100 kg ha?1, respectively, with a Yg lower than 30%. High-input treatments promoted a yield response of 131 kg ha?1 across sites (p < 0.001), reducing Yg by 2.6%. Yield response to high-input treatment was positively correlated with Yg and soil pH, but negatively correlated with soil P. No positive economic outcomes were obtained with the high-input treatment. This study showed low benefits of the high-input treatments for reducing Yg in high-yielding soybeans managed by high-productivity farmers. Future yield increases in this type of systems would rely on genetic improvement of soybean yield potential and exploiting genotype x management x environment interactions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Developing an operational framework to diagnose yield gaps in commercial sugarcane mills

    Gasparotto L.G.Rosa J.M.Marin F.R.Grassini P....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Yield-gap analysis provides farmers and crop consultants with key information to identify low-performance fields and tune agronomic practices to increase yield. The objective of this study was to develop an operational framework that allows quantification of yield gaps in individual sugarcane commercial fields (referred to as ‘blocks’) and identification of their causes. We provide proof of concept about application of our framework using a sugarcane mill in southern Brazil that manages ca. 8000 blocks per year as a case study. Water-limited yield potential (Yw) was estimated for each block using a crop model coupled with local weather, soil, and crop management data, and the yield gap was estimated as the difference between Yw and actual yield. To further illustrate application of the framework, causes for yield gaps for nine individual blocks were determined based on field measurements in combination with yield-loss models derived from the literature. Average yield gap was 34 Mg ha?1, which represented 33% of simulated Yw, indicating room for increasing sugarcane yields. Across the nine blocks where causes of yield gaps were assessed, nutrient limitations, insect damage, and sprouting failures accounted for 70% of the current yield gap. In contrast, weeds and diseases were less important. Causes for yield gaps can be categorized into those associated long-term management, such as inappropriate harvest practices leading to sprouting failures and soil compaction, and those related with short-term management such as nutrient application and control of insects, pests, and diseases. The study provides an operational framework that allows sugarcane mills to diagnose yield gaps across their blocks and identify opportunities to increase yield via better agronomic management.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Interaction of erect panicle genotype and nitrogen fertilizer application on the source-sink ratio and nitrogen use efficiency in rice

    Idowu O.Nakazaki T.Shiraiwa T.Wang Y....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.This study was conducted to determine whether the interaction between the erect panicle (EP) genotype and N-fertilizer application affects the source-sink ratio and N use efficiency (NUE) in yield formation processes. For two consecutive years, two EP rice genotypes with ‘Akitakomachi’ (AKI) and ‘Liaojing 5′ (LG5) genetic backgrounds were grown with their respective near-isogenic lines of non-erect panicle (NEP) genotype in Kyoto, Japan (2016 and 2017), under three nitrogen (N) application rates (0, 6, and 20 g m?2). The effect of the EP genotype was positive in the yield and harvest index but neutral in biomass at maturity. The effect of the EP genotype was also positive on sink size (spikelet number per meter-square multiplied by single grain weight) but negative for the available carbohydrate per spikelet (source-sink ratio) due to a reduction of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) at the heading stage. The biomass produced after the heading stage was not consistently affected by genotype, with its components, cumulative intercepted solar radiation (IR), and radiation use efficiency (RUE) compensating for each other's reduction or increase. The interaction between genotype and N application rate was hardly detected for these variables. The interaction between genotype and genetic background was detected for some items. In the AKI genetic background, the EP genotype had a more positive effect on yield, harvest index (HI), and sink size, and a negative effect on NSC at the heading stage compared to the effect in the LG5 genetic background. The NUE, in terms of the yield per applied N, was not affected by genotype, whereas the NUE components were. Although the EP genotype had no effect on the amount of N in plants per applied N (uptake efficiency), the biomass at maturity per N in plants (physiological efficiency) was lower in the EP genotype than the NEP genotype. No interaction between genotype and N application was detected for either N uptake efficiency or agronomic efficiency. These findings indicated that EP genotypes have a lower source-sink ratio, regardless of the N supply conditions and that the EP genotype does not affect NUE. The two genetic backgrounds differed in the genotype effect on the physiological efficiency of yield, presumably owing to differences in plant height.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Achieve simultaneous increase in straw resources efficiency and nitrogen efficiency under crop yield stabilization – A case study of NCP in China for up to 8 years

    Gao F.Li B.Ren B.Zhao B....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The experiment is to explore the efficient and comprehensive utilization of maize straw resources to achieve the sustainability of the soil fertility under double cropping of winter wheat and summer maize. Summer maize hybrid Denghai 605 (DH605) and winter wheat variety Tainong 18 (TN18) were used as experimental materials. Based on all winter wheat straw returned to the field, the treatment of all summer maize straw (SR) and half of summer maize straw (1/2SR) and summer maize straw not returned to the field (CK) 3 experimental treatments were tested for 8 consecutive years. Under the condition of normal nitrogen application of 210 kg ha?1, two split areas were set to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer by 15% and 30% (SR-15%、SR-30%、1/2SR-15%、1/2SR-30%、CK-15%、CK-30%) at the beginning of the 2016 wheat season. In the first two years of reduced nitrogen application, the yields of SR and 1/2SR treatments were significantly higher than that of CK under the same nitrogen application conditions, while the yields of SR, 1/2SR, SR-15%, and 1/2SR-15% were not significantly different. In the third year of the process of reducing nitrogen fertilizer, compared with SR, 1/2SR, and SR-15% treatments, the yield of 1/2SR-15% were significantly reduced by 9% under winter wheat season. During winter wheat and summer maize season, the nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen absorption efficiency of SR and 1/2SR were significantly increased compared with CK treatment under the same nitrogen rate, of which SR-15% treatment was not significantly different from SR and 1/2SR. The pre-anthesis nitrogen transfer rate and nitrogen harvest index of summer maize treated with SR, 1/2SR, SR-15% and 1/2SR-15% were also significantly increased, compared with CK and CK-15% treatments. The win-win situation of ecological and crop yield can be achieved by return half of the straw to the field or reducing the nitrogen fertilizer application by 15% under the condition of straw returned to the field.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Optimising maize sowing under irregular rainfall distribution in northern Thailand: A model approach for improved decision-making

    Khongdee N.Hilger T.Cadisch G.Pansak W....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Rainfed maize production in northern Thailand is strongly affected by high rainfall variability and recent apparent shifts of the onset of the rainy season. Hence, decision-making on maize sowing time has become extremely difficult for farmers. This study thus aimed at (i) evaluating the Water, Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry Systems (WaNuLCAS) model for predicting maize performance under rainfed conditions, (ii) assessing maize yield performance under five sowing date options, and (iii) identifying the best sowing option under irregular rainfall. A 2-yr-data set with various maize sowing dates from a field experiment in northern Thailand was used to calibrate and validate the model. WaNuLCAS was able to predict maize yield well (goodness-of-fit statistics: R2=0.83; modelling efficiency: ?0.61; root mean square error: 0.14 kg m?2; maximum error: 0.16 kg m?2; coefficient of residual mass: 0.02; coefficient of determination: 0.56). An analysis of rainfall data (1970–2018) of the Phitsanulok province, Thailand, showed strong interannual variations: 27.1% of the years corresponded with the long-term mean and were moderately dry or moderately wet, while the remaining years were either very wet (10.4%) or very dry (8.3%). The standardized precipitation index indicated both, an earlier rain onset and frequent dry spells towards the end of the rainy season in recent years. Therefore, sowing earlier can be seen as a valuable coping strategy. Simulated sowing date options were: farmers’ practice (FP), 15, 30, and 45 days before FP, and a combination of them (staggered planting). Simulations revealed that under current rainfall conditions water was the most limiting factor for growth and yield of maize, while nutrient limitations had little impact under the current fertilization regime. Maize water uptake was significantly correlated with yield (R2=0.45). The simulation results suggest that sowing maize 30 days before FP or staggered planting are potent alternatives under irregular rainfall, the later particularly when distinct weather forecasts are not possible. Both options reduced the risk of crop failure while maintaining yields under these conditions. Simulations further suggested, under climate scenarios (RCP 4.5) for northern Thailand and the 21st century even earlier sowing seems plausible.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Prediction of potato sprouting during storage

    Visse-Mansiaux M.Herrera J.M.Torche J.-M.Dupuis B....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Potato sprouting during storage occurs after a break in dormancy, leading to a decrease in quality and consequently economic losses. We used 3379 records from multi-year and multi-environment trials of 537 potato varieties to identify the main factors driving potato dormancy and to develop predictive models for an efficient sprouting forecast. The variety explained the majority of the dormancy variability (60.3%), followed by the year (13.9%) and the location (5.4%). About 250 predictors were considered to develop a predictive model of potato dormancy. The selected model had a validation precision of 14.59 days; it used the variety class and the sum of the daily maximum temperatures in the air during the period from planting to harvest as predictors. The predictions of the selected model were supported by results of the in vivo trial using dormancy measurements from potato varieties grown under different temperature regimes in greenhouse conditions. With the growing impact of climate change on crop production, predictive models as developed here can provide an efficient and cost-effective tool to optimize the control of potato sprouting during storage.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Narrowing crop yield gaps in Ethiopia under current and future climate: A model-based exploration of intensification options and their trade-offs with the water balance

    Getnet M.Descheemaeker K.van Ittersum M.K.Hengsdijk H....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsIn the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia (CRV), actual productivity of most cereals is less than 3 t ha?1 associated with low input use and poor crop management. After calibrating and validating the Agricultural Production System Simulator (APSIM) using experimental data, we explored and prioritized promising intensification options for rainfed maize and wheat that enable to narrow prevailing yield gaps in the CRV, and quantified trade-offs with the water balance and gross margins. We set up a factorial simulation experiment combining Genetic x Environment x Management factors that influence crop yield and water use at field scale to simulate yield and water balance components under current and future climate scenarios (pessimistic scenario for mid-century). Varietal selection and nitrogen (N) fertilization were the most important factors contributing to yield gap closure. Although yields were maximized with N application rates up to 250 kg?1 in most soils and varieties, maximum gross margin and maximum water use efficiency (WUE) were attained at lower N rates, associated with a small yield reduction compared to the maximum. There was a trade-off between intensification and increased absolute water use through transpiration, while the water use per kg product was decreased. However, location-specific N application rates that allow producing at least 80% of the water-limited potential yield (Yw) of maize and wheat resulted in high water use efficiencies as well as favorable cost-benefit ratios. Climate change was projected to lower yield as it advanced maturity, and to result in decreased drainage and increased soil evaporation across all variety, location and management combinations for both crops. Climate change reduced crop yield by 15–25% for wheat and 2–30% for maize. We conclude that the locally-calibrated APSIM model could be used to derive key lessons from the genetic, environment and management interactions, and generate information on sustainable intensification pathways that combine narrowing yield gaps with maximizing WUE and gross margins.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Control-released urea improved agricultural production efficiency and reduced the ecological and environmental impact in rice-wheat rotation system: A life-cycle perspective

    Xu X.Ma F.Zhou J.Du C....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Application of control-released urea (CRU) is considered as an attractive means to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) while maintaining and even improving the grain yield. However, life-cycle impacts, including economic benefit, energy flow, and environmental and ecological benefits, from CRU production to crop harvesting at various application strategies remain unclear. To fully assess the life-cycle impacts of CRU application, a 2-year field experiment covering an area of 3.78 ha was conducted in Yangtze River Delta, China during 2019?2020 with a rice-wheat rotation. The grain yield, NUE, net profits, energy flow, life-cycle N and C footprints, ecosystem economic benefits from the application of bulk blending urea (BBU) consisting of CRU and farmer's conventional urea were evaluated and compared to farmer's conventional urea fertilizing practice. Results suggested that twice-split fertilization of BBU improved the total grain yield and NUE, while single-dose fertilization of BBU had no impacts on total grain yield but reduced the NUE. By optimizing fertilization rate and frequency, the total net profit was improved from 3016 $ ha?1 to 3300 $ ha?1 across the rice-wheat-rice season from 2019 to 2020. Compared to the farmer's conventional urea fertilizing practice, application of BBU not only significantly decreased the life-cycle reactive N (Nr) losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 35.6%?54.5% and 34.1%?44.7% respectively, but also reduced the N and C footprints by 41.1%?60.8%, and 41.8%?42.3% respectively, which was mainly profited by decreasing the on-farm emissions of CH4, N2O, NH3, and NO3?. The ecosystem economic benefits were improved by 18.1%?59.8% because of the reductions in labor, ecosystem, and human health costs. Energy productivities also were enhanced by 3.9%?12.4% except for single-dose fertilization of BBU at the rate of 300 kg N ha?1. Comprehensive analysis indicated that twice-split application of BBU at the rate of 300 kg N ha?1 obtained relatively high performances for grain yield, net profit, energy productivity, reductions in N and C footprints, and ecosystem economic benefit, which demonstrated that twice-split application of BBU was an effective fertilization strategy to balance the economic benefit and ecological and environmental impacts in the rice-wheat rotation system, thereby promoting agricultural sustainability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier