期刊,Field Crops Research 2022年284卷期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

Field Crops Research

Elsevier

主办单位：Elsevier

国际刊号：0378-4290

Field Crops Research/Journal Field Crops ResearchSCIISTP

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Determining the plant critical saturated water accumulation curve in maize

Zhao B.Duan A.Ma S.Ning D....

12页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Water scarcity is one of the major factors limiting crop growth and productivity. Judicious water management reduces the application of irrigation water and increases grain yield, farm profits, and water use efficiency. The assessment of crop water status is the key to in-season irrigation scheduling. The plant diagnostic approach has the potential to assess the in-season crop water status for optimizing crop water use. For this purpose, a series of field and rainout shelter experiments with varying amounts of irrigation water (0–275 mm for field and 0–315 mm for rainout shelter experiments) and planting densities (6–8 ×104 plants ha?1) using seven maize cultivars were conducted from the 2017–2020 growing seasons in North China Plain to determine and validate the plant critical saturated water accumulation (SWA) curve during the vegetative growth period of maize. The result showed that the plant dry mass (DM) and the SWA ranged from 0.07 to 8.22 t ha?1 and 0.63–59.06 t ha?1 during the vegetative growth period of maize, respectively. The plant DM and SWA increased with the increase in irrigation amount. However, plant DM and plant SWA showed non-significant differences under non-water-limiting conditions. An allometric relationship between plant DM and plant SWA was used to develop the plant critical SWA curve (SWA = 8.26DM0.89, R2 =0.98**). A plant water diagnosis index (WDI) was then derived using the critical SWA curve to quantitatively assess the in-season water status of maize. The WDI increased with the increase of irrigation amount and ranged from 0.72 to 1.26 with a value of 1, indicating an optimum plant water status. The newly developed curve could diagnose and categorize the water-limiting and non-water-limiting plant water status and can be employed for precision irrigation management during maize cultivation.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

Soils and seasons effect on sugarcane ratoon yield

Dlamini N.E.Zhou M.

11页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Sugarcane yields are known to decline with successive ratoon crops, a phenomenon termed ratoon yield decline (RYD), and the rate of decline is largely dependent on the environment in which the crop grows. An environment in sugarcane production is characterized by harvest season and soil type, and gaining an understanding on how these influence RYD, can assist growers manipulate them through best practices to attain longer profitable ratoon cycles. This study aimed to quantify the effect of harvest seasons and soil types on RYD for tons cane per ha per annum (TCHA), sucrose content (SUC%) and tons sucrose per ha per annum (TSHA). To achieve this, 15 year (2000–2014) commercial field data from four large growers of the Eswatini sugarcane industry with similar climatic conditions were analyzed using linear mixed models. Season, soil and season x soil effects had highly significant (p < 0.0001) effect on RYD for TCHA and TSHA. The order of importance for TCHA was season > soil > season x soil while for TSHA it was soil > season > season x soil. SUC% was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by change in ratoon crop numbers, although there were indications of increase with increase in ratoon number. Early season harvests had the highest rate of cane yield decline (?3.33 TCHA) followed by late season (?2.30 TCHA), and mid season (?1.98 TCHA) had the lowest. Early (?0.33 TSHA) and late (?0.32 TSHA) season harvests had higher rates of sucrose yield decline than mid season harvests (?0.26 TSHA). Poor draining soils had a higher rate of cane yield decline (?2.92 TCHA) than moderate draining (?2.30 TCHA) and good draining (?2.43 TCHA) soils. Similarly, poor draining soils had a higher rate of sucrose yield decline (?0.38 TSHA) than moderate draining (?0.28 TSHA) and good draining (?0.25 TSHA) soils. There were larger variations in rates of yield decline for season x soil effects for TCHA (?1.70 to ?3.98) and TSHA (?0.23 to ?0.46) than the main effects of seasons and soils indicating the complexity associated with yield traits. The results of this study will inform sugarcane yield forecasting models to estimate yields of plant cane and ratoon crops for each soil class, adjusted for harvest seasons. Plant breeders can segregate environments according to their potential RYD and select genotypes for specific adaptations to optimize genetic gains. Growers on the other hand will be able to identify profitable ratoon numbers for each growing environment and schedule their replant programs accordingly.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

Cotton yield and boron dynamics affected by cover crops and boron fertilization in a tropical sandy soil

Cordeiro L.F.D.S.Ferrari S.Cordeiro C.F.D.S.

8页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Cover crops may affect diversely boron (B) availability and cotton yield, especially in tropical sandy soils. In turn, B fertilizer rates required by cotton can be dependent on the use of cover crops. This study aimed to evaluate cotton yield, soil-plant B dynamics, and soil fertility as a function of cover crops (fallow, millet, black velvet bean, and millet+ black velvet bean) and B fertilization rates (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 kg ha?1). The experiment was carried out at the field in two crop seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021), in Dracena, S?o Paulo State, Brazil. Cover crops increased cotton fiber yields by 47% compared to fallow soil (average two crops), as well as improved B cycling and soil fertility. Proper B rates increased cotton fiber yield by 18%. A maximum cotton fiber yield was reached at 4 kg B ha?1 (millet + black velvet bean), 2 kg B ha?1 (black velvet bean) in the 2020/2021 crop season, and 1 kg B ha?1 in the other system. Critical levels of leaf B ranged from 12 to 16 mg kg?1. Maximum B uptakes were 182 and 232 g B ha?1 in the first and second crop seasons, respectively. Boron application and cover crops increased B contents in the soil, but it was below 0.6 mg B dm?3 in the topsoil. When associated with B fertilization, cover crops, especially the intercropping between millet and black velvet bean, improved soil fertility, plant nutrition, and cotton fiber yields in the tropical sandy soil.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier