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Field Crops Research
Elsevier
Field Crops Research

Elsevier

0378-4290

Field Crops Research/Journal Field Crops ResearchSCIISTP
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    Maize basal internode development significantly affects stalk lodging resistance

    Kempenaar C.Kessel G.Zhan X.Chen L....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Stalk lodging in maize causes yield and quality losses worldwide. This could potentially be prevented through breeding and improved crop management. Breeding efforts and management optimization are however, hampered by the lack of an internode growth model and an indicator for stalk lodging resistance. With this study, we aim to contribute to a solution for this problem. We report on the results of a two-year field study in which we measured and analyzed plant traits assumed to be related to stalk lodging resistance, in five cultivars. These traits include plant and basal internode morphology, dry matter constituents accumulation, and mechanical strength of basal internode. Results from a logistic regression analysis indicate that, the stalk lodging incidence was significantly affected by the development process of the basal internode. The rapid accumulation duration of lignin, internode plumpness and cellulose were found to be the most important contributors to mechanical strength of basal internode. The correlation between Rind penetration strength (PS) and stalk lodging rate was found to be higher than the correlation between bending strength (BS) and the stalk lodging rate. In addition, PS was found to be more stable than BS over development stages and years. Dry matter constituents accumulation in the basal internode, especially lignin accumulation, were found to be the dominant process determining the mechanical strength of the basal internode. Breeding and crop management strategies aiming to prolong the duration of rapid lignin and dry matter accumulation in the basal internode may thus significantly contribute to improved lodging resistance in future maize cultivars.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A multienvironmental evaluation of the N, P and K use efficiency of a large wheat diversity panel

    Xu J.Gao Z.Liu S.Tian H....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Although the genotypic variation of nutrient use efficiency of bread wheat has been a focus of many previous studies, this variation may largely depend on the growth environment and the range of wheat cultivars being investigated. The present study aimed to examine the influence of the growth environment on the genotypic variation of nutrient use efficiency of wheat, the relationship between nutrient use efficiency parameters and yield or grain quality, and the changes in nutrient use efficiency parameters with wheat breeding history. We conducted a two-year field experiment at four different sites, and the genotypic variation of 12 nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) use efficiency parameters (NUE, PUE and KUE) were investigated in a large wheat diversity panel composed of 437 wheat cultivars released over more than 150 years. Compared with previous reports, our study expanded the lower limits of the ranges of nutrient use efficiency parameters. The NUE parameters were strongly positively correlated with the corresponding PUE parameters. Yield showed significant positive genetic correlations with most nutrient use efficiency parameters and was more strongly correlated with nutrient uptake efficiency. There was no significant genetic correlation between NUE, PUE or KUE with grain N concentration. Compared to tall cultivars, semi-dwarf wheat cultivars had higher P, K harvest index, N, K grain production efficiency. N harvest index, N, P uptake efficiency of the semi-dwarf cultivars slowly increased along with breeding history, and the relationships with breeding history for other parameters are largely environmental dependent. In conclusion, the greater genotypic variation of nutrient use efficiency of wheat revealed in our study provides insights into the improvement of nutrient-efficient wheat cultivar breeding. NUE and PUE could be improved simultaneously through wheat breeding. The nutrient harvest index, nutrient uptake and grain production efficiency could be target traits for nutrient-efficient wheat cultivar breeding.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Feasibility of yield estimation based on leaf area dynamics measurements in rice paddy fields of farmers

    Ishibashi T.Ito R.Homma K.Maki M....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Rice yield is an important factor for farmers when reviewing crop management planning and cultivation operations. In previous studies, a non-destructive, labor-saving method has been proposed to determine yield using spectral information from remote sensing. This method assumes that molecule number (e.g., chlorophyll content in leaves) and biophysical information (e.g., leaf area) cause spectral variations. However, spectral information cannot reflect the influence of physiological factors because of the limitations of this method. In this study, we investigated solar radiation use efficiency (RUE), which reportedly reflects physiological changes in crops. Time-series data of leaf area index were collected over five years in rice paddy fields of farmers to calculate and investigate the variation in RUE. The results showed that RUE varied among the survey points but did not differ significantly by year. The mean absolute error of yield estimation ranged from 68.2 g m?2 to 102.2 g m?2 depending on the yield estimation method and from 36.8 g m?2 to 454.1 g m?2 depending on the RUE. Among the estimation methods, the highest accuracy was achieved using leaf area dynamics. These results provide insights into both the effectiveness of leaf area dynamics in yield estimation and the potential errors when using remote sensing.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cultivar, irrigation management, and mepiquat chloride strategy: Effects on cotton growth, maturity, yield, and fiber quality

    Chalise D.P.Snider J.L.Hand L.C.Vellidis G....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Drought negatively affects cotton growth and yield, whereas excessive irrigation can limit yield through excessive vegetative growth and poor fruit retention. Mepiquat chloride (MC) application limits plant height, improves fruit retention and hastens maturity in responsive cultivars. Thus, the objective of this study was to address the effects of cultivar, irrigation, and MC strategy on cotton growth, maturity, yield, and fiber quality. Therefore, a field study was carried out using three cultivars, three different irrigation treatments, and three different MC treatments during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. In both years there was an interaction between irrigation and MC management for plant height. In 2020, MC treatments hastened cutout by two to three weeks in irrigated plots but did not affect cutout date in dryland plots. 2020 and 2021 differed substantially in rainfall (347 mm and 735 mm, respectively from planting to harvest). 2020 was a dry year in which yield responded positively to irrigation and 2021 was a wet year in which yield responded negatively to irrigation. There was no effect of MC treatments or interaction between MC and any other effect on lint yield. Fiber length was reduced, whereas strength and micronaire were increased by drought stress in 2020. Increased fiber length, strength, uniformity, and micronaire were observed by MC application in both years. Therefore, we can conclude that aggressive MC management reduces vegetative growth, promotes earlier physiological maturity under well-watered conditions, and affects fiber quality, but does not necessarily interact with irrigation management to affect lint yield.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Zeolite enhances phosphorus accumulation, translocation, and partitioning in rice under alternate wetting and drying

    Xia G.Chen T.Chi D.Wang S....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Zeolite can increase fertilizer use efficiency in rice production. Zeolite's positive effect on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) utilization has been validated in lowland paddy fields, but little information is available on its effect on P accumulation, translocation, and partitioning in lowland rice, especially under water stress. We conducted a two-year field experiment to evaluate the effect of zeolite and irrigations on soil P availability, dry matter accumulation, and P accumulation, partitioning, and translocation. Regardless of irrigation, zeolite application accumulated greater dry matter (DM) across growth stages than the non-zeolite control (Z0). A zeolite application rate of 10 t ha?1 (Z10) increased soil available P, plant P accumulation, stem and leaf P translocation, and panicle P partitioning across growth stages compared to Z0. Z10 increased grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and economic benefit by 21.4%, 35.5%, and 20.9%, respectively, compared to Z0. For the irrigation treatments, alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) increased DM and shoot P accumulation at all stages (except DM at tillering and shoot P accumulation at tillering and yellow ripening) relative to continuous flooding (CF). AWD produced similar grain yields but higher WUE than CF. Significant correlations between grain yield, shoot P accumulation, and soil available P indicated that zeolite enhanced grain yield by improving soil P availability and plant P uptake. These results showed that 10 t ha?1 zeolite combined with AWD irrigation achieved the highest soil available P, plant P accumulation, grain yield, WUE, and economic benefit, and could be an alternative management option for improving fertilizer P utilization, increasing rice production, and enhancing farmer profits in water-deficient regions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of expanding cassava planting and harvesting windows on root yield, starch content and revenue in southwestern Nigeria

    Pypers P.Tariku M.Enesi R.O.Six J....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important staple crop in Nigeria. It provides approximately 80 % of the caloric intake in Nigeria. High starch content and fresh root yields are important for the commercialization of cassava. Cassava is a perennial crop, and it can be produced all year round. However, cassava fresh root yield and starch content are strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as rainfall. Therefore, it is important to identify planting and harvest periods to attain maximum yields and starch content and to increase profitability. The present study aimed at (i) comparing changes in fresh root yields and starch contents of cassava planted and harvested at different times around the year (ii) identifying the cassava harvest phase attaining maximum fresh root yields and starch content (iii) assessing how price fluctuations and root yields affect the revenue and income generation across the year. This study was carried from 2017 to 2019 in southwestern Nigeria. Existing cassava fields planted at different months were visited and the planting dates were recorded. Harvesting for each planting month was done at 9, 11 and 13 months after planting (MAP). Fresh root yield and starch content varied across planting months. For all crop ages, the highest fresh root yields were recorded when planted in September and December. The highest root starch content was observed in 9- and 13-months old cassava when planted in March and November, respectively. Cassava fresh root yield and starch content varied across Julian day of harvest with lowest yields obtained between Julian day 60–120 (March and April) which coincides with the beginning of rainfall. Highest fresh root yields and starch content were attained between Julian day 180–330. Revenue showed seasonal variation and was dependent Julian day of harvest. Gross revenue was lowest between Julian day 60 and 120 (March and April) and highest from Julian day 180 (July). Lowest incomes or profits were recorded when cassava was harvested between Julian day 60 and 120 (March and April). About 9.1 % of farmers had negative revenues or lost income when they harvested at 9 MAP hence losing between 150 and 200 USD ha?1 compared with 2.8 % of farmers that lost income when harvesting was done at 11 and 13 MAP losing between 100 and 150 USD ha?1. Thus, farmers’ income generation critically depends on cassava planting and harvest dates. Choosing the right time to plant and harvest cassava is one of the most important decisions farmers can make to maximize profit.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genotype x environment interaction and stability analyses of grain yield and micronutrient (Fe and Zn) concentrations in navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes under varied production environments

    Mutari B.Sibiya J.Kondwakwenda A.Gasura E....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Development of stable, high yielding and micronutrient dense bean cultivars offers a sustainable solution to the challenge of malnutrition in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of genotypes, environments and genotype by environment (GEI) on iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in grain and grain yield (GYD) in navy bean genotypes, identify genotypes with high adaptability and stability for high grain Fe, Zn and GYD, and study the associations among grain Fe, Zn and GYD. The study was conducted in four locations over two seasons (2018/19 and 2019/20) resulting in eight environments (year-location combinations). Eight-four breeding lines and check cultivars were field-tested using a 12 × 7 alpha lattice design. The GEI was highly significant (p < 0.001) for GYD but not significant for grain Fe and Zn. Grain yield ranged from 2002 (G65) to 2501 (G27) kg/ha and was largely influenced by environment (38.87%) and the GEI (39.48%). Grain Zn and GYD had the largest heritability estimates of 0.82 and 0.60, respectively. The largest variance was observed on Fe, which ranged from 86.5 (G63) to 119.78 ppm (G37). Highly significant and positive associations (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) were observed between Fe and Zn. Stability analysis using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), AMMI stability value (ASV) and Yield Stability Index, identified six genotypes (G12, G66, G69, G39, G38 and G3) with high GYD, good GYD stability and desirable grain Fe and Zn concentrations above breeding targets of 95 and 40 ppm, respectively. These genotypes should be used as parents for crossing with other cultivars to improve micronutrient density, GYD and GYD stability. The vertex genotypes G27, G24 and G33 combined specific adaptation and high GYD with desirable micronutrient density as revealed by the “which-won-where” polygon-view of GGE biplot. These genotypes could be recommended for deployment in their respective mega-environments.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Applying the CROPGRO Perennial Forage Model for long-term estimates of Marandu palisadegrass production in livestock management scenarios in Brazil

    dos Santos M.L.Santos P.M.Boote K.J.Hoogenboom G....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The use of long-term forage production simulation is important to studies of strategic scenarios, yield-gap predictions and production risk analysis. However, forage models have only been tested using short period data. Therefore, this study aimed to apply the CROPGRO Perennial Forage Model (CROPGRO-PFM), a mechanistic model from Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) platform, to simulate long-term forage production of Marandu palisadegrass {Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster [syn. Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf]} in different locations of Central Brazil, under different fertilization levels. We chose nine locations distributed in Amazon, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest Biomes to simulate Marandu palisadegrass production over 36 years (1980–2016). The simulations were carried out using prior calibrations for DSSAT's CROPGRO-PFM and, as a reference point of growth and herbage simulation, model results were initially contrasted against an agrometeorological model, the Integrated Agrometeorological Model (IAM), to check the consistency between these two different models. Then the CROPGRO-PFM was applied to simulated scenarios represented three beef cattle livestock production systems: (1) Potential production water-not-limiting and highly fertilized, (2) rainfed with high N fertilization, and (3) rainfed with low N maintenance fertilization. In general, the long-term simulations of annual forage production and seasonality were similar for the CROPGRO-PFM and IAM models. As expected for the Central Brazil region, historical averages of monthly herbage accumulation rate of potential yield scenarios were relatively constant throughout the year, declining in the winter period for most locations due to mild temperature reduction and decline of solar radiation. In general, rainfed scenarios simulations showed a seasonal cycle following the rainfall pattern, with reduction in growth rates in the dry season. During the winter season climate is the major limiting growth factor, simulated growth rates were low and similar regardless of N fertilization. Although the CROPGRO-PFM presented consistent results for long term grazing systems, further model changes, calibration, and validations are recommended to improve the process-based model as well as the knowledge about these systems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Improving winter barley adaptation to freezing and heat stresses in the U.S. Midwest: bottlenecks and opportunities

    Sadok W.Wiersma J.J.Smith K.P.Steffenson B.J....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Continental cropping systems are increasingly exposed to extreme and opposing trends of temperatures over the same growing season. This situation is epitomized by winter barley grown in the Upper Midwest, which is subject to temperatures that can be as low as ?30 °C during the winter and over 30 °C during summer. This interaction severely limits the potential of this emerging crop, by threatening the winter survival of the crown which is often exposed to lethal freezing stress and by exposing reproductive organs to high temperature (HT) stress, to which this cool-season grass is highly sensitive. This poses a unique challenge that requires the discovery and capture of well-defined sets of traits enabling adaptation to extreme tail ends of a stressor, with limited trade-offs, while minimizing costs. Here, based on a critical literature review, we propose a framework integrating i) environmental characterization (envirotyping), ii) envirotype-relevant scouting of genetic resources, iii) ecophysiology-informed trait identification and phenotyping and iv) breeding pipelines. We outline propositions and guidelines for implementing these steps and discuss their feasibility, with an emphasis on i) identifying novel genetic resources and eco-physiological traits relevant to this problem, ii) navigating their physiological trade-offs and iii) leveraging this information to develop ad hoc phenotyping methods for deployment in breeding programs. Our review indicates that the eco-physiological and genetic bases for improving tolerance to both stresses in the same organism likely exists based on evidence from crop relatives and extremophile species, with smaller vasculature (freezing tolerance) and transpirational cooling (HT tolerance) being prime examples. Our findings indicate that such traits could be captured with minimal trade-offs, and that is possible to use similar phenotyping concepts (thermal imaging) and infrastructure (cold/heat tents) to screen for these traits and accelerate breeding to enhance adaptation to temperature extremes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier