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Food Control
Elsevier Science Ltd.
Food Control

Elsevier Science Ltd.

0956-7135

Food Control/Journal Food ControlSCIISTP
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    Detection of adulteration activities in edible bird's nest using untargeted H-1-NMR metabolomics with chemometrics

    Ismail, Faridah FaridzahKelly, Simon D.Cannavan, AndrewSeow, Eng-Keng...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Edible bird's nests (EBNs) are the nests of swiftlets, made from the saliva of the male swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus). Due to their nutritional value, EBNs are recognized as a premium food and highly in demand among the Chinese community. EBNs are commonly adulterated with cheaper ingredients and efforts are being made to combat these activities using different analytical techniques. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR) metabolomic fingerprinting combined with chemometrics, particularly principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS DA), was employed to detect adulteration in EBNs. Authentic EBN samples from different locations in Malaysia were used and adulteration was simulated using nutrient agar, collagen, gelatine, karaya gum and melamine at 1, 5 and 10% w/w, respectively. Overall, unsupervised PCA was able to distinguish authentic EBNs from those adulterated with nutrient agar, collagen and gelatine down to 5% w/w adulteration level. As for EBN adulterated with karaya gum and melamine, a distinct peak can be observed at 1.91 ppm and 6.10 ppm, respectively. The supervised OPLS-DA predictive model was able to differentiate authentic EBNs from simulated adulterated EBNs with 100% accuracy. Conclusively, H-1-NMR metabolomics combined with chemometrics could be a potential tool for the detection of adulteration in EBN.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A novel duplex droplet digital PCR assay for simultaneous authentication and quantification of Panax notoginseng and its adulterants

    Yu, NingXing, RanranWang, PingDeng, Tingting...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Food adulteration can result in unfair commercial trade and consumer distrust, therefore, a reliable and effective method for food qualitative and quantitative analysis is necessary. In the present work, we developed a highly sensitive and precise approach based on duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for the identification and quantification of Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) powder and its adulterants. The detection targeted single copy nuclear genes, the limits of detection (LODs) for rice and soybean were both 0.1%, and the limits of quantifications (LOQs) were both 0.5%. The relationship between species proportions and DNA copy number was established for rice, soybean and P. notoginseng and the regression equation all exhibited good linearity. To further demonstrate the accuracy of the developed method, samples with known concentrations were tested. In general, the developed duplex ddPCR assays is useful for addressing adulteration issues in health food material powder from P. notoginseng.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Isolation of AmpC- and extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales from fresh vegetables in the United States

    Moon, Sun HeeUdaondo, ZulemaAbram, Kaleb Z.Li, Xinhui...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Vegetables may serve as a reservoir for antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes. AmpC beta-lactamases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) inactivate commonly used beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins. In this study, we determined the prevalence of AmpC- and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in retail vegetables in the United States. A total of 88 vegetable samples were collected for the screening of AmpC and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales using CHROMagar ESBL agar. These vegetables included washed ready-toeat salad (23), microgreens/sprouts (13), lettuce (11), herbs (11), spinach (5), mushrooms (5), brussels sprouts (4), kale (3), and other vegetable samples (13). AmpC and ESBL activities in these isolates were determined using double disk combination tests. Two vegetable samples (2.27%), organic basil and brussels sprouts, were positive for AmpC-producing Enterobacterales and eight samples (9.09%), including bean sprouts, organic parsley, organic baby spinach, and several mixed salads, were positive for ESBL-producing Enterobacterales. Whole genome sequencing was used to identify the bacterial species and resistance genes in these isolates. Genes encoding AmpC beta-lactamases were found in Enterobacter hormaechei strains S43-1 and 74-2, which were consistent with AmpC production phenotypes. Multidrug-resistant E. hormaechei strains S11-1, S17-1, and S45-4 possess an ESBL gene, blaSHV66, whereas five Serratia fonticola isolates contain genes encoding a minor ESBL, FONA-5. In addition, we used shotgun metagenomic sequencing approach to examine the microbiome and resistome profiles of three spinach samples. We found that Pseudomonas was the most prevalent bacteria genus in the spinach samples. Within the Enterobacteriaceae family, Enterobacter was the most abundant genus in the spinach samples. Moreover, antibiotic resistance genes encoding 12 major classes of antibiotics, including beta-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycoside, macrolide, fluoroquinolone, and others, were found in these spinach samples. Therefore, vegetables can serve as an important vehicle for transmitting antibiotic resistance. The study highlights the need for antibiotic resistance surveillance in vegetable products.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Inactivation mechanism of catalytic infrared against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its decontamination application on dry green Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum schinifolium)

    Xia, GuohuaLi, YeTao, HuihuiZhang, Long...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Catalytic infrared (CIR) technology for sterilization has not been widely applied owing to the lack of comprehensive and in-depth mechanistic research. This study aims to explore further the inactivation mechanism of CIR against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in green Sichuan pepper (GSP). First, the working pattern of the CIR was investigated using a colony counting method in different layouts. The results indicated that the bacteriostatic effect on GSP was weaker than that on plates with low-dose CIR radiation, and both the surrounding air and surface moisture content affected the sterilization rate of P. aeruginosa. Second, the bacteriostatic mechanism of CIR against P. aeruginosa was investigated. The results indicated that the bacteriostatic effect of CIR could be mainly caused by the destruction of the cell membrane, inhibition of swimming motility, and membrane dysfunction simultaneously, and it was also caused by weaker DNA breakage compared with pulse strong light. Finally, the flavour influence of CIR in GSP was determined in terms of volatile oil content, aroma component, alkaloid content, and colour change. After 0-4 min of CIR treatment, the changes in the flavour of GSP were all within the acceptable range. Consequently, CIR technology is a promising approach for effective decontamination of the GSP surface, which works mainly on cell cover and can weakly penetrate the cell membrane.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide for decontamination of Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes on almonds and peppercorns

    Chai, Hui-ErhHwang, Cheng-AnHuang, LihanWu, Vivian C. H....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Almonds and peppercorns have been implicated in outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for pilot-scale decontamination of Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and Listeria monocytogenes on almonds and black peppercorns. Pathogens-inoculated almonds and peppercorns were exposed to ClO2 gas generated by mixing of sodium chlorite (NaClO2) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) in dry form or by dosing hydrogen chloride (HCl) into NaClO2. The concentrations of ClO2 (ppm) during the treatment duration (h) were recorded to obtain the cumulative ClO2 exposure (ppm-h), and the reductions in the pathogen populations resulting from exposure to the cumulative exposures were determined. For almonds, increasing the exposures from 983 to 10,408 ppm-h increased the reductions of Salmonella, STEC, and L. monocytogenes from 1.1 to 4.1, 1.6 to 4.1, and 1.4 to 4.1 log CFU/g, respectively. For peppercorns, increasing the exposures from 983 to 8039 ppm-h increased the reductions of Salmonella, STEC, and L. monocytogenes from 3.0 to 6.0, 3.7 to 7.2, and 3.2 to 7.3 log CFU/g, respectively. A 4.0-log reduction of the pathogens was achieved by using 10,408 ppm-h for almonds and 3112 ppm-h for peppercorns. Treatment parameters obtained from this study could be used in pilot-scale or larger decontamination applications for almonds and peppercorns.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Larvae of Sulcascaris sulcata (Nematoda: Anisakidae), a parasite of sea turtles, infect the edible purple dye murex Bolinus brandaris in the Tyrrhenian Sea

    Santoro, MarioModica, Maria VittoriaPalomba, Marialetizia
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Anisakid nematodes are among the most common helminth parasites of the marine realm, particularly important for their implications with human infections and/or allergies. Members of the Anisakidae use aquatic mammals, birds and fish as definitive hosts, and crustaceans, fish and molluscs as intermediate/paratenic hosts. Sulcascaris sulcata, the only species in the monotypic genus Sulcascaris, represents the exception being a parasite of sea turtles as adult. The recent findings of larvae of S. sulcata in scallops (Pecten jacobeus and Aequipecten opercularis) and Mediterranean mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis intended for human consumption from the Mediterranean Sea caused concern regarding the sanitary control of edible molluscs and consumer safety. Herein, we investi-gated the larval anisakids collected from the purple dye murex, Bolinus brandaris, harvested for human con-sumption from the Central Mediterranean Sea (Tyrrhenian Sea). Morphological study and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene locus revealed the occurrence of fourth stage larvae of S. sulcata in 16% of the purple dye murex examined. The present study adds the purple dye murex to the list of the known intermediate hosts of this parasite in the Mediterranean Sea and the northern coast of Campania region as site where individuals of log-gerhead turtle and purple dye murex may become infected. This is the first study reporting an anisakid nematode in edible gastropods. Epidemiological features of infection in the purple dye murex and implications for gastropod safety and risk for consumers are discussed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Single-staining flow cytometry approach using SYTOXTM green to describe electroporation effects on Escherichia coli

    Zand, ElenaSchottroff, FelixSchoenher, ChristophZimmermann, Katharina S....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Pulsed electric fields (PEF) can induce reversible or irreversible electroporation effects on bacterial cells resulting in sublethally or lethally injured cells. Hereafter, an alternative single-staining flow cytometry approach with SYTOXTM Green (SYTOX) is proposed, allowing for a straightforward and rapid screening of electroporation effects. SYTOX-staining indicated 38-63% of E. coli cells with intermediate cellular changes, likely being sublethally injured, at electric field intensities of 8 kV/cm-18 kV/cm. Compared to staining with propidium iodide, SYTOX showed a brighter fluorescence intensity, allowing for easier differentiation of subpopulations. The proportion of intermediate injury observed with SYTOX was distinctly higher than the sublethal damage detected with conventional plating on selective media (31-45%). It is, however, challenging to compare selective plating with the single-staining method based on membrane integrity, suggesting different analytical methods to indicate complex cellular states and sublethal effects.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Molecular dynamics insight of novel Enzybiotic Salmcide-p1 lysis peptidoglycan to inhibit Salmonella Typhimurium

    Nie, TingMeng, FanqiangLu, FengxiaSun, Jing...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Salmcide-p1 is an enzybiotic derived from Salmonella bacteriophage fmb-p1 with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. This study found that Salmcide-p1 completely destroyed the structural integrity of Salmonella Typhimurium within 15 min, causing the leakage of intracellular nucleic acids, proteins, K+, and Ca2+, ultimately inducing cell apoptosis and necrosis. Meanwhile, Salmcide-p1 could lyse most of the Salmonella Typhimurium cell wall peptidoglycans within 1 h, and complete the lysis within 2 h. Therefore, the catalytic lysis of peptidoglycan is a key mechanism for Salmcide-p1 to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations of peptidoglycan from Gram-negative bacteria revealed that the glycosidic bond between N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid is a potential site for catalytic lysis. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the residues between Gly10 to His40 of Salmcide-p1 contributed the most to the binding free energy and the formation of hydrogen bonds between Salmcide-p1 and the cell wall peptidoglycan. The hydrophobic effect of the hydrophobic pocket of the beta-barrel domain of Salmcide-p1 played an important role in the binding of Salmcide-p1 to peptidoglycan. The beta-sheet of the beta-barrel domain was the catalytic active center, and Glu18 and Tyr25 were the key residues of Salmcide-p1 for the lysis of peptidoglycan. This work revealed the molecular dynamics mechanism of the interaction between Salmcide-p1 and bacterial peptidoglycan.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dynamic changes and mechanisms of organic acids during black tea manufacturing process

    Yu, FeiChen, CongChen, ShunaWang, Kaixi...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Sourness usually reduces the sensory quality of black tea, and organic acids are considered as one of major contributors. A UPLC-MRM-MS method was successfully developed to analyze organic acids during the processing of black tea made of "Yingshuang" tea variety. The contents of quinic acid and citric acid increased first and then decreased during withering, but didn't significantly changed after the whole processing. Malic acid content obviously dropped in early withering, and then stayed at low level. These three acids at withering stage were regulated by quinate dehydrogenase (QDH), citrate synthase (CS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malic enzyme (ME). Gallic acid sharply increased after rolling, resulted from the hydrolysis of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) by endogenous tannase. This work revealed the dynamic changes and regulatory mechanisms of organic acids during the black tea manufacturing process, which is helpful to improve the processing technology and quality of black tea.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    NiO-nanoflowers decorating a plastic electrode for the non-enzymatic amperometric detection of H2O2 in milk: Old issue, new challenge

    Carbone, M.Aneggi, E.Figueredo, F.Susmel, S....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：In food supply chain, there are regulatory limitations on the use of chemicals for cleaning processing lines since the healthiness of the commodities must be guaranteed if accidently traces of these detergents and sanitizers pass to them. Hydrogen peroxide, is a commonly used sanitizer in the cleaning of the food processing lines having both bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties, however, it produces inflammatory effects on the human body. The availability of rapid systems to detect its accidental presence is therefore useful to speed up the control and apply corrective actions. In the present work, a drop casting and easily prepared plastic graphite/PVC electrode decorated with NiO nanostructures has been investigated as electrochemical sensor for the non-enzymatic amperometric determination of H2O2. The catalytic activity, dispersion, and stability of NiO nanostructures mixed with plastic nanocomposite electrode have been studied in detail. The preparation method, particularly the precipitating agents used in the synthesis of NiO nanostructures strongly influenced their morphology and porosity. Further, the electrochemical response of NiO-PE electrodes towards H2O2 resulted to be morphologydependent. The non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor was optimized for the rapid and sensitive detection of H2O2 present in milk with no sample pre-treatments. NiO nanoflowers showed the best catalytic activity towards H2O2, a linear range that extends up to 4 mM and a LOD of 5 mu M (3sd of the blank signal) were obtained.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier