查看更多>>摘要：Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the mycotoxins that occur frequently in wheat and considered a serious threaten to health. Cold plasma was used as an efficient approach for DON degradation in this study. The influences of working gas type, voltage and processing time of cold plasma system on DON degradation were investigated. It was found that 83.99% of DON solid standard could be degraded after 8 min treatment at 50 kV in air atmosphere. LC/TOF-MS was used to analyze the degradation products of DON after cold plasma treatment. It showed that the epoxy group, double bond and hydroxyl groups which responsible for the toxicity of DON might be destroyed by plasma, and total 4 molecular formulas and 7 possible degradation products were deduced. The cold plasma system was further applicated in the degradation of DON in wheat samples. Negligible effects on wheat quality were observed after degradation except for a slight decrease in whiteness of wheat powder. Therefore, cold plasma may be a promising strategy for DON contaminant in wheat.
查看更多>>摘要：Glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide, is globally used in crop production and persists in bread and flour. Tolerance limits for glyphosate in cereal products have been established internationally. In Lebanon, there are scarce published data on the level of glyphosate food products and consumer exposure levels remains unknown.& nbsp;All bread and flour products available (n = 164 samples) characterized by their distinct processing methods have been collected from Mount Lebanon and Beirut governorates. Glyphosate concentrations were assessed, using ELISA and compared across samples by brand, flour types and country of origin. The exposure level of the Lebanese population to glyphosate was also assessed through estimated daily intake calculations.& nbsp;Out of the assessed bread products and of flour products tested 80% and 100% were contaminated with glyphosate. All the values were below the international limits (30 mg/kg for bread and 0.5 mg/kg for flour). The glyphosate median residue level was significantly higher in unconventional bread (52.9 ppb), as compared to bran (28.5 ppb) and whole grain (25.7 ppb) and white bread (14.9 ppb) (p = 0.004). Highest percentage positive samples were found for unconventional bread types and lowest for brown bread type (100 and 69.2%, respectively). The findings also showed that glyphosate occurrence and level was statistically identical in all the flour samples including different types and country of origin (p = 0.75, 0.146, respectively). Lebanese population daily exposures to glyphosate through consumption of bread and flour products were estimated to be 0.0702 mu g/kg BW/day and 0.1318 mu g/kg BW/day, respectively. Daily bread exposure was only 0.000117% of the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 1 mg/kg/day as listed by Codex, and 0.00039% of the ADI of 0.5 mg/kg/day as listed by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment. Dietary exposure to glyphosate through flour and flour-based bread products seems to be low in Lebanon. Future extensive studies need to evaluate exposure to glyphosate from other staple foods and through other routes of exposure beyond diet.
查看更多>>摘要：The effects of different temperatures (4, 15, 25, and 35 degrees C), package (vacuum and normal pressure) and light/ dark conditions on the quality changes of dried apricots during storage for 6 months were investigated. Total carotenoids, total phenolics, and color values (L*, a*, and b*) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with increase of storage temperature, especially at temperatures higher than 25 degrees C. While, the antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP) decreased as the temperature increased from 4 to 25 degrees C, however, both of them increased when the temperature further increased to 35 degrees C. The vacuum package and dark storage protected the carotenoids from degradation and color deterioration, but had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on the retention of phenolics and antioxidant capacity. Weibull model could accurately predict the total carotenoids and color changes. The results suggest that dried apricots should be vacuum-packed and stored in dark at less than 25 degrees C on account of quality and stability.
Lian, Kuang-YowSebastian, NeethuAl-Mubaddel, Fahad S.Noman, Muhammad Tayyab...
11页
查看更多>>摘要：Artificial food preservatives are widely utilized across the globe to prolong shelf life of food. In this paper, a highly sensitive and cost-effective electrochemical sensor for the nanomolar detection of synthetic antioxidant tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) commonly used as a food preservative is reported. A hybrid nanocomposite was sonochemically prepared by embedding surface functionalized carbon black (FCB) on spinel Co3O4 nanorods. We used oxalic acid mediated co-precipitation approach in the synthesis of highly porous Co3O4 nanorods and CB was chemically oxidized using acid-treatment. Significant characterization techniques including XRD, SEM, mapping, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and EIS were utilized for analyzing morphological and structural properties of materials. The prepared hybrid nanocomposite modified electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical performance. A high sensitivity of 7.94 mu A mu M-1 cm(-2), ultra-low detection limit of 1 nM, and quantification limit of 5 nM was achieved in TBHQ detection based on the modified electrode. Furthermore, the practicality of the developed electrochemical sensor in TBHQ detection is confirmed by conducting real sample analysis experiment in beef tallow, peanut oil, and lake water resulting in adequate recovery values.
Wei, MeilinDhanasekaran, SolairajGodana, Esa AbisoYang, Qiya...
11页
查看更多>>摘要：Cryptococcus podzolicus Y3 is an antagonistic yeast that can control postharvest diseases of crops and mycotoxins, which is potentially valuable for ensuring food safety. Our previous study showed that C. podzolicus Y3 can efficiently degrade ochratoxin A (OTA), one of the harmful mycotoxins in the environment and food. However, the genomic information of C. podzolicus Y3 and its protein expression profile during OTA degradation are not available. In this study, whole-genome sequencing of C. podzolicus Y3 was analyzed. Protein expression during OTA degradation was investigated by the data-independent acquisition (DIA) technique. The genome size of C. podzolicus Y3 was about 29,181,249 bp length with 58.79% GC content and identified with 17 scaffolds, 9090 coding regions and 127 non-coding regions. The DIA identified 4315 proteins during OTA degradation, among which 101 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 116 were down-regulated. The differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in reduced glutathione metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling system and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, calcium ion homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum protein processing and fatty acid metabolism. Our results provide the genome information of C. podzolicus Y3 for further functional researches. In addition, this study has revealed the toxicity and stress response mechanism of C. podzolicus Y3 during OTA degradation at the protein level.
查看更多>>摘要：A "two-procedure approach " was developed to detect and confirm residues of 64 antibiotic substances in honey using liquid-chromatography coupled to quadrupole time -of-flight mass spectrometry. Eight antimicrobial classes were determined (amphenicols, lincosamides, macrolides, nitroimidazoles, pleuromutilins, quinolones, sulfonamides and tetracyclines) together with single drugs. The procedures were validated in the range 0.2-50 mu g kg(-1), obtaining recovery factors from 67 to 100% and coefficients of variation in within-lab reproducibility conditions lower than 20%. Limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges 0.1-3.3 mu g kg(-1) and 0.2-11 mu g kg(-1), respectively, satisfying the current European levels for analytical control of antibiotic residues in honey. An extensive matrix effect study was performed considering acacia, chestnut and multiflower honey types. Method performances were confirmed through participation in proficiency tests obtaining z-scores between-0.7 and +1.08. The proposed approach was applied to honey samples collected in local markets and three out of fifty-five samples tested positive. The found molecules were sulfonamides (sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole) and tetracyclines (oxytetracycline and tetracycline) at concentrations lower than 2 mu g kg(-1). Two out of three contaminated samples contained honey from extra-EU countries.
查看更多>>摘要：The lack of regulations and serious enforcement in the traceability of fishery products in some countries is one cause of food fraud, especially species substitution. Thailand is one of those countries where regulations are not fully enforced. Therefore, the labeling situation needs to be investigated in fish fillet products. Fifty-four products were collected from several supermarkets in Thailand. The labeling and molecular identity of each product were assessed by the application of a DNA barcoding technique on a cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene fragment of approximately 650 bp. All samples were successfully identified at the species level with 98-100% similarity in both the GenBank and BOLD databases. Only one sample could be identified at the genus level because the highest COI sequence match in the database was reported only at the genus level. Among all products, there were 25 species and 18 genera. Only one species, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, was assessed as an endangered species according to IUCN status. FishBase was utilized to investigate the scientific names from common or market names. Two criteria were used to determine mislabeling, including i) mismatches between the scientific name identified by DNA barcoding and product labels and ii) the absence of common or market names in FishBase. Eighteen samples (33.33%) were mislabeled, which included 16 samples (88.89%) and 2 samples (11.11%) for criteria 1 and 2, respectively. Only one (11.11%) of nine products labeled with scientific names was mislabeled. Therefore, labeling products with scientific names may be a tool to reduce mislabeling to protect consumer rights.
查看更多>>摘要：Ochratoxin A is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi and a major mycotoxin contaminating cereal grains and cereal-based products. Although, ochratoxin A is hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and carcinogenic, its detection is limited due to low awareness, time-consuming conventional methods and false positive results. In this study, a rapid, user-friendly dot-blot assay was developed using peptide conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a detection agent. The peptide binding to ochratoxin A was evaluated by the apparent dissociation constant (K-d app) measurement using indirect enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay. A low K-d value (1.046 mu M) suggested high binding of peptide with ochratoxin A. The potential of peptide-based ochratoxin A recognition was translated to a portable platform using streptavidin functionalized AuNPs conjugated to a biotinylated 11-mer peptide. Dot-blot assay was developed for detection of ochratoxin A with a limit of detection of 0.49 mu g/kg. Negligible cross-reactivity with low spot intensities were observed for high concentrations of other mycotoxins like aflatoxin B1 and citrinin, in comparison to control. Further, percent recovery of ochratoxin A from spiked wheat samples by dot-blot was comparable to the conventional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, detection of ochratoxin A by dot-blot was validated by HPLC in 65 whole wheat, crushed wheat coarse, crushed wheat fine and wheat flour samples with a high correlation with R-2 = 0.93. HPLC and dot blot confirmed the presence of ochratoxin A < 5 mu g/kg in the samples. Therefore, a portable, easy-to-use dot-blot assay for ochratoxin A detection with potential of application at each stage of harvesting, storage, production and distribution can contribute to safe and healthy food and feed.
查看更多>>摘要：Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are a worldwide crop appreciated by consumers and known to have several health benefits (e.g. decreasing risk of cardiovascular diseases, lowering LDL cholesterol). Nonetheless, during the production chain, peanuts can be contaminated by mycotoxigenic fungi, especially Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, responsible for contamination of this commodity with aflatoxins (AFs). Chronic exposure to these mycotoxins is known to have carcinogenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive effects, while acute exposure can be fatal.& nbsp;Peanut-based products are considered the "new-gold " in Lower Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) as they are used to produce therapeutic food to fight malnutrition in children in the form of high energy bars (e.g. Plumpy'Nut (R)). The present study has been focused on an examination of the existing Ethiopian peanut supply chain to identify components that require improvements during pre-harvest, harvesting and post-harvest where practical and affordable intervention practices can be implemented. The lack of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs), the use of traditional and rudimentary methods for drying and shelling peanuts, as well as inadequate storage locations are some of the main factors associated with the high contamination of Ethiopian peanuts with AFs. While control of AFs is complex, in-depth examination of existing practices has facilitated an overview of the potential for efficient and low-cost strategies to reduce and minimize these toxin risks in the Ethiopian peanut production chain. This includes the use of Drycard (TM)& nbsp;as a tool to check moisture content, the creation of homemade solar dryer and wooden nutcrackers, and the use of either the Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags or novel bags with slow-release food-grade preservatives. The implementation of some of these approaches should ensure a safer home-grown peanut supply chain that would contribute to the growth of the economy of the country by reducing the high costs of importing such raw materials and supporting the use of local smallholder farmers peanuts. This would have significant economic benefits in the local peanut production chain.
查看更多>>摘要：Worldwide, epidemiological data indicate that households are the most commonly reported setting related to foodborne outbreaks. Improper domestic food handling, cooking and storing represent critical steps in assuring the food safety. With the aim to evaluate consumers food safety knowledge, practices, and temperature distribution among household refrigerators we conducted a study among 120 households in Belgrade (Republic of Serbia). In examined households, the individuals responsible for food purchasing and storage at their homes, showed significant gaps in food safety knowledge. Temperature distributions within the refrigerators and the variability between households were of major concern. The vast majority of refrigerators (82.5%) operated at temperatures above 5 C. Households with children showed significantly higher average temperatures (p < 0.05). Similarly, refrigerators older than ten years were operating at higher temperatures (p < 0.05). Moreover, the hygienic status of a subset of 42 household refrigerators was assessed by total viable counts (TVC), total coliform counts (TCC) and total yeast and mould count. TVC screening showed results of up to 8.4 log10 CFU/ cm(2), indicating unsatisfactory hygienic status of internal refrigerator surfaces. These findings underpin the need for improving hygienic practices and raising the awareness of consumers towards the maintenance of cold chain during food storage at home.
NSTL
Elsevier