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Food Control
Elsevier Science Ltd.
Food Control

Elsevier Science Ltd.

0956-7135

Food Control/Journal Food ControlSCIISTP
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    Absolute preservation indicator for the assessment of refrigeration performance based on dynamic temperature measurements and predictive microbiology

    Martinez-Martinez, EnriqueFernandez-Villanueva, GerardoGarcia-Cortes, AndresTorres-Valdez, Alejandro Yamaguchi...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：National and international norms have been established to assess the energy use of refrigerated food storage including compliance with the maximum allowed for residential refrigerators. However, norms on how to assess refrigerated food storage from a preservation point of view have not been developed. A published predictive microbiology model and similar to 3 million time-temperature values collected for pasteurized egg white stored in the top door shelf of a customized refrigerator were used to estimate an absolute performance indicator (API) of refrigerated storage. Deterministic (only using mean values) and probabilistic (using 1000 normally distributed values) estimates of 48h-temperature-dependent cumulative exponential growth for Salmonella spp. were defined as API (log(10) CFU/mL). APIs were used to assess the effects of low and high ambient temperature (21.1 degrees C [LT], 32.2 degrees C [HT]), regular and high refrigerator load (22.5 [RL], 39.0 kg [HL]), and single or variable speed (SS or VS) compressor technology. Also included were samples temporarily exposed to room temperature [M] simulating consumer use, or always kept refrigerated [F]. The severe variable speed compressor, high ambient temperature, and high load condition (VS/HT/HL) yielded the highest deterministic API values, i.e., API = 0.138 +/- 0.033 and 0.211 +/- 0.091 for F and M samples, respectively. The probabilistic analysis yielded 5/95% percentiles of 0.08/0.22 and 0.02/0.13 for F and M samples, respectively. The lowest API values were observed for VS/LT/HL reaching 5/95% percentiles of 0.00/0.05 and 0.01/0.05 for F and M samples, respectively. Compressor speed control modifications lowering product temperature and shortening temperature recovery time after door openings and product exposure to room temperature are necessary, particularly for refrigerators operating under high ambient temperature. Units offering low API values while meeting energy use guidelines would be preferred by consumers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Conventional vs. organic vineyards: Black Aspergilli population structure, mycotoxigenic capacity and mycotoxin contamination assessment in wines, using a new Q-TOF MS-MS detection method

    Testempasis, Stefanos I.Kamou, Nathalie N.Papadakis, Emmanouil-NikolaosMenkissoglu-Spiroudi, Urania...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aspergillus bunch rot, caused by several mycotoxigenic species of Black Aspergilli section Nigri is one of the most severe diseases of grapevine, while mycotoxin contaminated products may pose a risk to the consumers health. During a 2-year (2018-2019) survey, the impact of conventional and organic farming systems on Black Aspergilli population structure in Greek vineyards was thoroughly investigated. In total, 300 isolates of Aspergillus spp. were selected and identified by amplicon sequencing of the ITS-region, beta-tubulin and calmodulin genes. Four different Aspergillus section Nigri species (A. tubingensis, A. uvarum, A. carbonarius and A. niger) were identified as the casual agents of the disease. During both sampling years, higher frequencies of A. tubingensis and A. uvarum were found in the organic and conventional vineyards, respectively. In vitro production of ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B-2, B-3 and B-4 (FB2, FB3, and FB4) was evaluated in two selective media. The analysis revealed a low frequency of mycotoxigenic isolates, while, most of these isolates originated from conventional vineyards. As expected, A. carbonarious was identified as the main OTA producer (0.01-9.2 mu g/g), whereas A. niger was the leading producer of FBs. In total, 74 wine samples originating from either organic or conventional vineyards of the same region, were analyzed using a new Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (QTOF MS-MS) analytical method developed to detect and quantify Alternariol (AOH), Alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and Citrinin (CIT) in addition to the aforementioned Aspergillus mycotoxins (OTA, FB1, FB2 FB3), using a modified QuEChERS extraction protocol. Interestingly, a low frequency of mycotoxin-contaminated wines was detected. At the same time, fumonisins (FBs) were identified as the main mycotoxins in Greek wines. This is the first study deciphering the impact of conventional and organic farming systems on Aspergillus section Nigri species in Greek vineyards, suggesting that farming system may affect the species composition within the vineyard. Furthermore, evidence was provided for a higher risk of selection of Aspergillus strains with higher mycotoxigenic capacity in conventional vineyards, associated with higher risk of mycotoxin contamination in wines originating from these vineyards.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Five-years management of an emerging parasite risk (Eustrongylides sp., Nematoda) in a fishery supply chain located on Trasimeno Lake (Italy)

    Branciari, RaffaellaFranceschini, RaffaellaGuardone, LisaArmani, Andrea...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the last few years, the widespread diffusion of potentially zoonotic parasitic nematodes of the genus Eustrongylides in the Trasimeno Lake, Central Italy, prompted Food Business Operators (FBOs) operating in the freshwater fish supply chain to define preventive measures to reduce or eliminate this new hazard from fishery products. The results of the self-checks for parasite risk management of a fishermen's cooperative over a five-year period (January 2016-April 2021) are presented. Nine freshwater commercial species, perch (Perca fluviatilis), largemouth black bass (Micropterus salmoides), big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri), eel (Anguilla anguilla), black bullhead (Ictalurus melas), carp (Cyprinus carpio), tench (Tinca tinca), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus), differently processed (filleted, whole gutted or whole ungutted), were investigated . The presence of visible parasites was assessed by visual inspection during processing and recorded. Eustrongylides sp. were found in all species examined except for goldfish. Eustrongylides sp. occurrence was negligible in large mouth black bass, eel, carp, and tench, while increasing prevalence rates over the years were observed in fillets of perch <400 g (from 4.2% in 2016 to 68% in 2021), batches of sand smelt (<1%-40%) and pumpkinseed sunfish (6%-99%). Still low but slightly increasing prevalence rates were also observed for black bull head. The rising of the infection in perch, sand smelt, and pumpkinseed sunfish lead to a progressive implementation of preventive measures including the definition of a sampling plan for the visual inspection followed by trimming or removal of the parasites from the muscle or the application of a threshold value to define the marketability of fish batches. This is the first study describing an approach for the management of the emerging risk posed by nematodes of the genus Eustrongylides in a freshwater fishery supply chain. Besides providing an updated epidemiological scenario in Lake Trasimeno, where this parasite was described for the first time in Italy in 2015, it could support other FBOs in the implementation of preventive measures to safeguard consumers' health and trust.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Emerging materials and technologies of multi-layer film for food packaging application: A review

    Alias, A. R.Wan, M. KhairulSarbon, N. M.
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Food packaging is an essential component of the development in food industry, as it is capable of protecting food from physical, chemical and biological contamination. Synthetic plastic packaging is by far the most commonly used for packaging; however, it leads to considerable environmental problems. The use of biodegradable plastics derived from natural polymers can address this issue. Nevertheless, natural polymers have poor barrier properties. This review aims to provide an overview of the various polymers used in multi-layer packaging and also to explain their physical, mechanical and barrier properties in detail. Hence, the application of a multi-layer film that combines the unique features of different polymers may produce packaging materials with improved performance, such as mechanical and barrier properties. The properties of multi-layer films with different types of polymers (biomass, synthesis-derived and microbial-derived) are thoroughly discussed. The results show that the multi-layer films possessed superior properties as compared to single-layer films in term of physical, mechanical and gas barrier properties. Suggestions for future research on the compatibility of multi-layer film in packaging applications are also addressed in this review. This paper offers an overview of the development of biodegradable natural polymer multi-layer films for packaging applications in the food industry.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fourier-transform near-infrared spectroscopy as a fast screening tool for the verification of the geographical origin of grain maize (Zea mays L.)

    Schuetz, DavidRiedl, JanetAchten, ElisabethFischer, Markus...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this study, the ability of Fourier-transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy to trace back the geographical origin of grain maize used as feed material was investigated. 101 milled grain maize samples from five different countries (Spain, Ukraine, Slovakia, Peru and the USA) and three continents were analysed by FT-NIR spec-troscopy. The spectra were used to develop a repeated cross-validated support vector machine classification, optimised in terms of pre-processing, model parameters and wavenumber selection. Spectral regions associated with proteins, starches and lipids were identified as suitable for determining the geographical origin of grain maize. A country-specific model composed of these selected regions achieved a mean accuracy rate of 95% for all samples. A similar overall result for country of origin classification was observed within a two-step approach starting with the continent level and then continuing with the country level within a continent. However, when differentiating between the geographical origins USA, Peru and Europe, all samples could be correctly classified. These results show the high potential of FT-NIR spectroscopy as a fast and cost-effective screening method for continent-and country of origin verification of grain maize samples in the context of feed authentication.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Preservative effect of slightly acid electrolysed water ice generated by the developed sanitising unit on shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

    He, YunXie, ZhangyueXu, YurenZhao, Xue...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ice is widely used for the preservation of perishable seafood but not much effective in killing bacteria. Herein, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of slightly acid electrolysed water (SAEW) ice on the microbial spoilage together with the quality parameters to elucidate the underlying preservative mechanism. The results indicated that SAEW ice exhibited inhibitory activity toward polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and acid phosphatase (ACP) with 55.3% and 61.9% reduction of activity at day 7, respectively, along with less discolouration and the lowest K-value of shrimp. Besides, the growth of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria was retarded by SAEW ice treatment (2.4 and 0.4 log CFU/g reduction, respectively). 16S rDNA-based Illumina sequencing elucidated that SAEW ice efficiently retarded the growth of Proteobacteria. Specifically, the growth of major spoilage genus presented in tap water (TW) ice treated shrimp (Shewanella, Vibrio, and Aeromonas) and NaCl ice treated shrimp (Psychrobacter) was inhibited in SAEW ice treated shrimp, which further led to the smallest increase of putrescine and cadaverine, together with the lowest values of pH and TVB-N during storage. The sensory results indicated that SAEW treatment maintained the quality of shrimp during storage in terms of colour, appearance, and texture. Overall, the SAEW ice exhibited a promising preservative effect on shrimp.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Germicidal efficacy of the pulsed magnetic field against pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in food processing: An overview

    Guo, LinaAzam, S. M. RoknulGuo, YitingLiu, Dandan...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：In addition to excessive use of chemical and physical antiseptics in food, any harmful microorganisms present in food are potentially the cause of food safety issues and even cause foodborne diseases to threaten human health. Thermal processing of food as a conventional sterilization technology has been widely used in the food industry to ensure food safety. However, heat treatment has some inevitable adverse effects on nutrition, flavor, color, texture, and aesthetics of the food products. Therefore, it is necessary to research novel nonthermal, green technologies to minimize the impact of undesirable changes on food, and enhance the inactivation efficiency of microorganisms that can cause foodborne illnesses. This review presents a general perspective of the pulsed magnetic field (PMF) as a novel nonthermal sterilization technology. The operating principle, characteristics, and biological effects on microorganisms of PMF are described. Furthermore, the possible inactivation mechanisms and their application in food processing are also addressed. PMF sterilization is considered to be an effective and efficient microorganism eliminating technology that exerts its germicidal ability by magnetoporation and electromagnetic effects, mainly including induced current effect, Lorentz force effect, oscillation effect, and ionization effect. Compared to thermal treatment, PMF sterilization technique meets the requirements of commercial food sterilization standards without impacting food flavor, taste, and texture. The findings of our review suggest that PMF itself would be beneficial as a bacteria inactivation technique or could be readily combined with other suitable methods. Besides, we recommend conceivable paths to adopt this sustainable technique in the food industry.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mid-infrared spectroscopy: Screening method for analysis of food adulterants in reconstituted skimmed milk powder

    Da Costa Filho, Paulo AugustoChen, YikeCavin, ChristopheGalluzzo, Roberto...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study successfully shows that MilkoScanTM FT1 can be employed as rapid screening technology for detecting sixteen out of twenty-one food adulterants in reconstituted skimmed milk powder. The validation of untargeted fingerprinting method correctly identified 100% of unadulterated samples and 93% of samples adulterated with nitrogen-rich compounds or bulking agents at 5% economical adulteration. Furthermore, this work shows that lactose is a challenging adulterant to be detected by an untargeted screening method because it is naturally present in skimmed milk powder. However, this study showed that specific calibration can be applied to detect addition of lactose in skimmed milk powder. As a result, this method of screening displays a high potential to be employed by various food businesses (such as dairy, confectionary and infant formula, etc.) to rapid screening of raw materials and detect abnormalities, which may be linked to food adulteration or quality defects, ensuring products of better quality and safety to consumers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in food supplements of fish oils, algae oils, and krill oils

    Beekmann, K.Sloot, S. J.Oey, S. B.van Leeuwen, S. P. J....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：2-Monochloropropane-1,3-diol fatty acid esters (2-MCPDE), 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters (3MCPDE), and glycidol fatty acid esters (GE) are known for their occurrence in vegetable oils, but little is known about their occurrence in oils from marine origin which are often consumed for their proportionally high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A total of 52 samples of supplements entirely or partly based on marine oils originating from fish (liver), algae and krill were investigated. The samples were purchased in 2018 and 2020 from stores in the Netherlands and online, and were analyzed by GC-MS/MS. Mean (and median) concentrations of 3MCPDE, 2-MCPDE and GE were 1431 (365), 225 (72) and 261 (140) mu g/kg oil. Highest levels were observed in fish oil, and lowest levels in krill-based oils. Concentrations of 2-MCPDE were on average 5.8 times lower than of 3-MCPDE. Besides some exceptions, concentrations of the analytes were lower in 2020 than in 2018. Several samples from 2018 and one sample from 2020 exceeded the current EU maximum limits. Exposure estimates show that consumption of the supplements contributes to exposure to the process contaminants, but in itself is below the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) established for 3-MCPDE by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This study shows that marine oil supplements are contaminated by these compounds, and efforts should be made by industries to control or even lower the levels.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier