首页期刊导航|Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
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Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
Elsevier Science Publishers
Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science

Elsevier Science Publishers

0016-7061

Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science/Journal Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
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    Impacts of 21-year field warming on soil erodibility in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

    Guo, Zi QiZhou, Hua KunChen, Wen JingWu, Yang...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Terrestrial ecosystems are significantly impacted by global warming. To determine the effects of long-term warming on soil structure and erodibility in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (China), a 21-year field warming experiment was conducted, where the soil response to temperature changes was investigated for two vegetation types (shrubland and grassland). The measured parameters included the fractal dimension (D-v) of aggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), multifractal dimensions of particle size distribution [capacity dimension (D-0), information dimension (D-1), information dimension/capacity dimension ratio (Di/Do), and correlation dimension (D-2)], and soil erodibility value (K). The results show that warming significantly increases the erodibility of the topsoil (0-2 cm). Among them, the larger particles (0.2-2 mm aggregates, sand) decreased, the K factor, D-v, and multifractal dimension (D-0) increased, and the MWD and GMD of the soil aggregates decreased. Long-term warming affected the amounts of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Furthermore, warming weakened microbial activity and led to a reduction in the aboveground biomass of plants. With increasing soil depth, the effect of warming on the erodibility of underlying soil (2-12 cm) gradually weakened. Warming exhibited different effects on the erodibility of the shrubland and grassland because of their different soil aggregates and particle size distributions. These results confirm that long-term warming has obvious soil layering effects on different soil depths. Soil properties, plants, and microorganisms respond to warming and have direct or indirect effects on soil emdibility. The results of this study provide important insights into changes in soil structure and emdibility at high altitudes, especially under global warming.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Annual and seasonal variations in soil volatile organic compound concentrations in a Mediterranean shrubland and holm oak forest

    Mu, ZhaobinAsensio, DoloresLlusia, JoanFilella, Iolanda...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in soil ecology and function and may affect atmospheric chemistry. While previous studies of soil VOCs have predominantly measured surface flux exchange rates, VOC concentrations within the surface soil layer are largely unknown, especially in Mediterranean ecosystems. In this study, we measured seasonal and annual concentrations of soil VOCs in a Mediterranean shrubland and a holm oak forest over the period 2014-2016. Soil CO2 efflux, and soil enzyme and plant activities were measured as explanatory variables of soil VOC concentrations. There were greater total soil VOC concentrations in the shrubland (3.66 +/- 1.01 ppb) than the holm oak forest (2.23 +/- 0.51 ppb) across the study period. There were the greatest concentrations of monoterpenes (0.85 +/- 0.43 ppb) and methanol (0.81 +/- 0.20 ppb) in the shrubland and forest, respectively, and concentrations of methanol, acetic acid, formaldehyde, ethanol, and acetaldehyde were the dominant compounds in both ecosystems (>0.1 ppb). Although concentrations of some VOCs in both ecosystems were highest and lowest in spring and winter, respectively, the variability of other VOCs depended on compound and ecosystem. Soil temperature and water content, CO2 efflux, and enzyme activity were the best explanatory variables for variation in soil VOC concentrations in the two ecosystems: there was a stronger association between concentration of dominant compounds, except formaldehyde, with soil temperature and/or CO2 efflux than with soil water content. Activity of C- and N-degrading enzymes was positively associated with the concentration of VOCs, depending on ecosystem, and consistently correlated with high soil water content. In the holm oak forest soils, net photosynthetic rate (A) was positively correlated with soil concentration of monoterpenes. These results show that soil VOC concentrations in these Mediterranean ecosystems are driven by soil temperature and water content, and microbial activity, in combination with ecosystem plant activity. It is thus likely that projected climate change increases in temperature increase soil VOC concentrations and lead to increases in emissions to the atmosphere; however, microbial production and consumption of soil VOCs may be modulated by soil water content.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Trace metals and metalloids and Ga/Al ratios in grey shale weathering profiles along a climate gradient and in batch reactors

    Richardson, Justin B.Mischenko, Ivan C.Mackowiak, Trevor J.Perdrial, Nicolas...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Shale is an important lithology globally due to its wide spatial abundance and potentially high trace metal and metalloid (TMM) geochemistry, which can be potentially inherited by its overlying soils. Unlike other soils, shale-derived soils inherit organic matter and oxides (Fe and Mn) which promote accumulation and retention of both geogenic and exogeneous TMMs. Here, we explore TMMs in seven grey shales weathering profiles along a north-south transect spanning the western flank of the Appalachian Mountains from New York to Tennessee. Overall, total TMM concentrations in the grey shales and their soils were below concentrations known to be toxic and below concentrations observed in black shales. Tau values show that shale-derived soils are net accumulators of many TMMs (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn) but others (Cr, W, and V) showed a net depletion. Many of the TMMs had high proportions (5-50%) that were sequestered in reducible phases (amorphous and crystalline Fe oxides) but few TMMs were associated with oxidizable phases (organic matter, reduced minerals). Sulfides and oxides (Mn nor Fe) were not detected by X-ray diffraction (<2% g/g). TMM accumulation and release during weathering was not extensively related to climate or soil development/age as we hypothesized, potentially due to localized effects of vegetation, geomorphology, pollution, and physicochemical parameters of the shale. Our laboratory batch reactor experiments indicated that some TMMs had highest release rates under oxic, acidic conditions with organic acids present (Cr, Ga, Sn, Sb, and W) implying aluminosilicate dissolution control or under slightly acidic, reduced conditions (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn), suggesting association with geogenic oxides. Total Ga/Al ratios in rock to soil profiles were not varying significantly across the climate-soil development gradient, despite batch reactor acidic conditions generating low Ga/Al ratios. This implies weathering of shales is dominated by processes that do not fractionate Ga/Al ratio (organic or inorganic colloid production) as our laboratory results suggests oxic, acidic aluminosilicate weathering should generate a high Ga/Al solid phase.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    How water connectivity and substrate supply shape the turnover of organic matter - Insights from simulations at the scale of microaggregates

    Zech, SimonRitschel, ThomasRay, NadjaTotsche, Kai Uwe...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Microaggregates are hot spots of microbial activity at a scale that frequently poses a severe experimental challenge or defies a direct observation. Mathematical models that combine the mechanisms of spatially resolved organic matter transport with the processes of organic matter turnover can facilitate the understanding of soil microbial dynamics and the function of soils at these scales.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Nitrogen and phosphorus availability have stronger effects on gross and net nitrogen mineralisation than wheat rhizodeposition

    Bicharanloo, BaharehShirvan, Milad BagheriKeitel, ClaudiaDijkstra, Feike A....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil nitrogen (N) availability is determined by microbial gross N mineralisation (GNM) and immobilisation, where net N mineralisation (NNM) represents their balance. Plants provide a substantial amount of their photosynthesized C belowground into the soil as rhizodeposition, which can stimulate microbial activity affecting GNM and NNM, but this activity also depends on soil N and phosphorus (P) availability. We examined how N (25 and 100 kg N ha(-1) or 44 and 177 mg N pot(-1 )) and P (10 and 40 kg P ha(-1), or 18 and 71 mg P pot(-1)) fertilisation affected microbial N mineralisation in soil planted with two wheat genotypes (Suntop and 249) varying in root biomass and rhizodeposition. We used a continuous (CO2)-C-13 labelling method to track plant C rhizodeposition and a N-15 pool dilution technique to investigate GNM. We further assessed NNM by comparing N pools in plant and soil at the start and end of the experiment. We observed increased GNM with increased P fertilisation, likely because of P-induced N limitation stimulating microbial mining for N, particularly at the low level of N fertilisation. N fertilisation did not affect GNM but the higher level of N fertilisation reduced NNM, likely because of increased microbial immobilisation of fertiliser N. Our results suggest that GNM was more sensitive to soil N and P availability than to rhizodeposition between wheat genotypes, although at high N fertilisation, rhizodeposition contributed to reduced NNM, likely because rhizodeposition enhanced microbial N immobilisation. We conclude that the relative availability of N and P in soil should be considered for managing GNM and NNM in soil.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Can application of liquid dairy manure onto no-tillage oxisols reduce runoff, sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen losses over 9 years of natural rainfall?

    Favaretto, NerildeCherobim, Verediana FernandaSilveira, Fabiana de MedeirosTimofiecsyk, Adriana...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The objective of this study was to explore the effects of long-term (9 years) application of liquid dairy manure (LDM) on runoff, sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen losses in two Oxisols with sandy clay loam or clayey textures under no-tillage and natural rainfall. Treatments were LDM rates of 0, 60, 120, and 180 m(3) ha(-1) year(-1) randomized in a complete block design with four replications. Manure was applied onto a mulch cover and split into winter application, after black oat or wheat sowing, and summer application, after soybean or maize sowing. Runoff was sampled and analysed after each rainfall event for 9 years. Rainfall events which led to runoff were separated into three classes: <35 mm day(-1), 35-50 mm day(-1), and >50 mm day(-1). Application of LDM increased the concentration of nutrients in the runoff, but overall reduced the runoff volume and therefore losses of sediment, dissolved reactive phosphorus, ammonium, and nitrate by on average 34% in the sandy clay loam soil and 56% in the clayey soil, at the most effective rate of 120 m(3) ha(-1) year(-1) Effects of LDM application on reducing runoff was also more evident in summer season and for rainfall events <35 mm day(-1). In practical terms, we would recommend application of LDM up to rate of 120 m(3) ha(-1) year(-1 )to promote agronomic and environmental benefits. Although LDM applied in no-tillage system reduced water, sediment, and nutrients losses, complementary practices must be adopted to prevent the surface runoff from reaching the aquatic system.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Achieving joint calibration of soil Vis-NIR spectra across instruments, soil types and properties by an attention-based spectra encoding-spectra/property decoding architecture

    Lei, TongSun, Da-Wen
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Due to the differences in instruments and measurement methods, soil visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectral data collected worldwide cannot be combined to provide consistent calibration models, reducing the benefit of producing soil spectra libraries. We propose an attention-based spectra encoding-spectra/property decoding model for soil Vis-NIR spectral analysis to solve this problem. By introducing the attention mechanism, the model can use the same parameters to achieve a joint calibration regardless of the length of the input spectral data and the type of soil samples. The model design pays attention to wavelengths combination, which accords to the essence of Vis-NIR analysis. Three datasets, including the LUCAS, Brazilian, and Kenyan datasets, were used to train and test the attention model. An alternative convolution neural network (CNN) encoding architecture that allows joint calibration was also introduced. Comparing with conventional partial least squares regression (PLSR) and CNN encoding model, the present attention model obtained the best results on all three datasets. This is the first time that an attention-based model has been applied to soil Vis-NIR spectra analysis. The model can process spectra data with different sizes and focus on the relation between different wavelengths, providing a joint calibration. It has the potential to become a "one model for all" in soil Vis-NIR spectra research.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of biochar application on freezing-thawing deformation of farmland soil during freeze-thaw cycling

    Zuo, YutianMeng, FanxiangLi, TianxiaoFu, Qiang...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Freezing-thawing deformation is a common phenomenon in seasonal frozen soil areas. Based on indoor simulation experiments, the effects of biochar application amounts (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) on freezing-thawing deformation characteristics and the response relationships with soil properties were studied. The results showed that (1) the essence of freezing-thawing deformation is the transformation of soil pore sizes from small to large. The biochar application reduced the transformation range and rate, significantly increased the soil total porosity, promoted thaw settlement and restrained frost heaving. In addition, with increasing numbers of freeze-thaw cycles, the soil total porosity increased with low application amounts (0% and 1%) but decreased with high application amounts (2% and 3%). (2) Freeze-thaw cycling reduced the soil aggregate stability, and the application of an appropriate amount of biochar alleviated the decreasing trend, increased the stability of aggregates, reduced the proportion of silt and clay (<0.106 mm), and inhibited soil freezing-thawing deformation. (3) With increasing biochar application amounts, upward water migration and the decrease in organic matter content caused by freeze-thaw cycling gradually weakened, and the organic matter content increased significantly, inhibiting soil freezing-thawing deformation. (4) With increasing numbers of freeze-thaw cycles, the application of biochar caused secondary collapse to occur earlier, and a significant frost heave phenomenon was observed after obvious thaw settlement of soil columns with high biochar application amounts (2% and 3%). With increasing biochar application amounts, the characteristics of soil freezing-thawing deformation changed from frost heaving to thaw settlement, and an appropriate biochar application amount inhibited soil freezing-thawing deformation. Considering the soil properties and freezing-thawing deformation characteristics, 1% was suggested as the most suitable biochar application amount for farmland black soil.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Temporal dynamics of dryland soil CO2 efflux using high-frequency measurements: Patterns and dominant drivers among biocrust types, vegetation and bare soil

    Rodriguez-Caballero, EmilioSanchez-Canete, Enrique P.Domingo, FranciscoCanton, Yolanda...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil respiration is an important component of the carbon (C) cycle and a major contributor to total ecosystem C efflux. Knowledge of the factors that drive soil respiration in drylands is limited, despite these regions represent more than 40% of the Earth land's surface. In these environments, biocrusts play an important role in CO2 exchange towards and from soils. However, the temporal dynamics and main drivers of CO2 efflux in biocrusts compared to other representative dryland covers such as bare soil and soil under perennial grasses, has not been fully investigated. In this study, we measured the soil CO2 molar fraction (chi(c)) at 2 and 5 cm depths in representative surface covers (cyanobacteria and lichen dominated biocrusts, soil under the alpha grass Macrochloa tenacissima and bare soil) from a semiarid area in SE Spain (Tabernas desert, Almeria) using small solid-state CO2 sensors, during one hydrological year. We determined the CO2 efflux (F-s) from the 0 to 5 cm soil profile using the gradient method. Our results show that soil chi(c) and F-s were low in all surface covers (on average, 464 ppm at 5 cm) during dry soil periods (soil moisture <0.05 m(3) m(-3)). chi(c) and subsequent F-s rapidly increased after rainfall, and showed the highest values in the soil under grass (M. tenacissima) and lichen biocrusts. Time series analysis of F-s allowed identifying periodic patterns in F-s strongly related to moisture and temperature periodicities. Moisture was the main driver for F-s on timescales of weeks and months, while temperature was the main driver on daily scales. Moisture exerted a greater influence on F-s in lichen and soil under grass, while temperature had a greater effect on F-s in cyanobacteria and bare soil. Estimated annual CO2 efflux was 633 g CO2 m(-2) y(-1) in the soil under M. tenacissima, 450 g CO2 m(-2) y(-1) in the lichen biocrust, 268 g CO2 m(-2) y(-1) in the cyanobacterial biocrust and 188 g CO2 m(-2) y(-1) in the bare soil. On the whole, we demonstrate the suitability of automated F-s measurements for characterising rapid changes in C efflux from dryland surfaces due to changing environmental conditions, which can help improve C predictions in drylands under current climate change.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Large scale mapping of soil organic carbon concentration with 3D machine learning and satellite observations

    Sothe, CamileGonsamo, AlemuArabian, JoyceSnider, James...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Canada has extensive forests and peatlands that play key roles in global carbon cycle. Canadian soils and peatlands are assumed to store approximately 20% of the world's soil carbon stock. However, the spatial and vertical distributions of the soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration in Canada have not been systematically investigated. SOC concentration, expressed in g C KG(-1) soil, affects the chemical and physical properties of the soil, such as water infiltration ability, moisture holding capacity, nutrient availability, and the biological activity of microorganisms. In this study, we tested a three dimensional (3D) machine learning approach and 40 spatial predictors derived from 20 years of optical and microwave satellite observations to estimate the spatial and vertical distributions of SOC concentration in Canada in six depth intervals up to 1 m. A quantile regression forest method was used to build an uncertainty map showing 80% of prediction intervals. Results showed that a random forest model associated with 25 covariates was successful in capturing 83% of spatial and vertical SOC variation over the country. Soil depth was the most important covariate to predict SOC concentration, followed by surface temperature and elevation. The SOC concentration in forested areas was highest in the top layers (0-5 cm), but soils located in peatlands showed higher C concentration in all soil depths. Among the terrestrial ecozones of Canada, Pacific Maritime and the Hudson Plain mostly covered by forest trees and peatlands, respectively, show highest SOC concentration, while the lowest concentration are observed in the Prairies and Mixed Wood Plain ecosystems that are the agricultural areas of the country. This study provides a deeper understanding of the major factors controlling SOC concentration in Canada and shows potential areas with high carbon reserves, which are crucial in view of the ongoing climate change. In addition, the presented methodological framework has great potential to be used in future soil carbon storage inventories using satellite observations. Mapping SOC concentration and associated uncertainties in Canada are fundamental to detect trends of gains or losses in SOC linked to recent and future national or global policy decisions related to soil quality and carbon sequestration.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier