首页期刊导航|Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
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Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
Elsevier Science Publishers
Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science

Elsevier Science Publishers

0016-7061

Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science/Journal Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
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    Dynamic aeolian erosion evaluation and ecological service assessment in Inner Mongolia, northern China

    Dai, YujieTian, LuoZhu, PingzongDong, Zhi...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：The spatiotemporal distribution and dynamic processes of aeolian erosion and desertification along with their ecological service assessments are still not clearly known at a regional scale, nor are the effects of wind force and topography upon soil losses. Inner Mongolia, China, is a typical and fragile region prone to severe and perennial aeolian erosion and desertification. Here we employed the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) to evaluate the aeolian erosion modulus (SL, kg m(-2) yr(-1)) from 2010 through 2018 at the regional scale, in addition to determining and categorizing the erosion intensity according to standards of the Ministry of Water Resources of China (2007). We combined the erosion intensity with a gravity center migration model to delineate the migration path and extent of aeolian erosion, and then integrated the soil retention rate (F, %) in a trend analysis to clarify the variation in soil conservation. To quantify the effects of wind force (wf, dimensionless) and topography elevation (H, m) upon SL, the line constraint method was applied, while the aeolian desertification index (ADI, dimensionless) was used to quantify the magnitude of variation in desertification. The SL was constrained by the quadratic function of H, in that maxima for SL occurred at c. 1300 m, yet it was constrained by the power function of wf. Over time, the gravity center of tolerable erosion intensity underwent the most pronounced migration, followed by that for slight, severe, and moderate intensities. The F values declined from east to west Inner Mongolia, with a trend of maximum and mean F both increasing prior to 2015 yet decreasing afterwards. Correspondingly, ADI decreased prior to 2016 but increased afterwards. These findings clarify our understanding of the dynamic spatiotemporal distribution of aeolian erosion and intensity, and are valuable for guiding decision applications in sustainable development and soil conservation at regional scales.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Phosphorus abundance and speciation in acid forest Podzols - Effect of postglacial weathering

    Tuyishime, J. R. MariusAdediran, Gbotemi A.Olsson, Bengt A.Spohn, Marie...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：The molecular speciation of phosphorus (P) in forest soils is of strategic importance for sustainable forest management. However, only limited information exists about soil P speciation in boreal forests. We combined P K-edge XANES spectroscopy, wet chemical P extractions, and X-ray diffraction analysis of soil minerals to investigate the vertical distribution of P species in seven podzolised forest soils differing in soil properties and climatic conditions. The results showed that the total P stock was on average, 4.0 g m(-2) in the Oe horizon, 9.5 g m(-2) in the A and E horizons, and substantially higher (117.5 g m(-2), and 109.3 g m(-2)) in the B and C horizons down to 80 cm depth, respectively. Although the Oe horizons contain a minor total P stock, 87% of it was stored as organic P. The composition of P species in the P-depleted A/E horizons was highly variable depending on the site. However, of the P stored in B and C horizons down to 80 cm, 58% was adsorbed P, mostly to Al, while apatite accounted for 25% of P, most of which was found in the C horizons. The apatite stocks in the A/E, B, and C horizons (down to 80 cm) accounted for 2.5%, 20%, and 77.2%, respectively, of the total apatite for all the mineral soils studied. These figures can be explained, first, by the dissolution of primary mineral apatite caused mainly by acidification. Second, P uptake by plants and microorganisms, and the associated formation of the Oe horizons, led to the formation of soil organic P. Further, the formation of organo-metal complexes and podzolization led to the translocation of P to the B horizons, where P accumulated mostly as P adsorbed to imogolite-type materials (e.g. allophane) and ferrihydrite, as shown by P K-edge XANES spectroscopy. In conclusion, this study shows that despite the young age of these soils (<15,000 years), most of the primary mineral apatite in the upper 30 cm has been transformed into organic P, and Fe-, Al-bound PO 4 . Moreover, the subsoil P, mainly consisting of adsorbed P to Al, and apatite, dominates the P inventory and probably serves as a long-term buffer of P.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Determination of the representative elementary area (REA) of biocrusts: A case study from the Hilly Loess Plateau region, China

    Liu, BaoyuanZhao, YungeGao, LiqianYin, Bing...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are mixed communities of cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses in different ratios, contributing to important ecological functions in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. Biocrusts are spatially variable, and the variability in biocrust composition and coverage is scale-dependent. The following question can then be asked: What is the appropriate spatial scale for observing ecological functions? Without clarifying this issue, we cannot fully understand the ecological functions of biocrusts. The key to answering this question is to determine a threshold area, or representative elementary area (REA). Accordingly, we analyzed red-green-blue (RGB) images of 90 biocrust plots (2.0 m x 2.0 m) from nine revegetated grasslands in the Hilly Loess Plateau region of China. The variability in biocrust composition and coverage across the plot sizes was studied by gradually expanding the plot size from 0.01 m(2) to 4.00 m(2). The results showed that as the plot sizes increased from 0.01 m(2) to 4.00 m(2), the number of biocrust types logarithmically increased. Biocrust patches of a particular type (such as moss, cyanobacteria or lichen) were often characteristic of a plot size of 0.01 m(2), whereas plot sizes larger than 0.25 m(2) supported mixed biocrusts of multiple patch types. The variability in coverage of mixed biocrusts logarithmically decreased with increasing plot sizes. The coverage of mixed biocrusts maintained an approximately constant value after a certain critical plot size was reached (1.00 m(2 )in this study). Our data indicated that REAs of mixed biocrusts exist at the slope scale. The REAs of mixed biocrusts were 0.5-1.0 m(2), 1.5-2.5 m(2) and 3.0-3.8 m(2), with alpha (alpha) values of 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. The size of the REAs on the north-facing slope was larger than that on the south-facing slope, and the patch density of biocrusts had an important influence on the REAs. The results of this study could provide a method for determining the REAs of mixed biocrusts and guide surveys and experimental layouts.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biogeochemical cycling of zinc in soil-cassava cropping system in Thailand

    Aramrak, SurachetChittamart, NatthapolWisawapipat, WorachartLeksungnoen, Parapond...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Interminable plant production with negligent management might lead to zinc (Zn) depletion in soils, which could induce a Zn deficit in staple foods and cause human Zn malnutrition in many of the least-developed countries. Knowledge of the Zn pool and balance in soil-cassava systems is unclear and requires a detailed investigation. Herein, we examined Zn mass inputs (weathering and manure) and output (harvest crop) from 34 locations of cassava-grown soils in Thailand. The results revealed that the median available Zn concentration (0.47 mg kg(-1)) of the studied soils was below the critical Zn requirement for cassava production. The total Zn stock in the soils varied considerably from 9.0 to 633 kg Zn ha(-1), only 1% of which was identified as the available pool, and the rest of the fraction was considered as the reserved pool. Strong linear relationships (R-2 > 0.61-0.90) of total Zn concentration with clay, organic matter, and total Fe concentration suggested that phyllosilicate, organic matter, and Fe oxyhydroxides were the primary hosts for Zn in the soils. Belowground biomass (70% of the total biomass) was the most abundant biomass fraction, whereas 88% of the total Zn uptake accumulated in the aboveground biomass. The Zn output from the biomass harvest was 61-642 g Zn ha(-1) yr(-1), corresponding to only 0.10% of the total soil Zn stock. Most locations (91% of the studied sites) received Zn input solely from mineral weathering (0.014-0.975 g Zn ha(-1) yr(-1)) without Zn fertilizer and manure additions, causing net Zn depletions (-642 to -61 g Zn ha(-1) yr(-1)). A few locations had net Zn accumulations (+123 to + 1,971 g Zn ha(-1) yr(-1)) caused by animal manure additions. Without the manure additions, the total Zn stock was estimated to decline by only 1% of the total current Zn stock within the next 10 years, whereas the manure additions would enhance the total Zn stock by 0.26-7.68%. This study highlighted that the Zn input from weathering is meager for cassava production. Combined Zn fertilizer and organic manure are urgently required to resupply and replenish readily available Zn pools and to promote the total Zn stock for sustaining long-term crop production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Rainfed agriculture and firewood extraction modify differently the taxonomic and functional structure of biocrusts in a tropical semiarid region

    Sosa-Quintero, JessicaLucia Camargo-Ricalde, Sarade Los Angeles Herrera-Campos, MariaGodinez-Alvarez, Hector...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：In temperate arid regions, livestock production and irrigation agriculture are known to alter the taxonomic and functional structure of biocrusts. However, the effect of land use on biocrusts has not been evaluated in tropical semiarid regions. This study evaluated the effect of rainfed agriculture and firewood extraction on the taxonomic and functional structure of biocrusts in a tropical semiarid region of Central Mexico. We collected biocrusts in sites of rainfed agriculture and firewood extraction to identify species by morphology and then, to count the number of species and to estimate the cover of total biocrust, taxonomic groups (cyanobacteria, lichens, and bryophytes), and functional groups (cyanobacteria with and without heterocysts, chlorolichens, cyanolichens, and bryophytes). In addition, we analyzed the relationship between the cover of total biocrust, taxonomic, and functional groups, and vegetation and soil traits of sites of rainfed agriculture and firewood extraction. In sites of rainfed agriculture, biocrusts had 14-18 species, with 50-70% cover, and were dominated by cyanobacteria with hetemcysts. Biocrusts were associated with high bare soil cover and compact soil with a high pH. In sites of firewood extraction, biocrusts had 23-29 species, with 70-90% cover, and were dominated by cyanolichens and bryophytes. Biocrusts were associated with soils with high infiltration and nutrient content. These differences suggest that rainfed agriculture has negative effects on biocrusts, similar to the effects of livestock production and irrigation agriculture in temperate arid regions. In comparison to rainfed agriculture, firewood extraction had less detrimental effects on biocrusts.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of nitrogen addition and precipitation alteration on soil respiration and its components in a saline-alkaline grassland

    Diao, HuajieChen, XiaopengZhao, XiangDong, Kuanhu...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The responses of soil total respiration (R-s) and its components (soil autotrophic respiration (R-a) and heterotrophic respiration (R-h)) to nitrogen (N) deposition have been widely evaluated in non-saline-alkaline grasslands. However, their responses to N addition under drought and wet conditions, especially in saline-alkaline grasslands, remain unclear. A two-factorial experiment involving N addition and precipitation changes (decreased or increased 50% precipitation relative to ambient) was conducted in a saline-alkaline grassland of Northern China, while soil respiration was measured in different treatment plots during two growing seasons (2018, 2019). Results showed that the addition of N or changes in precipitation alone had no significant effect on R-s, R-a or R-h in both years because root productivity and soil microbial biomass were not affected. However, N addition with increased precipitation synergistically augmented seasonal mean R-s and R-a by 25.7% and 46.8% in 2018, and by 42.4% and 89.3% in 2019, respectively, owing to the increase in plant productivity. The variation in R-a primarily contributed to variation in R-s, and the effect size of N addition on R-s and R-a were increased with precipitation. In addition, a structural equation model showed that the response of soil respiration to N addition and precipitation changes was regulated by soil salinization, in which the R-a was regulated by soil based cations while R-h was controlled by soil pH values. Our study highlights that N addition with increased precipitation preferentially affects plants rather than microorganisms, and that R-h was not sensitive to N addition and precipitation changes in saline-alkaline grassland.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Conversion of Brazilian savannah to agricultural land affects quantity and quality of labile soil organic matter

    Santos, Rafael S.Wiesmeier, MartinOliveira, Dener M. S.Locatelli, Jorge L....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Most studies assessing land-use change (LUC) and management impacts on the soil organic carbon (SOC) budget mainly focused on total soil organic matter (SOM), neglecting its functional fractions such as water-extractable organic matter (WEOM). This may limit a better understanding of SOC dynamics along the soil profile as WEOM plays a key role in several soil and microbial processes. Here, we aimed to obtain a quantitative and qualitative assessment of WEOM dynamics to 1 m depth in areas after native vegetation conversion to long-term agriculture in Brazil. For this purpose, cropland areas under no-tillage (NT; similar to 23 years old) and native vegetation (NV; i.e., Cerrado vegetation) were evaluated across a transect of 1000 km within Brazil's new agricultural frontier - the so-called MATOPIBA region. We combined spectroscopic analyses (UV-Vis and DRIFT spectroscopies), C and nitrogen (N) determination in different SOM pools (i.e., bulk SOM, WEOM, and microbial biomass), and microbial measurements [e.g., microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), and p-glucosidase activity] to better understand changes in WEOM dynamics induced by LUC. We observed that although SOC decreased along the soil profile after NV (4.2-20.7 g kg(-1)) conversion to NT (3.8-14.2 g kg(-1)), water-extractable organic C levels (3.6-79.3 mg L-1) were similar between land uses. On the other hand, an increase in water-extractable total N was observed after NV (0.4-4.6 mg L-1) conversion to NT (0.5-19.3 mg L-1). Although MBC and MBN levels decreased for most study sites, beta-glucosidase activity increased after LUC indicating intensive microbial processing of SOM. As a result, WEOM had lower aromaticity and molecular weight (i.e., low values of SUVA254 and A2/A3) in NT than NV; and a relative decomposition of aliphatic and polysaccharides over aromatic and amine/amide was observed after LUC through DRIFT spectroscopy. Our study indicates that LUC had stronger impacts on WEOM quality than its quantity, with agricultural areas having more biochemical changes in WEOM than NV.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Hybrid modelling of saturated water flow in percolating and non-percolating macroporous soil media

    Hsu, Shao-YiuChang, Liang-ChengGackiewicz, BartlomiejLamorski, Krzysztof...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：The saturated water flow phenomenon is determined by the soil pore transport processes occurring at a microscale. In this study, saturated water flow was modeled using two different approaches, depending on the existence of the percolating macropore network. The soil material comprised 26 undisturbed soil cores. Soil samples were scanned using an X-ray micro-CT scanner, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), bulk density and particle size distribution were measured. The voxel size for X-ray CT scans of soil cores was 23.6 mu m, which allowed soil macropore network discrimination. The macropore network was percolating in 11 samples, while the remaining cores were not. A typical approach based on Navier-Stokes (NS) equations was used for saturated water flow modeling in the case of a percolating samples. In the case of cores with a non-percolating macropore network, the NS modeling approach could not be used. An alternative method of modeling (NS/Darcy) was used in this case, blending: regular NS flow in the well-defined macropores with the Darcy-Forchheimer flow in the remaining part - the soil matrix. Soil matrix is treated by the NS/Darcy model as a pore medium without welldefined pore geometry but with some intrinsic permeability incorporated in the model using the Darcy-Forchheimer equation. Unlike the NS approach, the NS/Darcy model allowed for the simulation of water flow for all soil samples, including those where the macropore network was not percolating. Based on simulations, the Ksat was estimated used for model validation. The analysis of results leads to the proposal of a new hybrid modeling approach, mixing the NS and NS/Darcy modeling approaches. A good estimation of the Ksat was obtained using the proposed model (R-2 = 0.61). The NS/Darcy modeling approach was used for the analysis of the macropore flow in the soil media. The simulations show that water permeates through the core, but macropores are a favorable flow path if they exist, even if they are not directly connected to each other. The areas of the soil cores taking part in the preferential, macropore flow were quantified, showing that only a small fraction of the macropores take part in water flow both for percolating and non-percolating cores. But generally, for most of the analyzed flow-related indices, apparent differences in results between percolating and non-percolating samples were observed. Effective flow area (EFA), i.e., the sample area used for water flow with a velocity higher than the threshold velocity (U-tr) was analyzed. Considering the macropore flow, only similar to 2% of sample volume is responsible for: 82% of the total flux in case of percolated and 34% in case of non-percolated samples. Also, for non-percolated samples, the dependence (R-2 = 0.44) between relative flux participation and the effective flow area is observed. The simulation results for the non-percolating samples revealed the relationship between the simulated saturated conductivity of the whole soil sample and the saturated conductivity of the soil matrix and macroporosity. This allowed for developing a simple multiple linear regression model (R-2 = 0.98) of the soil core's hydraulic conductivity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of climate change and land use intensification on regional biological soil crust cover and composition in southern Africa

    Rodriguez-Caballero, EmilioReyes, AndresKratz, AlexandraCaesar, Jennifer...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) form a regular and relevant feature in drylands, as they stabilize the soil, fix nutrients, and influence water cycling. However, biocrust forming organisms have been shown to be dramatically vulnerable to climate and land use change occurring in these regions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Anthropogenic and climatic shaping of soil nitrogen properties across urban-rural-natural forests in the Beijing metropolitan region

    Du, EnzaiXia, NanTang, YangGuo, Zhaodi...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Global urbanization has profoundly altered regional biogeochemical cycles across urban-rural-natural continuums. A better insight in the changes in soil nitrogen (N) properties across urban-rural-natural forests sheds lights on the impacts of urbanization on regional N cycles and ecological consequences. Based on a systematic survey in forest patches of twenty parks across the urban-rural-natural gradients in the Beijing metropolitan region, China, we analyzed the spatial variations of three soil N properties (i.e., total N, alkali-hydrolyzable N, and delta N-15) and their potential drivers that are indicative for anthropogenic N sources (trunk road density for traffic N emissions; cropland share for agricultural N emissions), climate conditions (mean annual temperature, MAT; mean annual precipitation, MAP), forest conditions (forest coverage and the number of common tree species) and time for soil N accumulation since park establishment (park age). Soil total N concentration, alkali-hydrolyzable N concentration and delta N-15 values in the surface (0-10 cm) and subsurface layers (10-20 cm) all showed a decrease up to 40 km (i.e., the urban fertile island phenomenon) from the urban core and then an increase to values in pen-urban natural forests as high as those in urban forests. The spatial variations of the surface and subsurface soil total N concentrations and alkali-hydrolyzable N concentrations were, respectively, mainly and exclusively explained by park age, while trunk mad density, MAP and MAT played a less important role in regulating the soil N variation in the surface layer. The spatial variations of the surface and subsurface soil delta N-15 values were respectively, mainly, and exclusively controlled by cropland share, while park age and MAP played a limited role in regulating the soil delta N-15 variation in the surface layer but not in the subsurface layer. Our findings reveal the way in which anthropogenic and climatic drivers shape soil N properties across the urbanrural-natural forests.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier