首页期刊导航|Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
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Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
Elsevier Science Publishers
Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science

Elsevier Science Publishers

0016-7061

Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science/Journal Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
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    Impact of calcareous concretions on soil shrinkage of a Vertisol and their relation model development

    Chen, Y. M.Zhang, Z. B.Guo, Z. C.Gao, L....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Shajiang black soil (Vertisol) has a high shrinkage capacity and contains many calcareous concretions (CC). We assume the volume of CC to be rigid during wetting and drying cycles. Thus, the soil containing CC may have different shrinkage behavior from that of fine soils (without CC). We aimed to quantify the effects of CC content and size on soil shrinkage behavior, as well as to develop a model to characterize the relationship among the void ratio (e), moisture ratio (upsilon), and solid volume of CC (Csv) in Shajiang black soil. Four different sizes (2-5, 5-10, 10-20 and, 20-30 mm) of the CC at a rate of 10% on mass, and four different contents (0, 5%, 10%, and 20% on mass) of 5-10 mm CCs were mixed into the fine soils to prepare the CC-soil mixtures. Our results showed that the increasing CC content significantly reduced the saturated void ratio (es), coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE), and shrinkage index of all pores except the medium pores (P < 0.05), but the CC size did not. The shrinkage curves of the CC-soil mixtures were proportional to that of the fine soil, which was modified by the portion of CC volume in the CC-soil mixtures. We proposed a new numerical equation based on Peng and Horn shrinkage model (2005) to illustrate the relationship among e- upsilon -Csv. The shrinkage curve of the CC-soil mixture was predicted well (R2 = 0.95-0.98) by the new model based on that of fine soil and the CC volume modification. However, the proposed model underestimated the volume change for the dry side of the shrinkage curve, in which the swelling and shrinkage of fine soil matrix among CCs were partially concealed. Our work demonstrates that the CC in the Shajiang black soil does not change soil shrinkage behavior except the modification of void ratio, and thus its shrinkage curve can be estimated from that of the non-CC soil. It can be concluded that this study provides a useful model for estimating the shrinkage behavior of soils containing rigid coarse inclusions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Analysis of gully erosion susceptibility and spatial modelling using a GIS-based approach

    Wei, YujieLiu, ZhengZhang, YongCui, Tingting...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Gully erosion, a dominant limiting factor in promoting ecosystem services and functions, is caused by a wide range of geo-environmental factors. However, limited information is available on the gully erosion mechanisms at a regional scale. Herein, susceptibility of a particular type of large-scale gullies across southern China were analyzed based on the 2005 National Survey on Soil and Water Loss. Specifically, frequency ratio model was used to determine the thresholds of 18 geo-environmental factors, including topography (elevation, slope gradient, slope aspect, slope length, hypsometric integral), distance from primary and tertiary rivers, climate (average annual temperature, precipitation, and rainfall erosivity), lithology, soil texture, soil moisture, vegetation index (NDVI, FVC, and EVI), as well as human activity (LULC and population density), followed by evaluating their relative importance by Boruta algorithm, and modelling the gully susceptibility modelling by random forest. The gully susceptibility was showed to be determined by comprehensive effect of all the 18 factors, with the top three important factors including average annual precipitation (9.97%), rainfall erosivity (9.60%), and distance from primary rivers (9.43%), whose thresholds were 1701 - 1872 mm, 5967 - 15676 MJ center dot mm center dot(ha center dot h center dot a)-1, and 20000 - 50000 m, respectively. Moreover, the random forest model with its AUC value ranging from 0.96 to 0.99 performed excellently in the spatial modelling of gully susceptibility. Collectively, the very low, low, moderate, and high susceptibility to these gullies occupied 65.30%, 21.36, 10.61% and 2.73% of southern China, in which the moderate and high susceptibility level were mainly clustered in and around Guangdong Province.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Rapid remediation of sandy sulfuric subsoils using straw-derived dissolved organic matter

    Kolbl, AngelikaKaiser, KlausThompson, AaronMosley, Luke...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：When acid sulfate soils dry, oxidation of pyrite can cause acidification and formation of iron (Fe) oxyhydroxy sulfate phases such as jarosite. Remediation via re-establishment of reducing conditions requires submergence and addition of biodegradable organic carbon (OC) to stimulate activity of reducing bacteria. Addition of fresh plant litter has been shown to activate reducing bacteria, likely due to the release of readily available soluble organic matter. However, the effectiveness of soluble organic matter from plant residues has not been tested yet. Here, we tested the potential of wheat straw-derived dissolved OC (DOC) for remediation of a sandy sulfuric (pH < 4) soil. In a second set of experiments, we used combinations of wheat straw-derived DOC with lactate, which is a preferred substrate of sulfate reducing bacteria. All incubation experiments were conducted in the dark at 20 <degrees>C. The results showed that addition of DOC from wheat straw induces reduction reactions and rapidly increases the pH by 2-3 units after 3 weeks of incubation under submerged conditions. Mo center dot ssbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed that jarosite was lost after 200 days of anoxic incubation. Short range-ordered FeIII oxyhydroxides were formed, most likely by FeII-catalysed transformation of jarosite. A second addition of DOC, as well as the addition of lactate, resulted in the almost complete loss of jarosite with increased proportions of FeIII oxyhydroxides in the remaining solids, but not in the formation of FeII sulfides. The formation of FeIII oxyhydroxides reduces the risk of both Fe leaching and renewed acidification in the event of future oxidation. The results suggest that deep injection of wheat straw-derived DOC is a promising approach for rapid and sustainable remediation of sandy sulfuric subsoils.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Accessing and assessing legacy soil information, an example from two provinces of Zambia

    Mukumbuta, I.Chabala, L. M.Sichinga, S.Lark, R. M....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil information is essential for agricultural research and development. In developing countries like Zambia, the availability of soil information is limited by the cost of new soil surveys. Legacy soil information could be useful to fill this gap. This study evaluated the availability of legacy soil information in Southern and Eastern Provinces of Zambia. We also examined the survey scales, legends, boundary density and map texture. We examined a number of exemplar transects undertaken by C.G. Trapnell from 1932 to 1942 in the region, evaluating the information provided on soil, vegetation, landscape and farming systems. An overview of this legacy was presented to a workshop of varied stakeholders in Lusaka, and their opinions on its utility were elicited. More than 60% of large-scale surveys known to have been conducted in the two provinces could not be traced and among those traced some map-sheets were not available. Most of the survey reports exist as hard copies and some are in poor condition, while only 7 are available online on the ISRIC website as scanned copies. The map scale and texture were not entirely consistent with general expectations, with map texture consistent with a smaller publication scale in assessed map-sheets. Stakeholders regarded the legacy information as a valuable resource, despite some limitations, suggesting that some of its features could usefully be reproduced in modern soil information. The holistic assessment provided for soil map units may be more accessible than single-property maps. Accessibility and understanding of soil information is seen as a limitation. There is an urgent need to preserve the legacy soil survey reports and maps that are still available in Zambia, and in other countries. This entails physical preservation of material, making it available, and studying it closely with current and retired soil surveyors to preserve their recollection of how it was produced and their understanding of how it should be interpreted. The preservation should include scanning of hardcopy reports and storage in national, regional, and global soil survey data hubs with links provided for easy access. Stakeholder enthusiasm for the format of legacy soil surveys suggests that renewed systematic soils surveys would be valuable.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mechanism of snowmelt infiltration coupled with salt transport in soil amended with carbon-based materials in seasonally frozen areas

    Hou, RenjieQi, ZhongyingLi, TianxiaoFu, Qiang...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：In midlatitude seasonally frozen areas, the freeze-thaw cycle affects the movement of soil water, which increases the uncertainty in salt transport and aggravates the risk of soil salinization. Based on this, a two-year field study was established on the Songnen Plain, a seasonally frozen area in northern China. Four treatments were set up: (i) control, (ii) corn stover, (iii) biochar, and (iv) combined (joint application of biochar and corn stover). The modified soil underwent seasonal freeze-thaw cycling, accompanied by the evaporation and infiltration of snowmelt water, and the soil salt migration and diffusion characteristics were determined. Both biochar and corn stover regulated the pore structure of the soil and enhanced the infiltration capacity of snowmelt water; notably, the maximum soil moisture contents in the corn stover, biochar and combined treatments increased by 9.33%, 22.12% and 16.37%, respectively, compared with that in the control group. However, biochar with abundant functional groups increased the cation exchange capacity and promoted the migration of salt ions (i.e., Na+, K+ and Cl), and the surface soil salt content in the biochar treatment was 0.12-0.53 g/kg lower than that for the other three modes during the infiltration period. Additionally, soil water evaporation carried salts upwards, which greatly increased the salt content of the surface soil. Conversely, biochar presented a strong water-holding capacity, which reduced the ineffective evaporation of soil water, while stover acted as a barrier to hinder the return of salt. Among the treatments, the synergistic transport ability of soil salt and water was the lowest in the combined treatment. Overall, the combination of biochar and corn stover had advantages in terms of soil salt leaching and offered a healthy, effective strategy for soil salinization control in cold areas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    How do climate warming affect soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated phosphorus storage under natural restoration?

    Wang, WeiLi, YunhuiGuan, PingtingChang, Liang...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The responses of soil aggregation and aggregate-associated phosphorus (P) fractions under natural restoration to climate warming remain unclear. Here, we conducted an eight-year mesocosm experiment wherein farmland soil from a colder site was transplanted to a warmer site to simulate climate warming and established continuous soybean cultivation and natural restoration treatments at each site. We investigated soil aggregate stability and the associated P fractions and soil properties under two land-use systems in a warming climate. Our results revealed that natural restoration significantly increased macroaggregates and macroaggregate-associated NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Po, and TP, but warming impeded the increases of these P fractions without changing soil aggregation. Although TP within microaggregates and the silt and clay fractions remained consistent across treatments, warming resulted in higher NaHCO3-Pi concentrations in both fractions and lower NaHCO3-Po and NaOH-Po within microaggregates in restored land. Bacterial community and alkaline phosphatase activity may be responsible for organic P mineralization within microaggregates. The enrichment of NaHCO3-Pi in smaller sized aggregates and non-aggregate particles with warming likely increased the risk for P loss. Fungal and bacterial phospholipid fatty acid explained the most variation in the P fractions within macroaggregates and microaggregates, respectively, suggesting that biological processes are involved in determining P distribution. Our study indicates that the distribution of P fractions in differently sized aggregates during natural restoration can be significantly influenced by warming and highlights that incorporating the responses of soil microorganisms and enzymes will improve our understanding of the P cycling in a warming climate.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Long-term effects of crop rotation and nitrogen fertilization on phosphorus cycling and balances in loess-derived Mollisols

    Sun, WenguangVillamil, Maria B.Behnke, Gevan D.Margenot, Andrew J....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Developing meaningful agroecosystem soil P inventories necessitates moving beyond single measures of readily extractable inorganic P (Pi) limited to surface depths. We drew on a long-term (36 year) experimental field trial in the US Maize Belt (northwestern Illinois) to evaluate how crop rotation [maize-maize (Zea mays L.) vs maizesoybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)] and N fertilization (0 vs 269 kg N ha-1) impact P dynamics throughout the soil profile by using sequential fractionation and phosphatase activity assays, contextualized by soil P stocks and agronomic P balances. Distribution of P fractions by depth (0-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-90 cm) indicate that management effects were limited to the surface soil layers (0-30 cm). Soil P fractions differed more by depth than by experimental treatments. Long-term N fertilization significantly decreased pH concurrently with labile organic P (Po) and phosphodiesterase activity. Soil labile inorganic P (Pi) was two-fold lower under N fertilization compared to zero N fertilization, reflecting greater yield and thus P export via grain harvest. Under N fertilization, integration of soybean elevated soil phosphodiesterase activity and decreased water-extractable Po. Higher stocks of soil Po than labile Pi at surface depths (0-30 cm) corroborated a hypothesized appreciable pool size of soil Po relative to the labile Pi pool to which most agronomic assessments are limited. Large negative agronomic balances over the 36-year period (-426 to -945 kg P ha-1) are suggestive of legacy P from preexperiment manure application and high native P stocks, with net P export equivalent to 11-35% of soil P stocks at 0-90 cm depth at the initiation of the experiment. These results contribute to a better understanding how N fertilization and rotation practices influence soil P cycling and stocks, thereby informing P budgets for comprehensive agroecosystem P management.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Peatland degradation in Asia threatens the biodiversity of testate amoebae (Protozoa) with consequences for protozoic silicon cycling

    Qin, YangminPuppe, DanielLi, HuiLi, Hongkai...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Anthropogenic peatland degradation is a global threat. As peatlands store large amounts of carbon (C) their potential for mitigation of climate change has been emphasized recently. Global C cycling is linked to silicon (Si) fluxes from the continents into the oceans. These fluxes in turn are driven by biosilicification, the incorporation of inorganic Si into living organisms, in terrestrial ecosystems. Biosilicification by testate amoeba (TA) communities and its potential for Si cycling has been highlighted since the beginning of the 21st century. However, the effects of peatland degradation on TA biodiversity and corresponding protozoic biosilicification on a continental scale remained unresolved so far. We show that TA biodiversity in Asian peatlands is strongly affected by the grade of human impact. This biodiversity decline was accompanied by an unexpected increase in protozoic biosilicification. Our findings provide new insights into the interactions between the biodiversity of soil microorganisms and biogeochemical Si cycling.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Enhancing the tree-boosting-based pedotransfer function for saturated hydraulic conductivity using data preprocessing and predictor importance using game theory

    Pham, KhanhWon, Jongmuk
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Machine learning (ML)-based pedotransfer function (PTF) has become a promising alternative to the generic PTFs for predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils (Ks). This study enhanced the performance of ML-PTF for predicting Ks by utilizing the prominent extreme gradient boosting (XGB) algorithm trained with the cleaned USKSAT containing approximately 18,000 Ks data for U.S. soils. For improving the performance of the developed XGB-PTF, the outliers were detected and eliminated based on the robust Mahalanobis distance (MD). Furthermore, the cooperative game theory was used to quantify the predictor importance on predictions by XGBPTF. High multicollinearity among most predictors in the database indicates the need for including all predictors when using PTFs for Ks and XGB-PTF with the selection of all predictors yielded a comparable performance to ML-PTFs in the literature on the identical database. In addition, the relatively narrow prediction interval reflects the reliability of the presented XGB-PTF, and the substantial improvement on the performance of XGB-PTF was obtained using the robust MD by eliminating 3.7% of the database. Notably, the developed XGB-PTF coupled with the game theory enables identifying the clay content as the most dominant factor affecting the Ks of soils, followed by bulk density (rho b) and 10th percentile particle diameter (d10) for coarse-grained soils and d10 and rho b for fine-grained soils. The three most dominant predictors (clay content, rho b, and d10) found in this study consistent with the observed Ks in the literature indicate the reliable evaluation of predictor importance using the game theory.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of the internal soil standard on the spectral assessment of clay content

    Francos, NicolasGholizadeh, AsaDematte, Jose Alexandre MeloBen-Dor, Eyal...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil spectral libraries (SSLs) are being created worldwide due to their enormous potential to train machine learning algorithms that may benefit environmental and agricultural activities. Accordingly, the extent to which the different SSLs maintain their accuracy for unknown samples is important. Recently, the internal soil standard (ISS) has garnered attention in the soil spectroscopy literature, due to its capacity to rectify systematic effects during spectral measurements. Moreover, a new initiative by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association (IEEE SA) to create an agreed-upon measurement standard and protocol for soil spectral measurements has been launched. Application of the ISS to align one spectrum with another for merging different SSLs is highly needed. This led us to postulate the necessity of evaluating the performance of spectralbased models using different large SSLs that were created following different protocols. Using the random forest (RF) algorithm, we tested four different well-known large SSLs to predict clay content. From these SSLs, two of them were created using the ISS method (GEOCRADLE and Israel) and the other two without (LUCAS and ICRAF-ISRIC). Then, three groups of soils from different regions (Israel, Czech Republic, and Brazil) were used as external test samples to examine the SSLs' performance. The SSLs that were generated following the ISS protocol yielded the best performance in a group of samples that utilized the same method. It was concluded that using an agreed ISS such as the Lucky Bay (LB) soil sample enables a favorable way to merge SSLs.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier