首页期刊导航|Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
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Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
Elsevier Science Publishers
Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science

Elsevier Science Publishers

0016-7061

Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science/Journal Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science
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    Cover crop composition drives changes in the abundance and diversity of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in citrus orchards with critical effects on N2O emissions

    Castellano-Hinojosa, AntonioMartens-Habbena, WillmStrauss, Sarah L.
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Tree crops contribute to global agriculture production, but they are usually cultivated in soils with low nutrient availability. Cover crops (CCs) have been reported as a sustainable management strategy to improve soil nutrient availability for vegetable systems, but less is known about their influence on soil nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and the soil microbiome in tree crops. We examined the effect of replacing the traditional weedy row middles of a commercial Florida citrus orchard with two different mixtures of CCs (legumes and non legumes, LG + NL; and non-legumes only, NL) compared to a grower standard control (GSC) over a period of two years. Both CC mixtures significantly increased soil carbon (C) availability, microbial abundance, and soil respiration in the row middles compared to the GSC. Significant increases in soil nitrogen (N) concentrations and abundance of genes associated with N-fixation and nitrification were observed in soils treated with LG + NL. Planting LG + NL significantly increased the abundance of nosZ-type denitrifiers compared to NL and the GSC treatments, and significantly reduced nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The use of both CC mixtures reduced bacterial diversity and affected the composition of nirK and nosZI communities. The composition of nosZI communities differed between CC mixtures, possibly due to changes in soil moisture and carbon. Specific amoA ammonia-oxidizing archaea, nirK, and nosZI species were identified as potential indicators for changes in N2O emissions after planting CCs. Our results show that CCs can be a good strategy to improve soil nutrient cycling in the row middles of tree crops and that CC composition drives changes in the abundance and diversity of N cycling communities which ultimately impact GHG emissions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    High-resolution soil organic carbon mapping at the field scale in Southern Belgium (Wallonia)

    Zhou, YueChartin, CarolineVan Oost, Kristofvan Wesemael, Bas...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Accurate soil organic carbon content estimation is critical as a proxy for carbon sequestration, and as one of the indicators for soil health. Here, we collected 497 soil samples during 2015 and 2019, as well as five environmental covariates (organic carbon (OC) input from the crops, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), elevation, clay content and precipitation) at a resolution of 30 m. We then aggregated these to represent agricultural fields and compiled a soil organic carbon (SOC) content map for the agricultural soils of Wallonia using Gradient Boosting Machine. We calculated OC input from both main crops and cover crops for each individual field. As the cover crops do not occur in the agricultural census, we identified cover crops based on long time series of NDVI values obtained from the Google Earth Engine platform. The quality of the SOC predictions was assessed by validation data and we obtained an R2 of 0.77. The Empirical Mode Decomposition indicated that OC input and NDVI were the dominant factors at field scale, whereas the remaining covariates determined the distribution of SOC at the scale of the entire Walloon region. The SOC map showed an overall northwest to southeast trend i.e. an increase in SOC contents up to the Ourthe river followed by a decrease further to the South. The map shows both regional trends in SOC and effects of differences in land use and/or management (including crop rotation and frequency of cover crops) between individual fields. The field-scale map can be used as a benchmark and reference to farmers and agencies in maintaining SOC contents at an appropriate level and optimizing decisions for sustainable land use.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The fate of pig slurry phosphorus applied to a sandy loam soil under no-till cropping in southern Brazil

    Boitt, GustavoMarchezan, CarinaCeretta, Carlos AlbertoBrunetto, Gustavo...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Repeated phosphorus (P) inputs can lead to the accumulation of surplus P in soil with enhanced potential risk of transfer and accelerated eutrophication of aquatic environments. Intensive pork production in Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil results in the generation of large quantities of P-rich waste in the form of pig slurry, which is used to fertilise crops. The aim of this study was to assess and quantify the impact of repeated application of pig slurry P over 8 years (2000-2007) on the fate of P in a sandy loam soil maintained under a mixed cropping regime. In a replicated field trial, pig slurry was applied at three rates (20, 40, and 80 m3 ha-1), which resulted in cumulative P inputs over the 8-year period of 628, 1256, and 2511 kg P ha-1. Slurry inputs of 20, 40, and 80 m3 ha-1 resulted in the accumulation of 368, 936, and 2039 kg P ha-1 in soil to 60 cm, respectively. A combination of soil storage (59-81 %), crop removal (7-14 %), and total P transfer in surface runoff (5-15 %) accounted for most of the P applied in pig slurry over 8 years. Our results highlight the potential environmental impacts of runoff P losses in long-term waste-amended and intensively managed subtropical coarse-textured soils. Measures to minimise soil erosion and P transfers from land to water bodies are of utmost importance.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Predicting Langmuir model parameters for tungsten adsorption in heterogeneous soils using compositional signatures

    Styles, ReneeMiller, ChristineMiller, LesleyWaites, Maggie...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Metallic tungsten (W) is a highly dense material of increasing importance to the U.S. Army as a strategic, nonradioactive replacement for depleted uranium. While there is a growing body of evidence regarding the mechanistic behavior of ionic W (formed after the spontaneous oxidation of metal) in the environment, predicting its environmental fate remains challenging, owing to the widespread geochemical heterogeneity of soils. Therefore, we developed W adsorption prediction models by creating different functional "compositions " of the chemical and physical characteristics for different soil "types " (a non-specific yet commonly used to term to designate different soils). A relatively small dataset consisting of twenty soils (possessing six different soil "types " from across the U.S.) were evaluated for W adsorption behavior. Physical and chemical soil data were separated into water-extracted (WE), bulk, and particle-size distribution (PSD) compositions, and center log-ratio (clr) transformed. Classification models built using extremely randomized trees (ERT) showed that the compositions' accuracies were WE > Bulk > PSD at the Order and Suborder levels. W's adsorption isotherms were constructed using batch equilibrium experiments and modeled against the Langmuir model, where S-max = calculated adsorption maximum, K-1/L = inverse Langmuir affinity coefficient. Afterward, both the ERT and ensemble, or stacked, ERT models (by addition of Order and/or Suborder taxonomic labels as ensemble classifiers) were developed for predicting the S-max and K-1/L parameters based on the different compositions. In general, model accuracies were substantially increased by the addition of the labels (stacked models). Feature importance calculations pointed to a wide range of potential chemical mechanisms simultaneously controlling W adsorption, laying the groundwork for more detailed in-situ elemental speciation studies. Overall, this work showcased a new technological capability allowing for accurately predicting W adsorption on a wide variety of morphological soil designations. Capsule: This work found that soil morphological designations greatly improved the accuracy of Langmuir adsorption predictions of CoDA-transformed characterization data.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effectiveness of mixed cultivated grasslands to reduce sediment concentration in runoff on hillslopes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

    Zhang, ZhenchaoWang, YanlongMa, YushouLopez-Vicente, Manuel...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has unique geographical and climatic conditions that predetermine soil erosion. Insitu monitoring of soil erosion at high altitudes is extremely difficult and challenging due to harsh environmental conditions. This study examines the in-situ effects of different mixed cultivated grassland on runoff and sediment yield through runoff plots. The results showed that the cultivated grasslands could increase 41.5%-175.9% runoff and reduce 51.2%-58.8% sediment concentration compared to bare land. The combination of rhizomatic type (Poa pratensis L.cv. Qinghai) and dense-plexus type (Deschampsia cespitosa) cultivated grasslands appears an effective approach to prevent soil erosion on extremely degraded grassland. The aboveground characteristics and root system of plants determined rainwater movement in the soil and shifted the runoff and sediment in cultivated grassland community. Our findings indicate that plant morphological characteristics should be considered when alleviating soil erosion in the early stage of cultivated grassland in alpine areas. These results provide a new insight into vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation in alpine areas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Soil chemical extractions can alter potassium coordination in agricultural soils: A combined wet chemical and X-ray absorption spectroscopic approach

    Schmidt, Emma J.Zanoni, GiovanniBumguardner, AmeeSegvic, Branimir...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil wet chemical extractions are used to determine plant available potassium (K); yet problems with K bioavailability still persist in soils. Bioavailability is directly related to how elements are bonded and coordinated to the solid phases of soil. However, there is a critical knowledge gap with respect to identifying the in situ, solidphase K coordination environments in soils treated with wet chemical extractions. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measures the molecular coordination environment of elements and has been used here to study K chemistry in two agricultural field soils. The objective of this work is to pair XAS with wet chemical K extractions and analyze changes in the coordination environment of K throughout the soil profile. Soil profiles collected down to 1.2 m of a loamy sand and a sandy clay loam were treated with six different extraction methods: (1) Mehlich III, (2) ammonium acetate, (3 & 4) Haney, Haney, Hossner, and Arnold 1 and 2, (5) citrate dithionite, and (6) water extractable potassium. The residual solid was analyzed using XAS and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Citrate dithionite extracted the largest amount of K (1860 mg kg-1), and the water extraction removed the least (30 mg kg-1). XAS and XRD indicate K sources in these soils are illite, illite-smectite, smectite, and potassium feldspar. A Linear Combination Fit (LCF) approach indicated changes of interest in the post-edge region of the K, K-edge XANES spectra due to the Mehlich extraction. XANES data indicate that the Mehlich extraction can remove loosely bound K and dislodge a portion of K from interlayer space of illite and illite-smectite. This is significant because the Mehlich extraction is effectively decreasing the number of coordinating O atoms surrounding K and causing a dampening in the oscillations of the XANES spectra in the post-edge region (3,620-3,650 eV). The dislodgement of K due to the Mehlich III extraction indicates that the inner-sphere bonds that K forms to the siloxane surfaces in the interlayer space can be broken, and K can become more hydrated with water molecules also present in the interlayer space. This dampening was dependent on soil texture, was more significant in the coarser textured soil, and would indicate an increased accommodation of K by montmorillonite or an increase in K hydration in illite-smectite. The dampening resulted in an average increase in K intercalated in montmorillonite interlayer spaces by 25% in Mehlich treated samples according to the LCF results. Future studies involving K sorption to silicon and aluminum oxides will further clarify behavior of K on mineral surfaces, particularly during surface precipitation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    O and A soil horizons' boundaries detection using GPR under variable soil moisture conditions

    Zajicova, KaterinaChuman, Tomas
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：The thicknesses of organic (O) and organomineral (A) horizons are essential parameters for estimating the soil organic carbon stock. They are usually measured at sampling points distributed randomly or regularly over a site, but due to high spatial variability of the soil horizons' thicknesses, the sampling should be dense enough to estimate the carbon stock precisely. Dense soil sampling is cost, time, and labour demanding. Therefore, some studies suggest that geophysical methods such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can assist with a more precise estimation of the organic and organomineral horizons thicknesses without digging soil pits. This study evaluates the accuracy of the organic and the organomineral horizons thicknesses repeatedly measured under different soil moisture conditions on two contrasting soil types: Dystric Cambisol and Arenic Podzosol, using GPR with 800 MHz antenna. The results proved this method to be promising; however, we could not distinguish the boundary between organic and organomineral horizons but only the O + A horizon/subsoil boundary. The thickness of O + A horizons was estimated with an error between 25 and 35% in the Dystric Cambisol site and 18 - 24% in the Arenic Podzol site. The results were more accurate under moister conditions for both soil types, but under drier conditions, deeper parts of irregular horizon boundaries were better distinguishable.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Faeces traits as unifying predictors of detritivore effects on organic matter turnover

    Coq, SylvainGanault, PierreLe Mer, GuillaumeNahmani, Johanne...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the last decade, our understanding of plant litter decomposition and soil organic matter formation substantially improved but critical blind spots remain. Particularly, the role of detritivores, i.e. soil animals that feed on litter and soil, is poorly understood and notoriously missing from biogeochemical models. This major gap results from methodological difficulties to isolate their effect and from the astonishing diversity of detritivorous organisms with few common features, thereby hampering the identification of general patterns. In this viewpoint, we propose that the characteristics of their faeces can predict detritivore effects on soil processes related to organic matter turnover across the large detritivore diversity. Indeed, faeces are common to all detritivores, and a large part of organic matter is transformed into faeces in many ecosystems. Two recent studies presented here showed that faeces characteristics are powerful predictors of the fate and turnover of this transformed organic matter. We suggest that faeces characteristics, such as water-holding capacity, size and spatial organisation of the faecal pellets and of their constituting particles, particulate organic matter connectivity, as well as the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in faecal pellets, are promising 'effect traits'. By focusing on similar features rather than differences, this approach has the potential to break down barriers of this highly fragmented soil animal group, in particular between earthworms that are often studied as ecosystem engineers and classical litter transformers such as millipedes, woodlice, or snails. We discuss ways of tackling the complexity of using such traits, particularly regarding the composite determinism of faeces characteristics that are driven both by the detritivore identity and the ingested organic matter. Rigorous and hypothesis-based use of faeces characteristics as effect traits, including clear identification of studied processes, could allow integrating detritivores in our current understanding of organic matter turnover.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Relationships of priming effects with organic amendment composition and soil microbial properties

    van Bodegom, P. M.Kok, D. D.Scherer, L.de Vries, W....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration through the application of organic amendments (OAs) is considered an important strategy to offset anthropogenic Cv93..0O2 emissions while simultaneously enhancing soil quality and food security. The efficiency of SOC sequestration, however, depends on the priming effect which is influenced by interactions of OA composition with soil microbial response variables (MRVs). Yet, there remain large uncertainties surrounding the mechanisms and relationships defining these interactions, hampering the identification of OAs most effective for SOC sequestration and hindering the inclusion of OA dynamics in soil carbon models. In this study therefore, we performed an integrated assessment of these interactions for a cropland soil amended with wood chips, waterway residues, and isotopically enriched road-verge grasses, compost, and bokashi. Changes in 11 microbial properties and priming effects (for isotopically labelled OAs) were monitored for 150 days and related to 22 characterizations of OA composition. We demonstrate that i) hot water extractable to total carbon ratios of OAs are superior predictors of priming effects, ii) dissolvable to hot-water extractable carbon ratios are most closely related to variation in MRV expressions, and iii) priming effects correlate significantly with changes in several MRVs. Findings advocate for the adoption of energetic principles in modelling and predicting microbially-mediated soil carbon dynamics and suggest that application of OAs with high hot water to total carbon concentrations - potentially achievable by composting, but not fermenting, OAs prior to application - can allow for more efficient SOC sequestration.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Proximal sensor data fusion and auxiliary information for tropical soil property prediction: Soil texture

    Andrade, RenataMancini, Marcelodos Santos Teixeira, Anita FernandaChakraborty, Somsubhra...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil texture is a primary variable influencing many soil chemical-physical-biological processes, providing important information for decision-making regarding sustainable soil management. The standard traditional methods for determining soil texture, however, are performed manually and are time-consuming, costly, and generate chemical wastes. As an alternative, portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry and visible near-infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIR) have been increasingly used worldwide to predict soil attributes. Other sensors (e.g., NixPro (TM) color sensor) are also promising, but less evaluated to date. Thus, investigations towards proximal sensor data fusion for prediction of soil textural separates (clay, silt, and total, coarse, and fine sand contents) and soil textural classes (loam, loamy sand, etc) in tropical soils are rare. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate proximal sensor data for predicting soil particle size fractions and soil textural classes (both Family particle size classes and USDA soil texture triangle) via random forest algorithm in tropical regions. A total of 464 soil samples were collected from A (n = 208) and B (n = 256) horizons in Brazil. Soil samples were submitted to laboratory analyses for soil texture and proximal sensor (pXRF, Vis-NIR, and NixPro (TM)) scanning. Samples were randomly split into 70% for modeling and 30% for validation. The best approach varied according to the predicted attribute; however, pXRF data were key information for soil texture prediction accuracy. The best results delivered highly accurate predictions via the aforementioned proximal sensors for rapid assessment of soil texture (total sand R-2 = 0.84, RMSE = 7.60%; silt 0.83, 6.11%; clay 0.90, 5.64%; coarse sand 0.87, 6.30%; fine sand 0.82, 5.27%). Categorical prediction accuracy for soil textural classes (Family particle size classes, overall accuracy = 0.97, Kappa index = 0.95; USDA soil texture triangle, 0.83, 0.73) was enhanced when the predictions were made by soil order sub-datasets. Smoothed Vis-NIR preprocessing and dry NixPro (TM) color data positively influenced the results. The results reported here represent alternatives for reducing costs and time needed for evaluating soil texture, supporting agronomic and environmental strategies in Brazilian conditions. Further works should extend the results of this study to temperate regions to corroborate the conclusions presented herein regarding the fusion of these three proximal sensors.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier