查看更多>>摘要：Temperature has major influence in insect development and outbreak. At present, the common method of collecting temperature information mainly relies on ground weather stations. However, this method is unfeasible for a large-scale area as weather stations distributions are sparse. This, however, can be compensated by the temperature measured through remote sensing satellites known as Land Surface Temperature (LST). Hence, this paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of Thermal Infrared (TIR) and Microwave (MW) sensors for the acquisition of LST. This review will focus on the availability, suitability and adaptability of those sensors in providing LST for insect pest monitoring with the comparison being concentrated on their spatial and temporal characteristics, along with their accuracies.
查看更多>>摘要：Temperature has major influence in insect development and outbreak. At present, the common method of collecting temperature information mainly relies on ground weather stations. However, this method is unfeasible for a large-scale area as weather stations distributions are sparse. This, however, can be compensated by the temperature measured through remote sensing satellites known as Land Surface Temperature (LST). Hence, this paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of Thermal Infrared (TIR) and Microwave (MW) sensors for the acquisition of LST. This review will focus on the availability, suitability and adaptability of those sensors in providing LST for insect pest monitoring with the comparison being concentrated on their spatial and temporal characteristics, along with their accuracies.
查看更多>>摘要：<![CDATA[<b> Background and Objective: </b> Seagrass extract is a natural plant biostimulant which can be utilized for enhancing plant growth at various stages. The present study was undertaken to explore the application of <i> Zostera marina </i> seagrass extract as foliar spray on salt stressed tomato plants under green house conditions. <b> Methodology: </b> The one set of green house grown tomato plants were sprayed with seagrass extract and another set with water on 15th day of salt treatment. The accumulation of <strong> reactive oxygen species </strong> , antioxidant enzyme activities and their physiological responses towards different concentration of salt stress were examined after the 3rd treatment. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS software version 17. <b> Results: </b> The initial studies revealed that the salt stressed plants shown variation in physiology, Relative Water Content (RWC) and accumulation of <strong> hydrogen peroxide </strong> (H <sub> 2 </sub> O <sub> 2 </sub> ) in the leaves. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), <strong> superoxide dismutase </strong> (SOD), catalase (CAT) were found to have increased in seagrass extract sprayed plants when compared with the plants sprayed with water. In contrast to APX, SOD, CAT, the activities of peroxidase (POX) were declined in the seagrass treated plants. <b> Conclusion: </b> After 30 days, the plants sprayed with seagrass extract were more efficient in controlling the damage caused by the stress and it has shown enhanced activities of tolerance to the salt stressed plants compared to the control. Further, presence of functional groups and constituents were found in seagrass extract through FTIR and GC-MS analyses.]]>
查看更多>>摘要：<![CDATA[<b> Background and Objective: </b> <i> Celastrus paniculatus </i> Willd. ( <i> Celastraceae </i> ) is a large, woody climbing shrub commonly known as ?Jyotishmati?, "Intellect tree" or ?Bitter sweet? is an important <strong> medicinal plant </strong> in India. Due its high pharmaceutical applications, this species has been over exploited and is now considered as endangered species. The present investigation was focused on development of an efficient shoot induction protocol for the large scale production of <i> Celastrus paniculatus </i> . <b> Materials and Methods: </b> The pathological screening of <i> <strong> in vitro </strong> </i> propagated progenies was done to ensure their disease free nature. Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with varying combination of growth regulators such as Ammonium nitrate (NH <sub> 4 </sub> NO <sub> 3 </sub> ), Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Kinetin (Kin) with a concentration ranging from 0.5-3.0 mg L <sup> -1 </sup> for shoot induction. To detect the presence of any microbial growth, the <i> <strong> in vitro </strong> </i> derived clones with 0.5 mm in size were transferred into Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) or Plate Count Agar (PCA) medium and the visual observation for the detection of endogenous and exogenous fungal and bacterial growth. A random sampling of 50% of <i> <strong> in vitro </strong> </i> propagated plants listed for <strong> microbial contamination </strong> . The results were recorded and expressed as Mean±SD for all the experiments. <b> Results: </b> The maximum number of shoots was induced in MS medium with 1.5 mg L <sup> -1 </sup> of BAP, it was 4.67±1.58 shoots. Subsequent culture on medium with 1.0 mg L <sup> -1 </sup> of BAP facilitated rapid multiplication and a mean of 30.52±2.64 shoots were developed. The developed shoots were healthy and a height of approximately 8 cm. <b> Conclusion: </b> The developed protocol was successfully employed for the large scale production of this endangered species. The pathological screening revealed the disease free nature of the developed shoots.]]>
查看更多>>摘要：<![CDATA[<b> Background and Objective: </b> The response of each sweet potato variety that was planted during the rainy season was significantly different. Some varieties showed high response to the environment with the components of vegetative growth especially on stems and leaves as shown from the observation. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of 10 varieties of sweet potatoes that were planted during the rainy season through the analysis of their growth and yield. It was conducted to know which varieties were able to adapt well and produce a high yield in the peculiar environment. <b> Materials and Methods: </b> This study was conducted using a Randomized Block Design with three replications and comprised ten varieties of sweet potatoes viz: Papua, Sollosa, Jago, Kidal, Antin-1, Sari, Sawentar, Beta-2, Antin-2, Antin-3 and Beta-1. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level and for a significant effect followed Fisher?s Least Significant Differences (LSD) test at the 0.05 probability. <b> Result: </b> The results showed that the optimum Leaf Area Index (LAI) of sweet potatoes were found when the sweet potatoes entered the age of 3 MAP. The LAI of Sawentar variety showed the value of 7.23, while varieties Sari and Beta-2 were in the optimum limit of LAI response. This is proved by the growth of vegetative organs which reached the highest when entering the age of 3 months after planting. To inhibit the crop growth rate of vegetative organs, shoots pruning at age of 3 MAP should be done, therefore the assimilates can be translocated to the tubers as generative organs. This study found some varieties having high production such as Sari and Papua Sollosa varieties. <b> Conclusion: </b> The yield of the sweet potato varieties on the experiment showed a negative correlation to the leaf area and LAI, in which to achieve high productivity, low LAI value is required. Sari variety is recommended to be grown at the dry land during rainy season, by using this treatment sweet potato yield could produce 44.76 t ha <sup> -1 </sup> .]]>
Amiratul Diyana AmirruddinFarrah Melissa MuharamTan Ngai PaingDaljit Singh Karam Singh...
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查看更多>>摘要：<![CDATA[<b> Background and Objective: </b> Nitrogen (N) plays crucial roles in sustain ability of oil palm ( <i> Elaeis guineensis </i> ) production, environmentally and economically. Adequate nutrient supply especially N is the most important in producing high yield oil palm. However, assessing N status of tall perennial crops such as oil palm is complex and not straightforward in comparison to annual crops due to complex nitrogen partitioning and age. The objectives of this study were to examine growth and spectral responses of N fertilization on different oil palm?s growth stages; immature, young mature and prime mature and compare foliar N content and relative chlorophyll content as indicators of oil palm N status. Methodology: Nitrogen fertilization rates applied were varied from 0-2 kg N/palm/year according to the growth stages requirements. Growth and spectral parameters measured for this study included height, diameter, leaf area index (LAI) and spectral reflectance in visible and near infra-red (NIR) regions measured from a ground spectro radiometer and satellite images. For statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis were conducted. <b> Results: </b> The results illustrated that growth and spectral parameters responses were age-dependent, primarily due to different allocation of nitrogen as the palms matured. Correlation analysis indicated that the spectral parameter was more sensitive to foliar nitrogen, especially ones that were acquired from satellite images and therefore have potential in predicting N nutrition status of oil palm. <b> Conclusion: </b> Foliar N content was found to be less influenced by the palm growth stages, while relative chlorophyll content measured using the SPAD meter should be carefully interpreted along the palm age.]]>
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