查看更多>>摘要：Studies were conducted to understand nematode parasite epidemiology in local cattle of three different agroclimatic zones of Chhattisgarh by monitoring monthly faecal egg counts and genera of parasites present for a period of one year. Simultaneous bi-monthly estimation of haemoglobin and packed cell volumes were also conducted in the same animals. While increased egg counts were observed during July to September in all the agroclimatic zones of Chhattisgarh with dominance of haematophagous nematodeHaemonchus spp. Significant decrease of haemoglobin and PCV values (P < 0.05) could be observed in cattle of Chhattisgarh Plain (Durg), Northern Hill Region (Ambikapur) and Bastar Plateau (Jagdalpur) during months of June to December.
查看更多>>摘要：A total of 38 Culicoides midge swarms were collected using insect sweep net during the period from August, 2004 to July, 2005. The species composition and parity status of female midges has been identified. In all the catches from the swarms, only onespecies belonging to either C. oxystoma or C. imicola were found. Among the swarms collected, swarms of C. oxystoma were 71.05 per cent and that of C. imicola was 28.95 per cent indicated the higher activity of C. oxystoma. The higher activity of the swarms was found near the livestock sheds. The approximate size, shape and flight of the swarms have been discussed. Among the 08 C. imicola females collected from the swarms, 4 were found to be nulliparous and two flies each were found to be parous and gravid. Among the 17 female C. oxystoma midges collected from all the swarms, nulliparous females were found in higher abundance followed by gravid midges. Since there is continuous availability of C. imicola and C. oxystoma swarms indicates the continuousactivity of these midges. These swarms can be used as markers of Culicoides activity in this location. However continuous monitoring of swarms at different geo-climatic conditions may yield detailed information on activity of several species of Culicoides.
查看更多>>摘要：Microneme protein 3 (MIC3) has been identified as an important vaccine target in apicomplexan parasites. The protein is secreted by the micronemes of apical complex of merozoite and sporozoite stages of the parasites and help in host cell invasion. InEimeria tenella MIC3 contains seven repetitive regions. In this study, microneme adhesive repeat region-lb of MIC3 (MIC3-MARlb) was PCR amplified from cDNA derived from E. tenella, cloned in pET32a(+) expression vector, sequenced and expressed in BL21(DE3) strain of Escherichia coli. Post sequencing alignment studies revealed 99.8% homology of the MIC3-MARlb of Indian isolate of E. tenella with the well characterized E. tenella Houghton strain. The expression of recombinant protein was standardized toobtain maximum yield at 4 hours after induction with ImM IPTG. The expressed protein was purified under native conditions and the expression of the recombinant protein was confirmed by immunoblotting and probing the transferred protein on nitrocellulosemembrane with Ni-NTA HRP conjugate as well as E. tenella infected chicken sera. Immunolocalization studies revealed that MIC3-MARlb protein are expressed in apical region of merozoites of E. tenella and purified recombinant protein maintains its immunogenicity. The rMIC3-MARlb, expressed in the present study, may be further evaluated for use as a vaccine candidate against E. tenella infection in chickens.
查看更多>>摘要：Canine demodicosis is a common non contagious parasitic skin infestation caused by different species of Demodex mites. Three species of Demodex namely, Demodex canis, D. injai and D. cornei were identified based on morphology and micromery in skin scrapings of dogs with demodicosis in India, while D. injai being reported for the first time in India. A total of 328 adult demodectic mites were measured by ocular micrometer. Mean total body length of D. cornei, D. canis and D. injai was 149.87 +1.42, 202.46 + 2.79 and 284.42 ± 1.54 /mi, respectively. Mean length of prosoma, opisthosoma, total body and ratio of prosoma to opisthosoma and ratio of opisthosoma to total body between D. canis (n=150), D.injai (n = 102), and D. cornei (n=76) differed significantly (_< 0.01).
查看更多>>摘要：Prevalence and seasonal variation of gastrointestinal helminths of local pigs were studied by examining 60 gastrointestinal tracts. Out of the GI tracts, 50(83.33%) were found positive, mixed infection was more common and a maximum of 7 different helminth species were recorded from one GI tract. The incidence rate of 10 different helminthes were Gastrodiscoides hominis (60.00%), Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus (15.00%), Fasciolopsis buski (51.66%), Schistosoma suis (30.00%), Artifechinostomum sufrartyfex (23.33%), Trichuris suis (35.00%), Ascarops strongylina (40.00%), Physocephalus sexalatus (33.33%), Simondsia paradoxa (06.66%) and Oesophagostomum dentatum (11.66%). Seasonal variation showed highest prevalence during the rainy season (99.00%), followed by winter (84.21%) and summer (76.19%).
查看更多>>摘要：Multiplex-PCR, consisting of multiple primer sets within a single reaction mixture to produce amplicons of varying sizes that are specific to haemoprotozoans of bovines, has been standardized and employed for the simultaneous detection of infections.Blood samples were collected from cattle suspected for haemoparasitic infections viz. Theileria spp, Babesia bigemina and Trypanosoma evansi and tested by multiplex PCR to visualize desired amplicons 1098 bp, 689 bp and 275 bp, respectively. Results of study revealed that 20% samples were positive for multiple (17.7%) and single (2.2 %) haemoparasitic infections as compare to 8.8% (single-6.6% and multiple-2.2%) positive by conventional microscopy. Multiplex PCR was able to detecteach of the three haemoparasites with same sensitivity irrespective of amplification in isolation or together with the DNA of other haemoparasites. The nucleotide sequence analysis of individual amplicons expressed the fidelity of the primer pairs used and multiplex PCR was found to be 100% sensitive and 81.81% specific with respect to blood films examination for the detection of mixed infections.
查看更多>>摘要：Information concerning management of goats and cattle, worm control practices and anthelmintic usage in Chhattisgarh was obtained through a questionnaire survey. Benzimidazoles followed by avermectin and combination of avermectin and clorsulon are theanthelmintics frequently used in the Govt, sector during the year 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. Questionnaire survey data sheets obtained from the veterinarians revealed that the doctors used anthelmintic treatment to ruminants in Chhattisgarh and the drug of choice is oral formulation of benzimidazoles and ivermectin. Rotation of anthelmintics was done as per availability but usually twice in a year or once in two years. Response of farmers of all the three agroclimatic zones were similar. Rural farmers ofChhattisgarh, majority of which either illiterate or with primary education, are dominantly practicing mixed farming with agriculture and animal husbandry. Cattle and goats are the preferred species and follow grazing of animals in agricultural land orcommon grazing land. They know about worm problem and use of anthelmintic and animals are treated primarily with the advice of Astt. Veterinary Field Officers. They don't know about the drugs but the advice is given to them for the use of benzimidazolesand ivermectins.
查看更多>>摘要：Adult amphistomes collected from buffaloes were identified to the species level following available information. Genomic DNA from the individual flukes belonging to Paramphistomum epiclitum, Gastrothylax crumenifer and Gigantocotyle explanatum was isolated using the commercial kit. PCR amplification of the ITS2 region along with flanking 5.8S and 28S regions (ITS2+ region) was done for all 3 species and subsequently amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Sequence data generated from the cloned productsconfirmed the presence of 484 continuous bases in each case, out of which only 288 nucleotides encodes for ITS2 region (total length). Primary ITS2 sequence analysis recorded a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at 259th position in the targeted am pilis tome species (Bareilly isolates). However, total nucleotide variations recorded with respect to consensus were 9 in case of G. explanatum and 6 each in case of P. epiclitum and G. crumenifer. Study further recorded species wise clustering of different isolates except G. crumenifer (Bareilly isolate). Intra-specific variation recorded in the ITS2 region of P. epiclitum, G. crumenifer and G. explanatum were 0.3 to 0.7%, 0.7 to 2.9% and 2.8 to 5.0%, respectively.
查看更多>>摘要：The study was undertaken to study the prevalence of amphistomosis in slaughtered buffaloes at Ahmedabad, Gujarat on the basis of faecal and liver/rumen examination. A total of 798 faecal and 790 liver/rumen samples were collected from buffaloes brought to the local abattoir of Ahmedabad district, Gujarat and the monthly, seasonal and overall prevalence was studied for the period of twelve months from March-2013 to February-2014. The overall prevalence rate was observed to be 27.69% (211) and 28.86% (228) for the faecal and liver/ rumen samples, which was highest in winter in the month of Nov.-Dec. followed by monsoon and lowest in summer in the month of April by examination of both faecal and liver samples. It can be concluded from this study that amphistomosis is a parasitic infection of great concern which is prevalent appreciably in buffaloes of Ahmedabad causing great loss in terms of production and health especially in the month of November and December and the detail knowledge of its occurence will help in using immediate and necessary preventive measures in the winter, rainy and post rainy season.
查看更多>>摘要：An epidemiological study of fasciolosis in organized goat farm of Assam revealed that the differences of EPG (egg per gram) were non significant among the breeds but highly significant (p < 0.01%) between the seasons. On the basis of faecal examination it was observed that overall mean EPG was recorded high in winter season (12.78+3.24) followed by post-monsoon (5.50+1.82), pre-monsoon season (4.40+1.22) and monsoon season (3.10+1.01). A low level of highest mean EPG 14.42 + 6.57, 15.81 + 5.74 and 8.24+3.23 were recorded in winter season in local, crossbred and Beetal goats respectively. Local goats (21.06%) were the most susceptible one amongst the three breeds followed by crossbred goats (19.91%) and Beetal goats (13.45%) against fasciolosis. Month wise assessment of Fasciola infection revealed that the highest incidence and egg counts were recorded in local goats (incidence 49.09% and mean EPG 17.09+7.34) and crossbred goats (incidence 47.22% and mean EPG 23.11+9.29) in the month of January, butin Beetal goats it was in the month of December (incidence 31.82% and EPG 11.65+5.57). The differences of egg out puts of Fasciola in all the breeds were significantly higher in adults than kids.
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