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Landscape and Urban Planning
Elsevier
Landscape and Urban Planning

Elsevier

0169-2046

Landscape and Urban Planning/Journal Landscape and Urban PlanningAHCISSCIISSHPSCI
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    Who benefits from nature? A quantitative intersectional perspective on inequalities in contact with nature and the gender gap outdoors

    Colley, KathrynIrvine, Katherine N.Currie, Margaret
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Spending time outdoors in natural environments is associated with an array of benefits to individuals' health and wellbeing, as well as being implicated in the development of connections to the natural world, attachment to place, and environmental stewardship behaviours. Disparities between population subgroups in relation to frequency of nature contact may, however, shape the extent to which natural environments deliver benefits to marginalised population subgroups. In this paper we examine disparities in contact with nature amongst the adult population of Scotland, UK using cross-sectional data from the Scottish Household Survey (N = 19,441). The analysis proceeds to explore whether the observed 'gender gap' between men and women in nature contact persists across the intersections of population subgroups and geographies. The findings point to inequalities in contact with nature which should be considered in public policy agendas to promote use of natural environments across urban and rural areas. The findings also highlight the value of adopting intersectional perspectives in the consideration of environmental justice issues surrounding access to natural environments.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Physically apart but socially connected: Lessons in social resilience from community gardening during the COVID-19 pandemic

    Joshi, NeelakshiWende, Wolfgang
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Urban green spaces, like community gardens, received increased attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing from an ethnographic study on participating in community garden activities in Edmonton, Canada and inputs from 194 gardeners and 21 garden coordinators, this paper captures the experiences of creating community during a pandemic. Garden coordinators had to rethink and rework their operating styles in keeping participants physically apart but socially connected. Participants confirmed that garden activities provided respite from the pandemic restrictions. Findings also indicate that some participants missed group activities like work bees and potlucks while others were able to re-create community in digital spaces and in chanced and informal interactions. This study draws from and subsequently contributes to the existing literature on social resilience provided by community gardens during and after a crisis event. It also provides policy recommendations on how the city administration can help facilitate garden activities during times of disruptions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    A GIS-based approach to assessing the capacity of rainwater harvesting for addressing outdoor irrigation

    Zhong, QingTong, DaoqinCrosson, CourtneyZhang, Yinan...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：The increased demand for water along with limited water supply and climate change has brought about water access challenges globally. Novel and sustainable water management systems are needed for addressing the imbalance between the increasing water demand and limited water resources. Rainwater as a renewable resource presents great potential to help achieve this goal. This study focuses on an important sustainable water management strategy, rainwater harvesting (RWH), and proposes a Geographic Information System (GIS) based method to assess the capability of RWH to meet outdoor irrigation demand at the city scale. High-resolution LiDAR data and orthophotos are used to delineate RWH catchment areas and identify outdoor vegetated sites. Both active and passive RWH are considered in the rainwater supply estimation. Factors including vegetation height, species, density and microclimate variables are incorporated in the outdoor irrigation demand estimation. The approach is applied to study the capacity of RWH in Tucson, Arizona, a semi-arid water stressed city in the Southwestern United States. Results show that the outdoor irrigation in 32% of the Tucson township sections can be met by RWH for more than 8 months of a wet year. The proposed RWH system deployment can lead to an overall savings of 13.8 million U.S. dollars and provides important insights into urban water management and sustainable water planning.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Early stages of crop expansion have little effect on farm-scale vegetation patterns in a Cerrado biome working landscape

    Blanco, JulienBellon, BeatrizBarthelemy, LianeCamus, Baptiste...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：In addition to protected areas, sustainable working landscapes are key to successful biodiversity conservation. Yet such landscapes are threatened by rapid crop expansion, in particular in Brazil. In this context, this study explores the influence of farming systems on farm-scale vegetation patterns around the Serra da Bodoquena National Park in Mato Grosso do Sul. To collect data on farming systems and how they are evolving, we conducted interviews at 40 farms covering 120,000 ha, including eight farms with land within the national park. To assess vegetation patterns, we conducted pixel-wise and landscape analyses based on MapBiomas land cover maps from which we calculated seven metrics over the 2009-2019 period. Using multivariate methods, we identified the activities that differentiated farming systems, isolating five farm types with contrasting involvement in crop cultivation and ranching. We found that most farm-scale landscape metrics were only weakly influenced by farming systems. Temporal analyses and interviews suggested that biophysical and legislative contexts limit crop expansion, which mainly occurred at the expense of old pastures and did not directly impact forest proportion within farms. As a consequence, crop expansion in the region seemed to mainly affect small tree patches in pasture areas, making its effect on vegetation patterns barely detectable with 30-m resolution imagery. These findings suggest that rather than focusing solely on deforestation, monitoring the dynamics of wooded pastures with high-resolution images is crucial to assess the early effects of crop expansion on vegetation patterns and to ensure the conservation of biodiversity-friendly agricultural matrices around protected areas in Brazil.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Rural parks as refugia of cavity nesters in an agricultural landscape: Which habitat features are important for cavity dwellers?

    Michalczuk, JerzyMichalczuk, Monika
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Parks as artificial non-forest tree stands that serve many useful functions for people can also act as refuges for specialised species that include, for example, cavity nesters. In 2017, (from March to end of May), using the example of 54 parks in the agricultural landscape of SE Poland, the importance of 9 basic habitat parameters was assessed (tree trunk diameter, health status of the trees, proportion of dead trees, management intensity, distance to the nearest forest, distance to a forest of >10 ha in area, park area, built-up area, area of tree cover surrounding the park), for the occurrence and richness of five cavity nesters. Rural parks serve refugia for cavity nesters in the agricultural landscape, such as Great Spotted and Syrian woodpeckers and secondary cavity nesters: European Starling, Eurasian Nuthatch and Eurasian Wryneck. The park size, as well as the presence of trees with large dimensions, were positively related to the occurrence and richness of most studied species. A small share of scattered built-up areas did not negatively affect the occurrence and richness of cavity nesters, and even positively affected the occurrence of Syrian woodpecker and Eurasian Wryneck. Only significant management intensity of the parks negatively influenced the Eurasian Wryneck occurrence, and richness of secondary cavity nesters and the whole cavity nester assemblage. The protection of parks with the characteristics listed above should also be taken into account when developing park management strategies, as such areas are important for species with greater ecological flexibility, and may support biodiversity in the agricultural landscape. The negative human impact on cavity nesters may be mitigated by the designation of 'wild zones' in the parks, which will save ecological valuable trees and at the same time ensure the safety of visitors.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Can multiple pathways link urban residential greenspace to subjective well-being among middle-aged and older Chinese adults?

    Liu, YeXiao, TongWu, Wenjie
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：In recent years, there is a growing interest in the benefits of green spaces on individuals'; subjective well-being in developed countries; however, few studies have examined the underlying mechanisms for these benefits and differentiated the cognitive from the emotional component of subjective well-being, especially in the rapidly urbanizing and ageing China. This study aims to disentangle bio-socio-behavioural pathways linking greenery surrounding residential spaces to subjective well-being among middle-aged and older adults in eight Chinese cities using data from the World Health Organisation';s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (WHO-SAGE). We employ multilevel structural equation modelling to estimate the mediating roles of physical activity, air pollution, and neighbourhood social cohesion in the relationships between residential greenery and the tripartite components of subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect). Results indicate that residential greenery is positively associated with life satisfaction and is not significantly directly related to either positive or negative affect. Results further suggest that middle-aged and older adults living in greener neighbourhoods experience a higher level of life satisfaction due to the enhancement of neighbourhood social cohesion and the mitigation of air pollution, but not the encouragement of physical activity; however, alleviating air pollution enhances their life satisfaction through encouraging physical activity and facilitating social cohesion in serial mediation. Our findings provide a deeper insight into the salutogenic effect of urban green space for middle-aged and older adults and can aid the development of guidelines for enabling ageing in place through land-use planning and landscape architecture.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Non-linear association between residential greenness and general health among old adults in China

    Huang, BaishiYao, ZeyiPearce, Jamie R.Feng, Zhiqiang...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：While a plethora of evidence has suggested the existence of salutogenic effects of exposure to residential greenness, including mitigating residents' exposure to environmental stressors (the mitigation effect), relevant evidence of these effects in a Chinese context remains limited and inconsistent. This study explored the association between residential greenness and older adults' self-rated general health (SGH) in China, particularly focusing on the potential non-linear association, using the microdata sample from the Chinese one-percent national population sample survey. We further examined whether the association varied significantly according to neighbourhood urbanicity and individual socio-demographic characteristics, and investigated whether residential greenness can mitigate against the detrimental effects of air pollution, higher temperature, and outdoor light pollution at night on older adults' health. We found that higher residential greenness was positively associated with the odds of reporting good health, and a greenness-SGH inverted U-shaped relationship was observed, with a turning point at an NDVI value of 0.40. The greenness-SGH association was stronger for older adults who resided in urban areas, were female, older (>= 80 years), were single or divorced or widowed, had elementary or secondary school education, and lived in households with a car valued over yen 200,000. We also found that greenness can help mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution and outdoor light pollution at night on older adults' SGH. Our findings suggest that providing green infrastructure in a residential environment can promote older people's health through mitigating the hazards of environmental contaminants in a rapidly urbanizing and developing country.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Understanding land use change impacts on ecosystem services within urban protected areas

    Siqueira-Gay, JulianaCasteli Figueiredo Gallardo, Amarilis LuciaPetroni, Maria Luiza
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Protected Areas (PAs) aim at safeguarding biodiversity and cultural values by regulating land use and land cover (LULC) within their boundaries. In the context of different PAs categories, urban planners have the challenge of temporally and spatially understand ecosystem services (ES) supply and demand. To shed light on this issue, we explored ES within two levels of PAs in one of the main cities in a large tropical forest. By analyzing LULC and mapping ES in sustainable use and full protection PAs in Sao Paulo (Brazil), we investigated the impacts on ES supply and demand resulting from 28 years of LULC changes. In the sustainable use area, we identified urban expansion and the increased pressure on urban parks. In contrast, full protection PAs blocked the urbanization resulted from major undertakings and blocked the urban sprawl to parts of the sustainable use area. We found possible trade-offs between water provision (positively affected) and tourism (negatively affected) in response to the loss of pasture and between water provision (negatively affected) and local climate regulation, and tourism (positively affected) associated with the increase in agriculture. Our study reveals that conservation targets for PAs decisions should address trade-offs among ES as a result of LULC changes derived from surrounding projects and associated interventions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Urban flood risk and green infrastructure: Who is exposed to risk and who benefits from investment? A case study of three US Cities

    Pallathadka, ArunSauer, JasonChang, HeejunGrimm, Nancy B....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Pluvial flooding is a serious hazard in inland U.S. cities. City managers and communities are increasingly interested in reducing their pluvial flood risk through the development of green infrastructure (GI) features. This research explores the relationship between pluvial flood exposure and GI placement in three inland cities-Atlanta, Phoenix, and Portland-and analyzes the variation of sociodemographic variables in census block groups (CBG) located in pluvial flood zones. Using the Arc-MalstrOm method, we estimated areas of pluvial flooding in the CBGs of our selected cities by relating pluvial flood area to the density of GI in CBGs and assigning CBGs one of four classifications: i) managed (large flood area, abundant GI), ii) prepared (small flood area, abundant GI), iii) vulnerable (large flood area, scarce GI), and iv) least concern (small flood area, scarce GI). Then, using the historical GI data, we examined the proportionality of GI investment over time to pluvial flood area. We found relationships between GI density, flood area, ethnic and racial minority populations, age, educational attainment, and median household incomes that indicated inequalities and potential discrimination in flood risk management, but also some evidence of equitable and appropriate management given differences in flood risk, especially in Phoenix and Portland. In Atlanta, newer GI installation prioritized white and wealthy neighborhoods where relatively higher flood risk exists (less equitable). Our classification framework may assist city flood risk managers to distribute GI more equitably according to equitability and need.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Residential green space, gardening, and subjective well-being: A cross-sectional study of garden owners in northern Belgium

    Vanlessen, NaomiDewaelheyns, ValerieDujardin, SebastienSomers, Ben...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Urban green spaces and the biodiversity therein have been associated with human health and well-being benefits, but the contribution of domestic gardens to those benefits is insufficiently known. Using data from a cross-sectional sample (n = 587) of domestic garden owners in Flanders and Brussels (northern Belgium), associations between residential green space quality in and around domestic gardens, green space related activities and socioeconomic background variables of the gardeners, and self-reported health (stress and depression) were investigated with structural equation models. Socioeconomic security was associated with lower stress and depression. Nature relatedness and green space in the neighbourhood of the house were associated with higher exposure to green space, which was in turn negatively associated with stress and depression. Garden quality, indicated by biodiversity values and size, and nature relatedness were associated with being active in the garden, which was in turn associated with lower values of depression, but not stress. Nature relatedness seems to play a key role in the pathway linking gardens to improved health. Improving biodiversity and ecosystems services in gardens may increase exposure to green space and help to restore and enhance nature relatedness. This, in turn, could potentially improve human health and well-being, and contribute to the conservation of biodiversity in urban environments.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL