Border, Jennifer A.Gillings, SimonReynolds, TomNeeve, Gregor...
11页
查看更多>>摘要：Urban expansion is a severe threat to biodiversity. In the UK, bats are protected meaning new developments need to be surveyed, potential impacts assessed, and appropriate mitigation action taken. However, efforts to minimise effects of urbanisation on bats are hampered by a lack of data for many species making it difficult to implement effective conservation measures. Here we explore whether citizen science data on bat activity via a passive acoustic network can be used to produce maps of high risk areas to bats from urbanisation and areas with the best opportunities for habitat mitigation. We combine the passive acoustic dataset with fine-scale habitat data and use models to quantify the effect of increasing urban areas or increasing suitable habitat (woodland, wetland, or grass and heathland). Passive acoustic detection can provide a high volume of data and large area of coverage, which is vital to the success of this modelling approach, but the data quality is dependent on accurate species classification. Therefore, we also assess the effect of identification uncertainty on the accuracy of the risk and opportunity maps. We found agreement between results accounting for species uncertainty and those that did not was high, although approximately 15% of high-risk areas would have been missed, and about 23% of habitat creation opportunities falsely prioritised. This modelling and mapping approach has great potential for use in the planning process to reduce impacts on the most important habitat features in the landscape and enable targeted habitat creation.
Olsen, Jonathan R.Caryl, Fiona M.McCrorie, PaulMitchell, Richard...
11页
查看更多>>摘要：The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine, by distance from home, the proportion of time children spent in natural space (NS), private gardens (PG) and natural space/private garden (NS/PG); (ii) calculate availability of these environments surrounding homes, and (iii) explore variation in availability and use by socio-economic status (SES).& nbsp;Detailed mobility data for 10/11-year-old children (n = 667) were obtained. Children wore GPS devices and locations were spatially joined to UK national mapping data (Ordnance Survey) to identify if each one was within NS, PG or NS/PG. Euclidean distance between GPS points and home was measured and discretised into 100 m bands (100 m to 800 m).& nbsp;Children spent 15% of their total outdoor, non-school wear time in NS, but 41% in NS/PG. Both time spent in NS & NS/PG and its distance from home varied by SES. Children living in the most deprived areas spent 17% of their total wear time in NS/PG within 100 m from home, and 4.4% in NS/PG over 800 m from home. In contrast, children from the least deprived areas spent 19% of wear time in NS/PG less than 100 m from home and 10.7% in NS/PG over 800 m from home. An increase in the availability of NS and NS/PG around the home was weakly associated with increased use.& nbsp;NS and PG provide a key location that children spend their outdoor time, particularly in areas close to home for those from more deprived areas. Children from the least deprived areas have greater exposure to NS, most of which occurs away from home.
NSTL