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Environmental Entomology
Oxford University Press
Environmental Entomology

Oxford University Press

0046-225X

Environmental Entomology/Journal Environmental EntomologySCI
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    Seasonal Phenology of Velvet Longhorned Beetle, Trichoferus campestris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Minnesota

    Haynes, A. GraceAmbourn, Angie K.Aukema, Brian H.Streifel, Marissa A....
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Knowledge of a species' phenology can assist with timing accurate surveys to detect presence and density in a novel environment. Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) has been found in the United States since the 1990s, but its biology and behavior remain poorly understood. This study investigated the phenology of T. campestris in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, based on local temperature data. In the summers of 2019 and 2020, 30 and 40 pheromone-baited traps, respectively, were deployed in trees in suburban parks to monitor capture of local individuals. Traps were suspended from branches of mature trees selected at random, with nine genera of trees selected over both years. Early, peak, and late adult abundance were characterized, and the impact of tree genus in which each trap was hung was evaluated. Abundance was found to be unimodal both summers with a peak around 650 degree days (base 10 degrees C) in early July. Significantly more adult T. campestris were caught in traps hung in trees of the genus Tilia than in trees of the genus Quercus. These findings are important first steps to improving monitoring of T. campestris presence and conducting risk assessments.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Host Finding Behavior of the Parasitoid Hadronotus pennsylvanicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) for Egg Masses of the Squash Bugs Anasa tristis and Anasa armigera (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in Squash and Cucumber Fields

    Cornelius, Mary L.Haber, Ariela, IWeber, Donald C.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Parasitoid foraging behavior is affected by habitat and host plant differences. Egg parasitoids also use a combination of oviposition-induced and host-derived cues to find host eggs. This study compared parasitism by Hadronotus pennsylvanicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on two squash bug species, Anasa tristis (DeGeer) and Anasa armigera Say (Hemiptera: Coreidae), by placing sentinel squash and cucumber plants with egg masses of either of the two squash bug species in squash and cucumber fields in a 3-way factorial design. Host density of wild A. tristis egg masses in squash fields may have influenced parasitoid foraging behavior on sentinel plants. In the 3-way factorial design, parasitism was higher on sentinel squash plants and in squash fields overall. However, parasitism on A. armigera egg masses was highest on sentinel cucumber plants in squash fields and parasitism on A. tristis egg masses was higher on sentinel squash plants in either squash or cucumber fields and lowest on sentinel cucumber plants in cucumber fields. Results suggest that parasitoids were able to specifically orient to the combination of host plant and host cues associated with A. tristis egg masses on sentinel squash plants, but that they were more responsive to plant-induced cues associated with cucumber when searching for A. armigera egg masses. Parasitoids appear to utilize different combinations of host plant and host cues when searching for eggs of the two squash bug species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Predation and Climate Limit Establishment Success of the Kyushu Strain of the Biological Control Agent Aphalara itadori (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) in the Northeastern United States

    Andersen, Jeremy C.Elkinton, Joseph S.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Species of knotweeds, Reynoutria spp. Houtt. (Caryophyllales: Polygonaceae), including Japanese knotweed (R. japonica Houtt.), are among the most invasive and ecologically destructive plant species introduced to North America and Europe. The Kyushu strain of the psyllid Aphalara itadori Shinji (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) has been approved as a biological control agent for release against Japanese knotweed in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. However, recent reports from Canada suggest that both biotic and abiotic factors may limit its establishment. Therefore, we examined the potential role of predation by comparing open- versus closed-sleeve treatments, and climate mis-matches by collecting temperature data from release sites and performing climate suitability analyses using MaxEnt. Our results indicated that populations of the Kyushu strain could only be maintained in the field in closed-sleeve treatments, suggesting that predation is likely limiting the establishment success of this strain. In addition, we noted that daily maximum temperatures at our field sites might exceed documented developmental thresholds for this strain, and that MaxEnt species distribution modeling indicates no climate similarities between locations in eastern North America and Kyushu. Combined with previous results, our study suggests that the establishment of the Kyushu strain of A. itadori as a biological control agent for Japanese knotweed may be limited in eastern North America. We suggest that one strategy to increase the probability of establishment of the Kyushu strain could be to increase the number of release sites in an effort to find a more optimal niche with predator-free space.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Bess Beetle (Coleoptera: Passalidae) Species Composition Across the Altitudinal Gradient of Montecristo National Park, El Salvador

    Serrano-Peraza, FranciscoSerrano Cervantes, LeopoldoFernando Chaves, Luis
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bess beetle species tend to be endemic and are useful indicators for the designation of conservation areas. However, little is known about the diversity and distribution of these beetles in El Salvador. Here, we present results from a study testing if species segregated along the altitudinal gradient of Montecristo National Park, El Salvador. The survey was done between September and December 2015. Beetles were collected at nine transects from three ecosystems, which included cloud, mixed-pine, and dry forests that occur along the altitudinal gradient of Montecristo. We sampled a total of 696 trees, finding 79 galleries of bess beetles, belonging to 13 species, which included: Arrox agassizi (Kaup), Chondrocephalus granulifrons (Bates), Chondrocephalus sp., Chondrocephalus salvadorae (Schuster), Heliscus eclipticus (Truqui), Odontotaenius striatopunctatus (Percheron), Ogyges politus (Hincks), Oileus sargi (Kaup), Passalus punctatostriatus Percheron, Passalus punctiger Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, Verres hageni Kaup, Vindex sculptilis Bates, and Chondrocephalus gemmae Reyes-Castillo & Castillo which is a new species record for El Salvador. We found that species segregated by altitude, with the highest species richness observed in the cloud forest (n = 6), followed by the dry (n = 5) and mixed pine-oak (n = 4) forests. Most species were randomly associated with different tree species trunks, with the exception of V. hageni which was associated with trunks of Cecropia sp. Loefl. (Rosales: Urticaceae), and P. punctastriatus and P. punctiger which were associated with trunks of Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken (Boraginales: Boraginaceae). Our results show that species segregate by habitat, as only two species (C. gemmae and H. eclipticus) were found in more than one ecosystem.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Pervasive Endosymbiont Arsenophonus Plays a Key Role in the Transmission of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Vectored by Asia II-1 Genetic Group of Bemisia tabaci

    Kaur, RamandeepSingh, SatnamJoshi, Neelam
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Insects often coevolved with their mutualistic partners such as gut endosymbionts, which play a key in the physiology of host. Studies on such interactions between Bemisia tabaci and its primary and secondary endosymbionts have gained importance due to their indispensable roles in the biology of this insect. Present study reports the predominance of two secondary endosymbionts, Arsenophonus and Cardinium in the Asia II-1 genetic group of whitefly and elucidates their role in the transmission of its vectored Cotton leaf curl virus. Selective elimination of endosymbionts was optimized using serial concentration of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tetracycline, and rifampicin administered to viruliferous whiteflies through sucrose diet. Primary endosymbiont, Portiera was unresponsive to all the antibiotics, however, rifampicin and tetracycline at 90 mu g/ml selectively eliminated Arsenophonus from the whitefly. Elimination of Arsenophonus resulted in significant decrease in virus titer from viruliferous whitefly, further the CLCuV transmission efficiency of these whiteflies was significantly reduced compared to the control flies. Secondary endosymbiont, Cardinium could not be eliminated completely even with higher concentrations of antibiotics. Based on the findings, Arsenophonus plays a key role in the retention and transmission of CLCuV in the Asia II-1 genetic group of B. tabaci, while the role of Cardinium could not be established due to its unresponsiveness to antibiotics.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Impacts of Winter Annual Cover Crops and Neonicotinoid Seed Treatments on Arthropod Diversity in Mississippi Soybean

    Whalen, D. A.Catchot, A. L.Gore, J.Cook, D. R....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Winter annual cover crops can be planted before soybean in Mississippi for many agronomic reasons. Incorporating winter annual cover crops into soybean production changes the seasonal hosts within fields. Some studies suggest that reducing tillage and using diverse species of cover crops can increase arthropod diversity and predator activity. Neonicotinoid seed treatments are often implemented to combat early season insect pests in soybean that follow cover crops, but negative effects on the environment such as reductions in biodiversity are often attributed to these compounds. We conducted an experiment to measure the effects on the diversity of the soybean epigeal and foliar communities when incorporating cover crops as well as insecticidal seed treatments into Mississippi soybean growing systems. Our results showed that legume cover crops had significant impacts on the epigeal community diversity of soybean planted behind them. These cover crops, especially hairy vetch, supported a more diverse foliar community before termination. To prevent increases in herbivorous arthropods, neonicotinoid seed treatments can be used without affecting epigeal predators such as beetles, ants, and spiders. The neonicotinoid seed treatments affected arthropod diversity, but the reductions were mainly caused by decreases in herbivorous pest insects that fed on treated soybean plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Snow-Covered Tires Generate Microhabitats That Enhance Overwintering Survival of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Midwest, USA

    Susong, Katie M.Tucker, Bradley J.Bron, Gebienna M.Irwin, Patrick...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is a public health threat because it can potentially transmit multiple pathogenic arboviruses, exhibits aggressive diurnal biting, and is highly invasive. As Ae. albopictus moved northward into the United States, the limits of expansion were predicted as locations with a mean January temperature warmer than -2.5 degrees C. We postulated that the range of Ae. albopictus could exceed these temperature limits if eggs in diapause overwinter in tires that provide an insulating effect from extreme temperatures. Fifteen tires with Ae. albopictus and Aedes triseriatus (Say) eggs, a native cold hardy species, were placed outside at five locations along a latitudinal gradient in Wisconsin and Illinois during the winter of 2018-2019; notably, in January 2019, a regional arctic air event brought the lowest temperatures recorded in over 20 yr. External and internal tire temperatures were recorded at 3 hr intervals, and egg survival was recorded after six months. Aedes albopictus eggs survived only from tires at northernmost locations. The mean internal January temperature of tires that supported survival was -1.8 degrees C, while externally the mean temperature was -5.3 degrees C, indicating that tires provided an average of +3.5 degrees C of insulation. Tires that supported egg survival also had over 100 mm of snow cover during January. In the absence of snow cover, tires across the study area provided an average +0.79 degrees C [95% CI 0.34-1.11] insulation. This work provides strong argument for the inclusion of microhabitats in models of dispersal and establishment of Ae. albopictus and other vector species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Reproductive Ecology of Drosophila obscura: A Cold Adapted Species

    Domenech, Berta CanalSeipelt, AileenFricke, Claudia
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The study of insect reproductive ecology is essential to determine species distributions and fate under changing environments. Species adapted to harsh environments are good examples to investigate the reproductive mechanisms that allow them to cope with the challenging conditions. We here focus on studying for the first time the reproductive ecology of a cold-adapted Drosophila obscura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) strain collected in Finland (subarctic climate region). We tested several reproductive traits such as fertility and fecundity to observe the onset of reproduction and gauge when sexual maturity is reached in both males and females. We combined these measures with an analysis of changes of their reproductive organs shortly after eclosion. We found that males matured several days before females and that this process was underpinned by female egg maturation and male accessory gland growth, while sperm was already present in two-day old males. This delayed maturation is not observed to the same extent in other closely related species and might be a signature of exposure to harsh environments. Whether this delay is an adaptation to cope with variation in resource availability or prolonged unfavorable temperatures is though not clear. Finally, our study adds to the set of reproductive mechanisms used by cold adapted species and the information presented here contributes to understanding the breadth of Drosophila reproductive ecology.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    Oviposition by a Specialist Herbivore Increases Susceptibility of Canola to Herbivory by a Generalist Herbivore

    Weeraddana, Chaminda De SilvaEvenden, Maya L.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Oviposition by specialist herbivores can alter the suitability of the host plant to subsequent infestation by other herbivores. In this study, we tested the effect of previous oviposition on canola, Brassica napus L., by a Brassica specialist, the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), on subsequent herbivory by the generalist feeder, the bertha armyworm (BAW), Mamestra configurata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The effect of DBM oviposition on subsequent BAW oviposition and larval feeding was tested in no-choice and choice experiments. Oviposition of BAW was not altered by DBM eggs on canola plants, however, BAW had increased larval feeding on plants with DBM eggs. These results suggest that oviposition by a specialist herbivore increased the susceptibility of the host plant to generalist herbivory. In a preliminary experiment, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and its conjugates were not altered by DBM oviposition on canola, however, further experimentation is needed to determine if oviposition affects expression of plant defense pathways and other plant traits.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press

    A Comparison of Pollen and Syrup Exposure Routes in Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Microcolonies: Implications for Pesticide Risk Assessment

    Weitekamp, Chelsea A.Koethe, Robert W.Lehmann, David M.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bumble bees are important pollinators for both native plants and managed agricultural systems. Accumulating evidence has shown that pesticides, including neonicotinoids, can have a range of adverse effects on bumble bee health. Most laboratory studies that assess the effects of chronic neonicotinoid exposure on bumble bees use syrup as the delivery vehicle, rather than pollen. However, in the field, it is likely that bumble bees are exposed to neonicotinoids in both nectar (syrup) and pollen. To examine the potential for different effects based on the vehicle, we compared two studies of chronic exposure to the neonicotinoid acetamiprid in Bombus impatiens microcolonies. We examined correlations between microcolony endpoints and identified associations between the timing of colony pollen and syrup consumption and drone production. Furthermore, in line with previous results, we found that average drone weight was affected at a range of doses only when microcolonies were exposed to acetamiprid via pollen. In general, our analyses point to the importance of the treatment vehicle and suggest that critical effects on developing brood could be missed when neonicotinoid exposure occurs only through syrup.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Oxford Univ Press