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    Variations in weathering characteristics of soil profiles and response of the Atterberg limits in the granite hilly area of South China

    Liao, DalanDeng, YusongDuan, XiaoqianCai, Chongfa...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Red loam hills with granitic parent material are susceptible to gully erosion under continuous runoff. Laterite soils from granitic parent material in South China are continuously weathered. Soil profile weathering and Atterberg limits, as indirect indicators of soil erosion resistance, are often neglected. Here, three typical granite weathering profiles in Hubei (HB), Fujian (FJ) and Guangxi (GX) were selected to investigate the granite weathering zonation characteristics and their relationships with the Atterberg limits. The main soil profile oxides were SiO2, Fe2O3 and Al2O3, and their total content exceeded 80.00%. Moreover, the chemical weathering indicators consistently showed highly weathered states and increase in weathering degree from bottom to top in the soil profiles; the weathering degree had zonal characteristics from north to south, and the weathering mantle thickness gradually increased. The liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), shrinkage limit (SL), plasticity index (PI) and shrinkage index (SI) decreased as the soil profile depth increased, while the liquidity index (LI) decreased, indicating more stability and less susceptibility to erosion in the surface soil layers. During heavy rainfall, the soil moisture content in the sandy layer was more likely to approach the PL or even LL, which easily cause soil loss. Further, the red soil layers tended to shrink under higher moisture contents, thereby forming fissures and leading to preferential flow, which increased the interstitial pressure of the soil and led to a reduction in shear strength, and resulted in gully erosion. Regression analyses showed that Si mobility was significantly positively correlated with LL (R2 = 0.712), PL (R2 = 0.732), SL (R2 = 0.669), SI (R2 = 0.709), and PI (R2 = 0.592) and significantly negatively correlated with LI (R2 = 0.554). The correlations between Fe mobility and Atterberg limits were the opposite of those for Si. According to path analysis, the Fe2O3 content and Atterberg limits had the largest decision coefficients, indicating that the weathering intensity was significantly correlated with the Atterberg limits.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Revegetation as a driver of chemical and physical soil property changes in a post-mining landscape of East Kalimantan: A chronosequence study

    Iskandar, IskandarSuryaningtyas, Dyah TjahyandariBaskoro, Dwi Putro TejoBudi, Sri Wilarso...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：As a result of mixing soil materials from various natural soil horizons, mine soils generally have low organic C and total N content. In wet tropical climates where the vegetation is evergreen, we hypothesize that with the start of revegetation, the organic C and total N levels of the mine soils will recover rapidly and increase as the time since revegetation increases. The increase in organic C and total N content will have implications for changes in other soil chemical and physical properties. The development of mine soils in wet tropical climate conditions is so far rarely considered only. This study aims to determine changes in the physical and chemical properties of mine soils in the initial stages of formation triggered by the increasing time since revegetation. Soils from permanent observation plots in ex-coal mined sites divided by time since revegetation (0-12 years) were sampled together with an adjacent site with natural forest. Decisive soil physical and chemical properties were determined for the soils from 0 to 30 cm depth. With the increasing time since revegetation, there was a decrease in bulk density, and an increase in total soil porosity following a logarithmic equation. Linear changes with increasing time since revegetation were found for organic C, total N, and available P levels. The linear increase in organic C, total N, and available P levels, the logarithmic decrease in bulk density and the increase in total porosity with increasing time since revegetation suggest that these parameters are controlled by vegetation in the initial stages of mine soil development, while the polynomial changes in extractable P and K (25% HCl), CEC, exchangeable bases, base saturation percentage, and exchangeable Al over time suggest that these parameters can be assigned to processes independent of vegetation and are highly dependent on the composition of the original substrate.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) invasion increases forest soil pH in subtropical China

    Tang, ZhiyaoFang, JingyunOuyang, MingTian, Di...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil pH has cascading effects on terrestrial ecosystem functions by regulating the biogeochemical cycle, which can be altered by plant invasion. Bamboo invasion occurs throughout the world in both native and introduced habitats, especially in Asia. However, the effect of bamboo invasion on soil pH is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the invasion-induced change in pH (CIP) with pairwise sampling from 215 bamboo-tree transects in subtropical China, including 203 pure bamboo forest (BF) plots, 188 mixed bamboo-tree forest (MBTF) plots and 199 non-bamboo-invaded tree forest (TF) plots. We found a significant increase in soil pH after bamboo invasion from 4.44 (+/- 0.03) in TFs to 4.52 (+/- 0.03) in MBTFs and 4.67 (+/- 0.03) in BFs. The CIP was related to the invaded forest type, with the largest changes in deciduous broadleaf (0.38 +/- 0.09) and mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forests (0.38 +/- 0.10), followed by mixed needleleaf and broadleaf forests (0.24 +/- 0.05), and the smallest changes in evergreen broadleaf (0.19 +/- 0.03) and needleleaf forests (0.20 +/- 0.03). Further analysis showed that the CIP increased linearly with invasive bamboo density and was independent of climate factors. Overall, we provide the first evidence of a large-scale observation for bamboo invasion-induced forest soil pH increase. Our findings highlight that plant invasion should not be neglected as a driver of global change via its effects on soil pH.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of concentrated flow changes on runoff conversion and sediment yield in gently sloping farmland in a karst area of SW China

    Yi, XingsongDai, QuanhouYan, YoujinYao, Yiwen...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Exposed bedrock in karst areas considerably alters runoff paths causing partial runoff to converge into a concentrated flow, which is a potential source of soil erosion risk. However, research is lacking on how concentrated flow affects regional soil erosion. In this study, the surface and underground dual structure in karst areas was simulated in a steel tank. Combined with runoff plot monitoring, the runoff conversion process and erosion characteristics of gently sloping farmland in karst areas under different water discharge rates were examined through indoor concentrated flow discharge scouring tests, and the influence of concentrated flow changes on the runoff spatial distribution and sediment yield in gently sloping farmland was clarified. The results demonstrated the following: (i) there existed a significant positive correlation between surface runoff and the water discharge rate (p < 0.01); the partial correlation coefficient value reached 0.87. The higher the water discharge rate, the more surface runoff formation was facilitated. (ii) When the slope remained the same, the underground runoff was relatively high at 3 L/min. Given the same discharge, a significant negative correlation between underground runoff and slope was found (p < 0.05); the partial correlation coefficient value reached -0.71. (iii) In response to a water discharge rate of 5 L/min, surface soil erosion was serious, and the maximum sediment transport modulus was 174.088 g/min.m(2). A significant cubic function relationship existed between the scouring time and surface sediment yield. Overall, a critical flow rate occurred between 3 and 5 L/min, which controlled changes in surface runoff, subsurface runoff and surface sediment yield. Under highly concentrated flow, drastic soil erosion could occur. These results can provide a scientific basis for the control and prevention of concentrated flow-induced erosion in karst areas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of seasonal freeze-thaw and wind erosion on runoff and sediment yields of three loamy slopes of Loess Plateau, China

    Li, HaoZhang, GuanhuaMa, JianyeMa, Bo...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil erosion is very pronounced during late winter and early spring when frozen soil thaws on the Loess Plateau of China. The alternating action of seasonal freeze-thaw and wind erosion provides sufficient material sources for water erosion in the rainy season, greatly increasing the risk and intensity of soil erosion. To quantify the effect of seasonal freeze-thaw, wind erosion and their alternating action on runoff and sediment of different slopes, rainfall tests of different slopes (control, seasonal freeze-thaw, wind erosion and seasonal freeze-thaw + wind erosion of sandy loam, silty loam and clay loam) were carried out indoors. The results showed that the mean runoff and sediment yield start times of sandy loam (9.84 and 12.75 min) were significantly greater than those of silty loam (8.92 and 9.98 min) and clay loam (4.92 and 5.98 min, P < 0.05). The start time of runoff yield after wind erosion, freeze-thaw and alternating action slopes increased by 1.14, 1.35 and 1.62 times, respectively, and the time of runoff and sediment yield on the control slope were all the lowest. The runoff rates under different slopes all substantially increased first and then gradually stabilized. On different slopes, the mean runoff rates of the three soils decreased in the order of wind erosion > alternating action > freeze-thaw > control slopes. The minimum value occurred on the alternating action slope with silty loam (161.56 & PLUSMN; 24.78 g/(m2 min)), and the maximum occurred on the wind erosion slope with clay loam (360.77 & PLUSMN; 35.98 g/(m2 min)). The process of sedimentation was similar to that of runoff. The mean sediment yield values of sandy loam (4.82 & PLUSMN; 0.83 kg) and silty loam (4.66 & PLUSMN; 0.58 kg) were much greater than those of clay loam (0.65 & PLUSMN; 0.17 kg). In addition, the sediment yield increase magnitudes of silty loam under freeze-thaw, wind erosion and their alternating action slopes (58.86 %, 17.47 % and 58.18 %, respectively) were higher than those of sandy loam (29.96 %, 3.23 % and 44.28 %, respectively) and clay loam (20.50 %, 13.16 % and 46.19 %, respectively). The contribution rate to sediment yield of soil types was greatest (84.01 %), followed by freeze-thaw (9.56 %) and wind erosion (0.79 %). This study can provide a reference for the study of compound erosional mechanisms and soil and water conservation in seasonal freezing-thaw zones.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Variations and controlling factors of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a meadow-rice ecosystem in a semi-arid region

    Bao, YongzhiLiu, TingxiDuan, LiminTong, Xin...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Although previous studies have illustrated the variations in carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes for different types of wetlands, there have been few reports on those of meadow-rice mixed ecosystems in semi-arid regions. In this study, eddy covariance (EC) technique was utilized to measure CO2 and CH4 fluxes for a meadow rice mixed ecosystem during the growing season in 2020 in the Horqin Sandy Land, North China. The results indicated obvious diurnal and seasonal variations in gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R-eco), net CO2 exchange (NEE), and CH4 flux, with high levels during the vigorous growing stage and low levels during the early and late growing stages. The mean daily GPP, Reco , NEE, and CH4 were 11.33 g CO2 m(-2) d-1 , 6.37 g CO2 m(-2) d-1 ,-4.96 g CO2 m(-2) d-1 , and 81.97 mg CH4 m- 2 d-1 , respectively. The accumulated values of GPP, Reco , NEE, and CH4 during the growing season were 1,756.54 g CO2 m- 2 (478.62 g C m(-2)), 987.30 g CO2 m(-2) (269.02 g C m(-2)),-769.24 g CO2 m(-2) (-209.60 g C m(-2)), and 12.7 g CH4 m- 2 (9.55 g C m(-2)), respectively, showing that the meadow-rice mixed ecosystem acted as CO2 sink and CH4 source. Low intensity CH4 emissions were maintained during the dry period and were controlled by soil moisture (SM). The seasonal dynamics of GPP, R-eco , and CH4 throughout the growing season were mainly controlled by soil temperature (T-s) and air temperature (T-a).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Ecosystem service evaluation and optimisation in the Shule River Basin, China

    Yue, DongxiaZhou, YanyanGuo, JianjunChao, Zengzu...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The water resources in the arid regions of Northwest China are scarce, and the ecological environment is fragile. Therefore, the evaluation and optimisation of ecosystem services (ESs) in these regions are key to regional ecological security and sustainable development. Few previous studies have incorporated trade-offs and synergies between services provided by various ecosystems into optimal scenario setting constraints. Here, considering the Shule River Basin (SRB) as a typical arid area, we evaluated four ESs, including net primary productivity (NPP), soil conservation (SC), sand retention (SR), and water yield (WY), from 2001 to 2018, and explored their spatiotemporal characteristics. Combining the synergy of ESs and ecological environment protection objectives of the basin, we designed three optimisation scenarios, namely 'maximum probability of land use suitability' (S1), 'increase in NPP without decrease in WY' (S2), and 'increase in NPP without decrease in SC and SR' (S3), based on the cellular automata model to optimise ESs. The four ESs in the SRB showed fluctuating but increasing temporal trends, with the increase in NPP being the most obvious. Moreover, the four ESs exhibited obvious spatial heterogeneity. WY showed synergistic relationships with the other three services, and these relationships became stronger over time. In S1, SC increased, whilst NPP, SR, and WY decreased; in S2, the four ESs increased; and in S3, NPP, SC, and SR increased, whilst WY decreased slightly. Based on the trade-off and synergy of optimised ESs, the scenarios (S2 and S3) in which the services in synergy with NPP do not decrease can improve the ESs as well as weaken the trade-off and strengthen the synergy between them. These findings are used for stakeholders to deepen their understanding of the future consequences associated with today's human activities and decisions, against a range of possible outcomes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of efflorescence and subflorescence by different salts on soil physical properties and aeolian erosion

    Dai, JiadongZhang, GuomingLiu, LianyouShi, Peijun...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Salt minerals have profound influences on soil architecture and physical properties through efflorescence and subflorescence. However, there is a lack of data on identifying the role of salt mineral types in aeolian erosion. In this study, seven types of single salt including NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4, K2SO4, MgSO4, and Na2CO3 were examined to preliminarily explore the influencing mechanism of efflorescence and subflorescence by these salts on aeolian erosion. Soil samples treated by these salts were prepared under an environmental condition of summer in the semiarid region and wind tunnel tests were conducted subsequently under a strong wind of 18 m s(- 1). The results show that Na2SO4, MgSO4, and Na2CO3 generated highly emissive surfaces. Crystals of Na2SO4 and Na2CO3 occurring in an acicular form and arranging loosely induced crusts with weak strength. For MgSO4, the fluffy aggregates on the crust surface as a result of dehydration were the main dust source. MgSO4 crystals within the crust occurred in a prismatic form and were covered with fissures or cracks, inducing a salt crust with great strength, but having the tendency to dehydrate. The crystals of NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2 occurred in cubic or tabular form and in compact arrangement, forming crusts with great strength and inhibiting dust emission. K2SO(4) formed a thin crust peeling off from the soil which is susceptible to aeolian erosion. Under the influence of subflorescence, Na2SO4, MgSO4, and Na2CO3 attenuated the strength of the soil through salt heaving, which increased the potential of aeolian erosion. In contrast, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and K2SO4 played a role as bonding agent and reduced the potential of aeolian erosion. These results suggest that salts that could crystalize into hydrous and anhydrous minerals, such as Na2SO4, MgSO4 and Na2CO3, can remarkably enhance the potential of dust emission at the soil surface and subsurface.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Soil detachment by sediment-laden rill flow interpreted using three experimental design methods

    Zhou, ChunhongShen, NanZhang, FengbaoDelang, Claudio O....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil detachment by rill flow is a key sub-process of rill erosion on hillslope areas; however, many studies have focused on soil detachment by clear rather than by sediment-laden rill flow and most studies have used the time and labor-consuming full-factorial design. This study used three experimental design methods, including the full factorial design, orthogonal design, and Taguchi method for indoor flume experiments to explore the process of soil detachment by sediment-laden rill flow. We analyzed and quantified the effects of the slope, flow discharge, and sediment load on the soil detachment rate by sediment-laden rill flow, and compared the results of the three experimental design methods to evaluate the applicability of the orthogonal design and Taguchi method in indoor flume experiments. The results showed that the flow discharge and slope were positively correlated with the soil detachment rate, while the sediment load was negatively correlated with it. The main effects of slope, flow discharge, and sediment load on the soil detachment rate, which were obtained from the three methods, had the same trends. The contribution rates of the flow discharge, slope, and sediment load were 46.20-47.83, 34.42-40.88, and 7.45-12.87%, respectively. The contribution rates of each factor obtained from the three methods were slightly different, but the overall ranked order was the same. The Taguchi method and the orthogonal design can effectively reduce the number of tests and ensure low relative errors. The prediction of the soil detachment rate from the Taguchi method was closer to the full-factorial design than the orthogonal design. Therefore, the Taguchi method proved was most efficient for flume experiments on soil detachment processes by the sediment-laden rill flow.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Organic sulfur mineralization in surface soils from coastal wetlands with different flooding periods affected by the flow-sediment regulation in the Yellow River Delta, China

    Bai, JunhongWen, LixiangZhang, GuangliangWang, Wei...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil organic sulfur mineralization can provide absorbable sulfate for plants. However, little is known about the influencing mechanisms of hydrological conditions on soil organic sulfur mineralization in coastal wetlands. Here, an in-situ incubation experiment was conducted to identify the seasonal characteristics of organic sulfur mineralization rates (RNSM) from April to October in surface soils in the seasonal flooding wetlands (SEW), the short-term flooding wetlands (SHW) and the tidal flooding wetlands (TIW) affected by flow-sediment regulation. The results showed lower electrical conductivity (EC) and sand contents and higher water content, and silt and clay contents in SEW, SHW and TIW soils after flow-sediment regulation. The dehydrogenase enzyme activity values in three wetland soils increased from May to August and then decreased after August. Generally, the microbial biomass carbon levels in three wetland soils decreased firstly from May to June and then increased from June to September. However, both arylsulfatase enzyme activity and microbial biomass nitrogen showed different seasonal fluctuations in three wetland soils. The RNSM values in three wetland soils were obviously enhanced during the regulation, but higher RNSM values were observed in SEW soils. Soil properties such as EC and microbial activity were the main factors influencing the RNSM values in these wetland soils. These findings of this study can provide an in-deep understanding of organic sulfur mineralization in wetland soils of the ecotone formed by the interaction between freshwater and seawater in the large river deltas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier