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Forest Ecology and Management
Elsevier Science
Forest Ecology and Management

Elsevier Science

0378-1127

Forest Ecology and Management/Journal Forest Ecology and ManagementSCIISTPEIAHCI
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    Shorea albida Sym. does not regenerate in the Badas peat swamp forest, Brunei Darussalam – An assessment using remote sensing technology

    Yong G.Y.V.Sukri R.S.Lai D.T.C.Becek K....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Author(s)The Badas peat swamp forest, Brunei Darussalam, Borneo, is a large Baram river peatland formation facing pressures from natural and increasingly anthropogenic disturbances. Although the peat forest should regenerate naturally after disturbances, there is little quantitative information documenting this regeneration. Given the impenetrability and remoteness of peatland forests, remote sensing technology can fill the peatland forest regeneration knowledge gap. This paper reports on the findings of a study on the resilience of the Badas peat swamp forest, composed primarily of Shorea albida Sym. We identified the scars caused by logging and caterpillar infestation using photo interpretation and the forest inventory map. We employed the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), TanDEM-X 90 m (TDX) digital elevation products, and AW3D30 m (AW) digital surface model (DSM) to assess the regeneration of disturbed forest scars over 14 years. Through measurements of forest height and other indices, we found that the Badas peat swamp forest did not recover from these past disturbances and the depletion of scars progressed even further. Our findings support other authors' conclusions suggesting irrevocable degradation of Bornean peatland and peat forests. We also introduce an accuracy assessment of the forest biomass estimation relying on a comparison of DSMs and present a detailed morphology of the surface of the Badas peat dome.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Hydraulic traits predict stem growth across Hevea brasiliensis clones in a Malaysian climatically marginal area

    Hazir M.H.M.Gloor E.Galbraith D.
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Competition for land resources is forcing rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) production into more agroclimatically vulnerable zones, which are more likely to be affected by drought. It is therefore of interest to determine whether there are particularly drought resistant rubber genotypes. Established plant drought-resistance indicators include xylem resistance to embolism under water stress (P50, water potential at which 50% xylem conductivity is lost), and hydraulic safety margins (HSM50), defined as the difference between P50 and minimum leaf water potential (Pmin) under driest conditions in the year. We report here on measurements of in-situ growth performance of nine mature rubber clones at an agro-climatically marginal site in North-Western Malaysia and their hydraulic, leaf and stem traits to investigate inter-clonal variation in drought resistance and growth rate. We find that P50 varies substantially across clones, between ?3.05 and ?1.37 MPa, while HSM50 varied within the range of ?0.11 MPa to 1.37 MPa. Similar to what has been reported across species, we find a growth-hydraulic safety trade-off between rubber clones with faster growth rates associated with a lower HSM50 and less negative P50, with one exception. Based on hierarchic linear regression we find that almost all of the best growth models include hydraulic traits, besides morphological traits, indicating that hydraulic traits are important to predict growth accurately. Furthermore, rubber genotypes with high growth rate and low hydraulic safety margin (HSM50) were associated with lower wood density, higher leaf to sapwood area and larger leaf area. Overall while there are clones that are more drought resistant and are thus suited for plantation in marginal areas, they tend to be less productive.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Impact of spatial configuration of training data on the performance of Amazonian tree species distribution models

    Chaves P.P.Ruokolainen K.Van doninck J.Tuomisto H....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Author(s)Remote sensing can provide useful explanatory variables for tree species distribution modeling, but only a few studies have explored this potential in Amazonia at local scales. Particularly for tropical forest management it would be useful to be able to predict the potential distribution of important tree taxa in areas where field data is as yet missing. Forest concessions produce valuable census data that cover large areas with high sampling effort and can be used as occurrence data in species distribution models (SDM). Nevertheless, these tree records are often spatially clumped and possibly only provide accurate predictions over areas close to where the training occurrence records are located. Here, we aim at investigating to what degree SDM performance and spatial predictions differ between models that have different spatial configurations of the occurrence data. For this, we divided the available occurrence data from a forest concession census in Peruvian Amazonia into different spatial configurations (narrow, elongated and compact), each of which contained approximately 20% of the full dataset. We then modelled the distributions of five tree taxa using Landsat data and elevation. More elongated configurations of the training data were more representative of the available environmental space, and also produced more robust SDMs. Average model performance (expressed as AUC) was 5% higher and variation in model performance 50% lower when elongated rather than compact configurations of training area were used. This confirms that covering only a small fraction of the environmental variability in the area of interest may lead to misleading SDM predictions, which needs to be taken into account when forest management decisions are based on SDMs.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Unexpected reduction of soil mesofauna under canopy N deposition in a subtropical forest

    Xu G.Yu S.Chen J.Mo L....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Nitrogen (N) deposition is a worldwide environmental problem. Although the effects of N deposition on ecosystems have been widely studied, most of these studies failed to consider how the effects of N deposition were altered by plant canopy interception. Here, we compared the effects of canopy addition of N (CAN) vs. understory addition of N (UAN) on soil mesofauna in a monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest in Guangdong Province, South China; the CAN and UAN treatments (plus a control without N addition) were applied monthly (April to October) at two rates (25 and 50 kg N ha?1yr?1) started in April 2013. Soil mesofauna were extracted from the soil and quantified at 19th month (November 2014) and 31st month (November 2015) after the experiment began. We found significant effects of the addition approaches (CAN vs. UAN) on soil mesofauna. However, contrary to our expectations, the results showed a negative reaction of soil mesofauna to CAN approach compared with UAN approach. In 2015, the individuals, group richness and diversity of the mesofauna community, and the individuals of Oribatida and Collembola in CAN plots were significantly less than in UAN plots. This study discovered the different effects of CAN vs. UAN approaches on soil mesofauna. The negative effects of CAN on soil mesofauna would not be explained by the variation of reactive nitrogen but by some other non-N washed ions from the canopy into the soil. More attentions should be paid to the study on canopy process of N deposition in the future.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Why shading cedar (Cedrela fissilis) reduces damage caused by mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller)?

    Borges M.Laumann R.A.Blassioli-Moraes M.C.Borges R....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Cedar (Cedrela fissilis) is a major timber species native to South America that has suffered frequent impacts from illegal harvesting. Cultivation efforts have experienced recurrent failures due to the action of the mahogany shoot borer Hypsipyla grandella, which, when attacking the plants in the first years of growth, inflicts negative effects on the commercial use of this timber. One of the methods used to reduce attacks by this insect is planting cedar in shaded areas, but the factor that makes shaded plants to be less attacked is still unknown. Considering that variation in photosynthetically active radiation can alter the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plants, our hypothesis is that shading cedar plants alters their production of volatile compounds, including those that affect host location by H. grandella adults. To check this hypothesis, the authors used an air-entrainment system to collect VOCs emitted by cedar under different levels of artificial shading (50%, 30%, 15%) and full sunlight. The influence of the volatiles emitted by cedar plants on H. grandella was then assessed through electroantennographic/GC assays. One volatile compound, methyl salicylate, which was found to experience enhanced emission in shaded cedar plants, was then subjected to a field experiment to evaluate its influence on host location by H. grandella moths. From thirty VOCs emitted by the tested cedar plants, nine exhibited enhanced emission when plants were shaded: methyl salicylate, methyl-5-methylhexanoate, the monoterpenes α-pinene and eucalyptol, the homoterpenes (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E-E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) the sesquiterpenes, β-caryophyllene, β-cubebene and an unidentified sesquiterpene. Antennal response from H. grandella female and male antennae was observed to four volatile compounds, nonanal, decanal, methyl salicylate, and β-caryophyllene, when stimulated with the air-entrainment cedar plant extracts. A synthetic blend comprising these four compounds also elicited antennal responses from H. grandella. Field studies showed that plants treated with methyl salicylate exhibited a lower rate of damage by H. grandella caterpillars. These results indicate the potential of this semiochemical as a management tool for H. grandella in cedar cultivations.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Hardwood mixture increases stand productivity through increasing the amount of leaf nitrogen and modifying biomass allocation in a conifer plantation

    Masuda C.Morikawa Y.Koga W.Suzuki M....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Recent studies have demonstrated positive effects of hardwood mixtures on stand productivity in conifer plantations. However, the extent to which hardwood mixture increases leaf nitrogen levels and improves stand productivity (in terms of nutrient cycling) remains poorly understood. In this study, we estimated leaf nitrogen per stand (leaf Nstand) by multiplying mass-based leaf nitrogen (leaf Nmass) and leaf mass per stand (leaf Mstand) in conifers, hardwoods, and understory plants in a thinning experiment. The experiment, performed in 2018, was conducted under unthinned (Control) with few hardwoods, 33% thinned (Weak) with a small amount of hardwoods, and 67% thinned (Intensive) with abundant hardwoods in a conifer Cryptomeria japonica (C. japonica) plantation. We also investigated the stand volume of conifers and hardwoods during the 12-year period (2008–2020) after the second thinning (2008), in all three groups. Of all plants—conifers (C. japonica), hardwoods, and understory plants—stand volume, leaf Mstand, and leaf Nstand were all highest in Control and lowest in Intensive. The ratio between the values of Intensive and Control was 27.5% for stand volume, 58.9% for leaf Mstand, and 72.8% for leaf Nstand. This is due to the fact that the leaf Mstand of hardwoods—which had approximately 2–3 times the leaf Nmass of C. japonica—increased rapidly with increasing thinning intensity, and the leaf Mstand of the understory plants—which had approximately twice the leaf Nmass of C. japonica—increased monotonically with increasing thinning intensity, although both the leaf Mstand and leaf Nstand decreased with increasing thinning intensity in both current-year and old C. japonica leaves. In conifers, the relative increment in stand volume was positively correlated with the leaf mass ratio (ratio between the leaf Mstand and stand volume of conifer) and leaf N ratio of conifer (ratio between the leaf Nstand and stand volume), suggesting that disproportionate biomass investment in leaves enhances productivity in conifers. The study suggests that hardwood mixture can significantly increase forest productivity, mainly due to a disproportionate increase in leaf nitrogen in hardwoods and an increase in biomass allocation to leaves in conifers in a conifer, C. japonica plantation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Environmental cost of deforestation in Brazil's Amazon Rainforest: Controlling biocapacity deficit and renewable wastes for conserving forest resources

    Zaman K.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The environmental cost of deforestation increases greenhouse gas emissions, which hinders achieving the global environmental sustainability agenda. The greater annual deforestation rate in Brazil's Amazon rainforest negatively impacted global climate change, which opened a call for conservation debates of the country's rainforest. The study evaluated some critical economic issues related to deforestation in Brazils' rainforest, covering more than four decades of data. The asymmetry arises in the forest rents and the nation's biocapacity deficit at the forefront of sustainability matters. The results show that positive and negative shocks of forest rents reduce carbon emissions in the short- and long run. On the other hand, the negative shocks of the nation's biocapacity deficit, fossil fuel combustion, and continued economic growth increase carbon emissions in the long run. The initial value of renewable waste increases carbon emissions in the short run; however, it decreases in the long run. The innovation accounting estimates suggest that fossil fuel combustion will exert a more significant change in carbon emissions, followed by the economic growth, forest rents, the nation's biocapacity deficit, and renewable waste for the next ten years' time period. The study concludes that the rate of ecological footprints surpassed the nation's biocapacity indicator, causing an increase in the total carbon emissions level. The policy derives that the country should have to minimize ecological footprints and fossil fuel combustions and raise forest rents that help reduce deforestation of Amazon's rainforest, which eventually absorb GHG emissions to tackle climate change issues.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Forest landscapes increase diversity of honeybee diets in the tropics

    Cannizzaro C.Wilson R.S.Newis R.Kerlin D.H....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Honeybees (Apis mellifera) depend entirely on floral resources (pollen and nectar) in their surrounding landscape to satisfy their dietary needs. Honeybee diets in temperate areas have been well studied, and there is increasing evidence that floral diversity is critical for honeybee health. Tropical forests often contain high floral diversity but honeybee diets have been rarely studied in the tropics. We aim to compare the botanical sources in bee bread between landscapes with and without surrounding forest cover in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea. We collected bee bread from 24 hives across 8 sites over two years and examined floral sources, diversity measures and major plant groups using DNA metabarcoding. We identified a total of 89 taxa across 34 orders, 41 families, 84 genera and 61 species of botanical sources in bee bread. Bee bread from hives in sites with surrounding forest contained significantly greater species diversity (H’ Forest = 1.4, H’ No forest = 1.1) and species evenness (J Forest = 0.68, J No forest = 0.6). Trees were the most abundant source of bee bread, regardless of landscape, and constituted 52% of total abundance. Herbaceous plants, mostly introduced species, were the second most abundant floral sources at ～ 26% of total bee bread abundance, particularly in forest landscapes. We found the most abundant sources such as introduced tree species Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae) and native tree species Syzigium unipunctatum (Myrtaceae) were foraged on in both landscapes; other common species included introduced species Hylodesmum nudifloram (Facbaceae) and Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae), and native food crop Entada phaseoloides (Fabaceae). Interestingly, many wind pollinated species were found in both landscapes including Araucaria (Araucariaceae), Pinus (Pinaceae), Nothofagaceae species and Poaceae species. Our work suggests that bees are seeking out floral tree resources even in landscapes where trees are scarce. Thus beekeeping in tropical environments would benefit from preserving remaining forest cover and incorporating more trees to existing, open landscapes to optimize the diversity in honeybee diets.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Estimation of evapotranspiration in Eucalyptus plantation and mixed forests based on air temperature and humidity

    Yang G.Deng Y.Lan P.Xie L....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Soil evaporation, Air temperature and humidity inside and outside the forest and river flows were continually monitored in eucalyptus plantations (EU) and coniferous broadleaved mixed forests (MFs) to investigate the reasons for the decreased runoff recorded in EU. The applicabilities of four estimation methods based on air temperature and humidity were evaluated and verified. Our results show that: (1) the average annual solar radiation penetration rate of the EU canopies was 1.75 times that of the MFs canopies, and temperatures were lower inside the two forests than outside the forests. The daily average temperatures inside the EU and MFs were 20.7 ℃ and 20.8 ℃, respectively, which were 1.5 ℃ and 1.4 ℃ lower than those outside the forests. The daily average relative humidity was 0.8% higher in the MFs than in the EU. (2) The evapotranspiration of EU and MFs accounted for 80.2% and 76.3% of the total rainfall respectively, of which the soil evaporation was 12.8% and 8.9% respectively, and the runoff production coefficients were 0.198 and 0.237 respectively. The main reason for the decrease of the EU production was that soil evaporation in EU was 43.8% higher than that in MFs. (3) The deviation of EU and MFs evapotranspiration (ET0) from the measured values was estimated by the ET0Valian(T, RH) and ET0Alt/rs(T, RH) methods as less than 10%. (4) Using the product of the extraterrestrial solar radiation and the surface solar emissivity of the forest instead of the extraterrestrial solar radiation in these four formulas, the variation trend of the estimated forest soil evaporation was highly similar to the measured value. ET0Valian(T, RH) and ET0Alt/rs(T, RH) had the highest accuracy in soil evaporation estimation (2.0–3.4% lower than the measured values). The results provide a theoretical basis for studying the ecohydrology of subtropical plantations in the Northern Hemisphere.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dynamic changes in mangroves of the largest delta in northern Beibu Gulf, China: Reasons and causes

    Long C.Dai Z.Lou Y.Zhou X....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Many mangrove forests occur along estuaries and deltas are experiencing irreparable losses throughout the world due to changes in natural factors and intensive anthropogenic interferences. However, little information is available regarding variations in mangrove forests and associated reasons and causes. Here, the long-term dynamic patterns of mangrove forests in the Nanliu River Delta (NRD), the largest delta in the Beibu Gulf, China, were detected based on a series of hydrosediment data and remote sensing images between 1986 and 2020. The results indicated that the total mangrove forest area of the NRD increased in an incremental manner, even though a rapid decline occurred in the western terrestrial margin of the delta before 1998. Additionally, mangrove forests have expanded southeastward to the sea in the eastern NRD, and they have colonized to the southwest in the western NRD. Moreover, long-lasting horizontal seaward expansion with vertical accretion in the bare tidal flat of the NRD created new sites for potential mangrove regeneration. Furthermore, an average annual sea level rise of 0.2 mm per year and an 86% decline in fluvial sediment supply could not cause expansions and local losses of mangrove forests. The combination of local tidal currents and waves transports sufficient estuarine sediment to the northeast into the delta to provide important sediment material for the deposition of mangrove tidal flats. The mangrove forest destruction induced by local residents and the ecological restoration implemented by the government are the causes of the continuous serious losses and extensive gains of mangrove forests, respectively. The results highlighted that the dynamic changes in mangrove forests in the NRD caused by driving forces from natural and human interferences can serve as significant references for mangrove forest restoration and decision-making policy management in similar deltas around the world.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier