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Forest Ecology and Management
Elsevier Science
Forest Ecology and Management

Elsevier Science

0378-1127

Forest Ecology and Management/Journal Forest Ecology and ManagementSCIISTPEIAHCI
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    Assessment of drought effects on survival and growth dynamics in eucalypt commercial forestry using remote sensing photogrammetry. A showcase in Mato Grosso, Brazil

    Tupinamba-Simoes, FredericoBravo, FelipeGuerra-Hernandez, JuanPascual, Adrian...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The plantation of fast-growing tree species plays a crucial role in supplying forest products to growing economies while relieving pressure on native forests reducing the overexploitation of native ecosystems. Grown in more than 90 countries, Eucalyptus spp. are fast-growing tree species driving economic production comprising pulp, wood, or thermal energy. Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of extreme drought episodes: the 2019 drought in Mato Grosso, Brazil, was the second driest episode ever recorded. Forest inventory data comprising thousands of individual tree measurements collected in consecutive surveys - years 2019, 2020, 2021 - were modelled with mixed-effects models to identify significant factors influencing tree mortality after drought. Time-series of growth dynamics of the four eucalypt commercial clones were tested. For the landscape assessment, surveys using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) supported a high-resolution image mosaicking to derive digital surface models and the vegetation indexes driving segmentation and classification methods using ground plot-level observations as training data. The impact of drought was measured in terms of mortality, growth dynamics and the financial losses computed when valuing the 1400-ha plantation along the 3-year series. The modelling results showed high-stocking plantations suffered more from extreme water-stress conditions. The interaction between stocking and clone was analysed. On average, the 2019 drought triggered an estimate loss of $3500 per hectare. The estimation of live and dead conditions using UAV-based outcomes reached an overall accuracy of 89% and 0.7 in the Cohen's kappa used to map forest health wall-to-wall. Our findings advocate for a reduction of tree planting density and enhanced clone selection to turn eucalypt plantations more resilient to extreme water-stress. Combining UAV-based remote sensing technology, ground truth data and management expertise in eucalypt management eases the operationalization of data-driven solutions towards more resilient silvicultural guidelines and increased efficiency of forest plantations.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evaluation of the genetic diversity of Pinus koraiensis by EST-SSR and its management, utilization and protection

    Wei, JiatongXu, HuazheWang, YuliangZang, Chuanhai...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Pinus koraiensis is an important economic species in China. With a gradual decrease in their natural population and the increasing demand for wood, there is an urgent need to collect P. koraiensis germplasm resources and explore their genetic diversity for better management and protection. In this study, 11 pairs of EST-SSR primers were synthesized based on RNA-seq technology. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.48, which indicated that the primers had good polymorphism. 11 pairs of EST-SSR primers were used to study the genetic diversity in 26 provenances of P. koraiensis. Molecular variance analyses showed that 50% of the variations occurred among the provenances. The average Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.39, which indicated moderate genetic diversity. The observed number of alleles (Na = 41), effective number of alleles (Ne = 2.28), expected heterozygosity (He = 0.47), and Shannon diversity index (I = 0.86) of DST provenance were the maximum, which indicated that the genetic diversity in DST provenance was relatively abundant. The genetic distance was 0.002-1.729. The coefficient of genetic differentiation was 0.010-0.847. Based on genetic structure analyses, through principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and neighbor-joining method analysis (NJ) 26 provenances were clustered into six categories. The results of this study may provide the reference primers for P. koraiensis and related tree species, and useful genetic information for strategies for improvement, management, and protection of P. koraiensis.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Machine-Learning-based evaluation of the time-lagged effect of meteorological factors on 10-hour dead fuel moisture content

    Shmuel, AssafZiv, YiftachHeifetz, Eyal
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ten-hour dead fuel moisture content (DFMC10) is an important determinant of wildfire risk, as it provides a reasonable proxy to vegetation flammability. Thus far DFMC10 prediction by physical models has shown limited accordance with empirical measurements. DFMC10 can be measured using fuel-sticks, but to date these are only used in part of the meteorological stations. The goal of this paper is to improve the prediction accuracy of DFMC10 in the Mediterranean climate of Israel, where we collected four-year data from fuel sticks located in six meteorological stations. We show that Machine Learning (ML) models have the potential of accurately predicting DFMC10 based on historical values of temperature, relative humidity, rain, and additional meteorological fac-tors. Our best ML model predicts low (<28%) DFMC10 values with an accuracy of 0.67% (MAE). The model even obtained a good MAE score (1.53%) when predicting data in stations it was never trained on.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Welcoming new editors for Forest Ecology and Management!

    Binkley, DanFernandez, Maria ElenaFredericksen, ToddPrescott, Cindy...
    3页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A multi-point aggregation trend of the outbreak of pine wilt disease in China over the past 20 years

    Hao, ZhuoqingHuang, JixiaLi, XiaodongSun, Hong...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Pine wilt disease is a worldwide forest disease, caused by an invasive species in China that is highly dangerous. It caused huge losses to the Chinese ecological environment, natural landscape and social economy. The existing studies on the spread of pine wilt disease have been limited in scope and duration and have been fragmented. This study aims to apply macroscopic analysis to reveal the spatiotemporal spread of pine wilt disease in mainland China and provide a scientific basis for the control of pine wilt disease. According to statistical pine wilt disease data from 1998 to 2017 and NDVI data for China, we showed relevant information concerning the disease graphically, mapped the distribution of the infected area in ArcGIS and performed scan statistics in SaTScan to detect spatiotemporal clusters. This study applied macroscopic analysis of the evolution of pine wilt disease over a long duration, revealing the occurrence, spatial distribution and aggregation of infections and the spatial and temporal patterns of the disease. The results show that the pine wilt disease is concentrated in southeastern China and has a strong spatial correlation. The trend of spread of the infected area was examined using 2013 as the node. Pine wilt disease spread in a pattern of "spread - stabilization - outbreak - full outbreak" throughout the country. The direction of spread was from south to north, coast to inland, developed to developing areas, and multiple areas were affected with multiple outbreaks. According to the spatiotemporal scan results, disease occurrence in the long-infested areas of Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Guangdong Provinces showed high clustering, and new clusters were formed in Sichuan, Chongqing and there surrounding areas with the spread of the disease. The spread of pine wilt disease was distributed across multiple areas with multiple outbreaks and showed significant characteristics of spatiotemporal aggregation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Unprecedented large-area turnover estimates for the subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest based on systematically-gathered data

    Vibrans, Alexander ChristianOliveira, Laio Zimermannde Gasper, Andre LuisLingner, Debora Vanessa...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Secondary forests play an important role as landscape elements, providing carbon uptake, biodiversity recovery, and income for rural communities. We aimed to present change estimates for three forest types in the subtropical Atlantic Forest, namely evergreen rainforest (ERF), Araucaria forest (AF), and semi-deciduous forest (SF). We used data gathered on 303 systematically-distributed permanent plots distributed across -23% of the subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which nowadays is mostly composed of secondary stands. We found positive mean net changes in tree density ha-1 yr- 1, basal area ha-1 yr- 1, and aboveground biomass (AGB) ha-1 yr- 1 for all forest types. The ERF had a statistically significantly greater mean net change in AGB ha-1 yr- 1 than those of the other forest types. Relative to initial and final stocks though, mean annual rates of gain and loss (% ha-1 yr- 1) for the abovementioned forest attributes were statistically equivalent among the forest types. Estimated mean net changes in AGB for the studied forest types ranged from 4.9 to 8.1 Mg ha-1 for a 5-year period. The mean net changes we found are smaller than those reported for secondary tropical forests, possibly due to climate constraints and increased sampling variability. The AGB stocks of the inventoried forests accounted, on average, to one-third of the stocks of local mature forests. Therefore, the carbon sink potential of these forests is not exhausted yet. In general, species richness, structural diversity, and community-weighted mean wood density had significant effects on annual rates of AGB gain and loss in the ERF and AF, presumably mediated by forest development stage. Greater gain rates were found on plots with smaller structural diversity and wood density in both forest types. Likewise, greater loss rates were found on plots with smaller structural diversity and wood density in the ERF, suggesting that light-demanding species are being substituted by more selective species. Conversely, greater loss rates were not found on plots with smaller structural diversity and wood density in the AF, possibly because light-demanding species are still finding favorable environments for their persistence. Our findings can contribute to reducing uncertainties in large-area estimates of AGB stocks, growth, and carbon uptake rates. The implementation of large-scale inventories should be encouraged to improve carbon cycle models under different climate change scenarios.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Tradition as asset or burden for transitions from forests as cropping systems to multifunctional forest landscapes: Sweden as a case study

    Tivell, AndersOster, LeifTeplyakov, VictorAngelstam, Per...
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：Expectations of what forests and woodlands should provide vary among locations, stakeholder groups, and over time. Developing multifunctional forests requires understanding of the dynamic roles of traditions and cultural legacies in social-ecological systems at multiple levels and scales. Implementing policies about multifunctional forests requires a landscape and social-ecological perspective, and recognition of both spatial and temporal features at multiple scales. This study explores the dissemination of even-aged silviculture in central, eastern and northern Europe, and the consequences of choosing different vantage points in social-ecological systems for mapping of barriers, and to identify levers, towards multifunctional forest landscapes. Using a narrative approach, we first summarise the development of even-aged silviculture in four European regions. Next, we focus on Sweden as a keen adopter of even-aged silviculture, and identify levers at three groups of vantage points. They were (1) biosphere with biodiversity as short-hand for composition, structure and function of ecosystems, which support human well-being at multiple scales; (2) society in terms of different levels of stakeholder interactions from local to global, and (3) economy represented by value chain hierarchies and currencies. The emergence of even-aged silviculture >200 years ago formed an expanding frontier from central to northern Europe. Sustained yield wood production and biodiversity conservation encompass different portfolios of ecosystem aspects and spatio-temporal scales. Ignorance and lack of knowledge about these differences enforce their mutual rivalry. An exploratory review of six groups of stakeholders at multiple levels in the traditional industrial forest value chain highlights inequalities in terms of distribution of income and power across different levels of governance. This effectively marginalises other than powerful industrial actors. The distribution of financial results along the value chain is dynamic in space and time, and not all benefits of forest ecosystems can be measured using monetary valuation. There are also other currencies and incentives. A discussion of cultural trajectories in central and eastern European, Russian and Swedish forest management illustrates that forest history patterns repeat themselves. Longitudinal case studies of countries and regions can help foster holistic multi-dimensional and multilevel systems thinking. Application of deep levers of change is likely to require external drivers. A key challenge is to handle the manufacturing of doubt and decay of truth, i.e., the appearance of alternative facts, and the diminishing role of evidence and systems analyses in political and civic discourses. This transition is fuelled by new and rapidly evolving digital arenas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Forest structure drives the expected growth of Pinus nigra along its latitudinal gradient under warming climate

    Garcia-Cervigon, A., ITiscar, P. A.Andivia, E.Bose, A. K....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Droughts chronically alter resource availability in forest ecosystems. The increased frequency and severity of such extreme climate events challenge the acclimation potential of tree species especially across the droughtprone Mediterranean region. Pinus nigra is a widely distributed tree species in the Mediterranean region and considered vulnerable to extreme droughts. We used a 1000 km latitudinal gradient from northern Morocco to north-eastern Spain incorporating four regions (Edge-South, Core-South, Core-North and Edge-North) and including different P. nigra provenances. We aim to identify the climate and forest structure related drivers that influence tree radial growth (BAI, basal area increment). We developed statistical models for BAI by incorporating the potential effects of climate and forest structure (diameter and age distributions). Then, we forecasted the future growth of P. nigra forests during the 21st century considering the emission scenario A2 with an expected increase of +2.7 degrees C at the end of this century. Our results showed large variability across P. nigra populations in terms of environmental conditions, forest structure, and growth. The northernmost P. nigra populations, subjected to wetter and cooler conditions were those presenting the lowest BAI (4.9 cm2), whereas the southernmost P. nigra populations subjected to drier and warmer conditions presented the highest BAI values (11.5 cm2). Pinus nigra growth was enhanced by high spring precipitation, but this positive effect was probably modulated by forest structure. Temperature explained a higher proportion of the BAI variance than precipitation, with warmer summer conditions decreasing growth. Growth projections forecasted a decline in BAI (from 9.6 to 7.0 cm2) across all ecological regions starting around the mid-21st century but being lower in Edge-North populations compared to the other populations. Our study provides quantitative knowledge related to how P. nigra populations have been growing across four distinctive ecological regions. We also provide a forecasting tool that incorporates both climate and stand structure related information to project dynamics in tree populations.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Does the need to drink influence nest site selection in a wide-ranging threatened cockatoo?

    Craig, Michael D.Kirkby, TonyStokes, Vicki L.Renton, Michael...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Conserving wide-ranging species is challenging and requires an understanding of resource selection at multiple spatial scales, including how functional resources interact. Understanding this interaction is likely to be particularly important if resources are rare, such as tree hollows, or likely to change into the future under climate change, such as water availability and distribution. We examined nest selection by Karak (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso), a threatened obligate tree hollow nester endemic to south-western Australia, globally one of the regions most affected by climate change. We aimed to identify factors influencing nest hollow selection at multiple spatial scales including interactions between functional resources. We found that nest selection occurred primarily at the hollow scale, with deeper, higher hollows selected, and at the landscape scale, with hollows closer to ephemeral and permanent drink sites selected. The preference for specific types of hollows indicated that suitable hollows are likely to be scarce in the landscape and that management prescriptions need to be developed to maintain the supply of suitable hollows. Maintenance of drink sites in an area experiencing significant declines in rainfall will require more novel management prescriptions, which could potentially include the provision of artificial drink sites. Overall, our study demonstrated the importance of understanding interactions between functional resources at large spatial scales for the effective conservation of wide-ranging species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Differences in soil water and nutrients under catchment afforestation and natural restoration shape herbaceous communities on the Chinese Loess Plateau

    Dang, HanLi, JiahaoXu, JinshiChu, Guangchen...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is one of the areas with the most serious soil erosion worldwide. Vegetation restoration is the main way to control soil erosion and combat land degradation in this region. Using the methods of afforestation and natural restoration, there are large differences in the diversity pattern and community structure of the herbaceous plants, which affects the ecological security and restoration effectiveness. However, current studies are often less focused on this aspect, or only woody plants are considered. In this study, two adjacent catchments with similar geological backgrounds but different restoration methods on the CLP were selected; one catchment was subject to afforestation, and the other was subject to natural grassland revegetation. To clarify the environmental causes of the different performances of the herbaceous communities under these two restoration methods, the functional traits and species diversity patterns of the herbaceous plants, soil physicochemical properties and topographic factors in the two catchments were investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the functional traits of the herbaceous communities between these two different restoration methods. Natural restoration produced a significantly higher diversity of herbaceous plants than did afforestation. Differences in soil water, nitrate nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus contents between the two catchments were the key reasons for the functional traits and diversity differences between the herbaceous communities. Moreover, we found that hillslopes and gullies showed different patterns in water related functional traits, especially in the naturally restored catchment, which was probably caused by the soil water differences in these two landforms. The results of this study can help us better understand the diversity patterns of herbaceous communities under the measures of natural and artificial vegetation restoration on the CLP.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier