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Forest Ecology and Management
Elsevier Science
Forest Ecology and Management

Elsevier Science

0378-1127

Forest Ecology and Management/Journal Forest Ecology and ManagementSCIISTPEIAHCI
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    Low germination rate of Pinus hartwegii seeds from trees growing at high elevations: Vulnerability to climate change?

    Perez, Jose Luis MartinezGeorge-Miranda, SaulGuillen, SusanaViveros-Viveros, Hector...
    9页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of stand and landscape level variables on shoot damage ratios caused by shoot beetles in Southwest China

    Luo, YouqingYu, LinfengZhan, ZhongyiRen, Lili...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The outbreaks of shoot beetles (Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall and Faccoli and Tomicus minor Hartig) have caused widespread tree mortality in Southwest China. However, multi-scale variables explaining the shoot damage ratio (SDR) caused by shoot beetles have never been studied. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of stand-level and landscape-level variables on SDR during outbreaks of shoot beetles in Yunnan pine forests. Sixty-five plots were generated during 2015-2017 based on beetle infestation maps derived from multi-data Landsat images and field survey. Nine explanatory variables were quantified to explain the SDR severity. The forest cover was obtained from a Worldview-3 high-resolution image. We used the forest resource planning and design survey data to develop landscape context variables. The beetle pressure variable was calculated using beetle infestation maps. The relative importance of the explanatory variables was analyzed using multi-model inference. We established that SDR was higher in the plots that were closer to roads and severely damaged forest areas in the previous year. SDR was negatively affected by edge density (ED) and forest cover, but positively affected by the mean shape index (SHAPE MN) and aspect. Landscape-level variables are probably the more important predictor, stand-level variables also had a significant effect on the shoot beetle outbreak. The prediction models including stand-level variables and landscape-level variables were built. Identifying variables that drive beetle-caused SDR contributed to the improvement of the existing strategies for outbreak control.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Artificial neural networks as an alternative method to nonlinear mixed-effects models for tree height predictions

    Skudnik, MitjaJevsnak, Jernej
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Tree heights are one of the most important aspects of forest mensuration, but data are often unavailable due to costly and time-consuming field measurements. Therefore, various types of models have been developed for the imputation of tree heights for unmeasured trees, with mixed-effects models being one of the most commonly applied approaches. The disadvantage here is the need of sufficient sample size per tree species for each plot, which is often not met, especially in mixed forests. To avoid this limitation, we used principal component analysis (PCA) for the grouping of similar plots based on the most relevant site descriptors. Next, we compared mixed-effects models with height-diameter models based on artificial neural networks (ANN). In terms of root mean square error (RMSE), mixed-effects models provided the most accurate tree height predictions at the plot level, especially for tree species with a smaller number of tree height measurements. When plots were grouped using the PCA and the number of observations per category increased, ANN predictions improved and became more accurate than those provided by mixed-effects models. The performance of ANN also increased when the competition index was included as an additional explanatory variable. Our results show that in the pursuit of the most accurate modelling approach for tree height predictions, ANN should be seriously considered, especially when the number of tree measurements and their distribution is sufficient.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Canopy openness of individual tree promotes seed dispersal by scatter-hoarding rodents

    Chen, JieChen, WenwenLu, ZhiyunWang, Bo...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Scatter-hoarding rodents are important seed predators and dispersers in various forest ecosystems and significantly influence the seed fate and seedling regeneration of many tree species. Canopy openness is believed to have an important influence on the foraging behavior of scatter-hoarding rodents, mainly because of the variation in predation risk between open and canopy microsites. Most of the current studies have mainly focused on the spatial variation in canopy openness within a forest or on comparisons among forests; however, the question of how variation in canopy openness at the individual tree scale affects seed-rodent interaction has received little attention, although tree-to-tree variation in canopy openness is ubiquitous. In this study, we measured the individual canopy openness of 45 trees belonging to three species in a subtropical forest, and compared seed dispersal and predation by rodents under the selected trees by labeling and tracking 4,500 seeds. Our results showed that canopy openness differed among individual trees both within and across species. More importantly, our results proved that individual tree variation in canopy openness significantly affected seed dispersal and predation by rodents, although not all species followed a consistent pattern. Seeds under trees with larger canopy openness were more likely to be removed rather than eaten in situ and dispersed farther. Our study highlights the pattern that individual tree characteristics (e.g., canopy openness) have profound effects on rodent-mediated seed dispersal services, which may further lead to tree-to-tree variation in seed fate and seedling regeneration. Our results also provide important implications for forest conservation and management: crown pruning can promote seed dispersal by rodents and natural seedling regeneration.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Distinct ecological habits and habitat responses to future climate change in three east and southeast Asian Sapindus species

    Liu, JimingXu, YuanyuanSun, CaowenWang, Xin...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Sapindus is an important biodiesel, biomedical, and multifunctional economic forest species in Asia; however, its germplasms have been persistently damaged or lost. Thus, it is imperative to conserve the diversity of Sapindus. This study aimed to reveal the potential habitat distribution patterns of Sapindus mukorossi, Sapindus delavayi, and Sapindus rarak in response to the current environment and future climate change. Furthermore, we aimed to identify hotspots of habitat degradation/expansion to facilitate climate change-adaptive biological conservation. Using current environmental data and future climate projections (2021-2100), we simulated the present and potential future habitats of Sapindus mukorossi, Sapindus delavayi, and Sapindus rarak using a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model that was developed based on 2041 occurrence records. The model showed that precipitation may play an important role in framing the potential habitats of Sapindus. Notably, S. delavayi was more sensitive to minimum temperatures (-4 degrees C to 5.5 degrees C), soil moisture (82-132 mm), and elevation (1200-3200 m), whereas S. rarak was the most sensitive to isothermality (50-86) and soil moisture (54-126). Under the current environment, Sapindus mukorossi had the widest suitable habitat distribution (252.50 x 104 km2), followed by that of Sapindus rarak (215.62 x 104 km2) and Sapindus delavayi (90.86 x 104 km2). Under future climate change scenarios, the habitat distribution of Sapindus mukorossi was predicted to expand at higher latitudes and extensively contract at lower latitudes. Moreover, the projected suitable habitat distribution of S. delavayi showed inconspicuous expansion and contraction, whereas that S. rarak underwent conspicuous contraction and expansion. Moreover, there were distinct ecological habits among Sapindus mukorossi, Sapindus delavayi, and Sapindus rarak in the east and southeast Asia. Thus, it is recommended that the contraction areas should be preferentially subjected to germplasm collection and conservation. Based on these findings, we propose preserved areas as the base for future Sapindus mukorossi, Sapindus delavayi, and Sapindus rarak conservation, breeding, cultivation, and utilisation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Satellite evidence for China's leading role in restoring vegetation productivity over global karst ecosystems

    Tang, XuguangXiao, JingfengMa, MingguoYang, Hong...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Karst ecosystems occupy approximately 20% of the Earth's land surface with the unique and vulnerable geomorphological and hydrogeological characteristics. To date, it remains a challenge to accurately monitor ecosystem productivity from space, as well as their responses to the environmental conditions due to climate change and anthropogenic pressure, which is pivotal to the sustainable development strategies in global karst areas. Here we use a reconstructed long-term solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence dataset (SIF) and two satellite-based gross primary productivity (GPP) products to examine the patterns and trends of vegetation productivity within global karst ecosystems, and to assess the relative contributions of different countries to the restoration of these fragile ecosystems over the period 2001-2016. As an effective proxy for terrestrial GPP, SIF reveals a greening trend across most of the world's karst areas. China and the European Union (EU) lead the world in vegetation greening within their karst areas by 78.02% and 42.44%, respectively. The total net increase in SIF shows that China alone accounted for 43.66% with just 7.0% of global karst area. Brazil is the only country with a negative greening trend. Recent land cover changes caused by the grain-for-green programme in China and deforestation in Brazil account for 36.93% and 64.71% of the increases and decreases, respectively. Our results have significant implications for restoring ecosystem productivity in global karst areas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The afterlife of herbaceous plant species: A litter decomposition experiment in a temperate oak-hornbeam forest

    Rawlik, KatarzynaKasprowicz, MarekNowinski, MiroslawJagodzi, Andrzej M....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Understanding the mechanisms of singular species and their traits impacts on ecosystem functions, is crucial in the era of unprecedented anthropogenic changes of the environment, e.g. to predict changes in carbon and nutrient cycling connected with species shifts. It may allow us to take protective measurements and mitigate the negative effects of global changes. Litter decomposition is a crucial process shaping nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Studies on decomposition in forest ecosystems are mainly limited to foliar litter. In contrast to woody plant species, our knowledge of decomposition of herbaceous plants is scarce. Thus, unanswered questions remain about the model that best describes the decomposition process of herbaceous plants. The relationship of decomposition rate to functional traits is unknown for this species pool. We used the litter bag method to determine the decomposition rate of 13 herbaceous plant species and four overstory tree species growing in a temperate oak-hornbeam forest. We showed that the litter decomposition rate and C and N release were higher in spring ephemerals than summer green herbaceous species, as the plants with small total individual aboveground biomass (TAB) and small total leaf area (TLA) decomposed the fastest. Our results demonstrate that in this generally acquisitive group of plants, size traits have a stronger impact on decomposition than economic traits. For almost all species, the two-phase exponential decay model explains the course of herbaceous species litter decomposition only slightly better than the single exponential model.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Riparian trees resprout regardless of timing and severity of disturbance by coppicing

    Fischer, SarahGreet, JoeWalsh, Christopher J.Catford, Jane A....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Human modification of waterways has reduced flooding in many river systems, leading to the decline of riparian forests, which rely on flooding for their regeneration. Coppicing may help to promote the persistence of riparian trees by triggering resprouting and vegetative regeneration. The vigour of resprouting plants can vary with timing and height of coppicing and may depend on stored non-structural carbohydrate reserves like starch, the availability of which can vary seasonally. However, starch storage dynamics and the resprouting potential of broad-leafed evergreen riparian trees is not well understood. We coppiced two riparian tree species, Eucalyptus camphora and Melaleuca squarrosa, at two different times (autumn, spring) and at two different heights (0 cm and 90 cm). Over 52 weeks, we regularly quantified shoot growth and changes in the starch storage pool size, compared to uncoppiced control trees, in different tree organs (root and stem) and estimated the final shoot volume. The final shoot volume did not differ significantly between coppice treatments. Trees coppiced in autumn had a greater reliance on stored starch while they remained leafless (without shoots) over winter. Trees cut at 90 cm had more starch reserves due to remaining stems but also had higher biomass maintenance costs. Starch storage varied seasonally only in E. camphora, with starch concentrations in control trees increasing over winter and decreasing over summer. Although coppice timing and height affected use of stored starch, resprouting in our study species was not limited by starch availability - both species regenerated vegetatively to recover from physical disturbance. Thus, coppicing may be an efficient means to promote rejuvenation and persistence of tree species where site and tree condition are degraded and no longer support recruitment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Understory vegetation interacts with nitrogen addition to affect soil phosphorus transformations in a nutrient-poor Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation

    Zhang, XiangZhao, QiongSun, Qing-YeMao, Bing...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Globally increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has aggravated phosphorus (P) limitation in many forests around the world. However, how N deposition affects soil P transformations and what is the role of understory vegetation in regulating these N deposition impacts are largely unknown. Here, we examined soil P transformation characteristics (P fractions, adsorption capacity, and related soil physicochemical properties) in a nutrient-poor Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) plantation that has been subjected to six years of N addition and understory removal treatments in northern China. Nitrogen addition alone significantly elevated labile and moderately labile organic P concentrations by 1.2 times and 24.1%, but decreased labile inorganic P and occluded P concentrations by 42.8% and 41.5%. Nitrogen addition elevated maximum P adsorption capacity, but did not affect maximum buffer capacity. Understory removal alone significantly reduced occluded P concentration by 38.6% but did not affect other P fractions. There were significantly negative interactions between understory removal and N addition on labile inorganic P, all organic P fractions and occluded P concentrations, as N addition effects on these variables were non-significant when the understory vegetation was removed. These results indicate that N addition depressed mineralization of organic P, but accelerated solubilization of occluded P, and these N addition effects were alleviated by understory removal. Significantly positive correlations between soil pH, microbial biomass and P fractions suggest that reduction in soil pH and microbial biomass are largely responsible for the variation in soil P fractions. These findings greatly improve our understanding of the consequences of N addition on soil organic and inorganic P transformations and the role of understory vegetation in affecting the responses of soil P transformation to N deposition.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Patterns of conifer regeneration following high severity wildfire in ponderosa pine-dominated forests of the Colorado Front Range (vol 379, pg 57, 2016)

    Chambers, Marin E.Fornwalt, Paula J.Malone, Sparkle L.Battaglia, Mike A....
    2页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier