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Forest Ecology and Management
Elsevier Science
Forest Ecology and Management

Elsevier Science

0378-1127

Forest Ecology and Management/Journal Forest Ecology and ManagementSCIISTPEIAHCI
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    A forested wetland at a climate-induced tipping-point: 17-year demographic evidence of widespread tree recruitment failure

    Evans, JonathanMcCarthy-Neumann, SarahPritchard, AngusCartwright, Jennifer...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Regeneration and survival of forested wetlands are affected by environmental variables related to the hydrologic regime. Climate change, specifically alterations to precipitation patterns, may have outsized effects on these forests. In Tennessee, USA, precipitation has increased by 15% since 1960. The goal of our research was to assess the evidence for whether this change in precipitation patterns resulted in shorter growing seasons and recruitment failure in common canopy trees for a forest wetland. In 2001 and 2018, the density of Quercus lyrata (overcup oak), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum), Quercus phellos (willow oak), and Betula nigra (river birch) seedling, sapling and adult density were mapped in an area of 2.3 ha within a seasonally flooded karst depression. Overall, the percentage of the growing season experiencing inundation was 26% greater in the deep than in shallow areas between 2001 and 2018. Saplings and small adults of all four species were restricted to shallow areas, and their abundance has declined substantially. Overcup oak and sweetgum individuals that were recruited into the adult life history stage were repelled from the deep zone. Overcup oak and sweetgum adults experienced lower mortality across the 2.3-ha study area (11% and 26%, respectively) relative to willow oak (56%) and river birch (64%) over the 17-year study. Growing-season inundation showed no relation to mortality in adult sweetgum and willow oak, a positive relation to mortality among adult river birch across size classes and among small adult overcup oak, and an inverse relation to mortality among large adult overcup oak. In shallow regions, overcup oak and sweetgum adults had greater basal area increment relative to the intermediate and deep regions of the pond. Results of hydrologic modeling for the study area, based on rainfall and temperature records covering 1855-2019, show ponding durations after 1970 considerably longer than the historical baseline, across ponding-depth classes. Our results strongly suggest that climate change is a driving factor suppressing tree regeneration since 1970 in this seasonally flooded karst depression.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Spatial and temporal extents of natural disturbances differentiate deadwood-inhabiting fungal communities in spruce primary forest ecosystems

    Ferencik, MatejSvitok, MarekMikolas, MartinHofmeister, Jenyk...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Understanding the processes shaping the composition of assemblages at multiple spatial scales in response to disturbance events is crucial for preventing ongoing biodiversity loss and for improving current forest management policies aimed at mitigating climate change and enhancing forest resilience. Deadwood-inhabiting fungi represent an essential component of forest ecosystems through their association with deadwood decomposition and the cycling of nutrients and carbon. Although we have sufficient evidence for the fundamental role of deadwood availability and variability of decay stages for fungal species diversity, the influence of long-term natural disturbance regimes as the main driver of deadwood quantity and quality has not been sufficiently documented. We used a dendroecological approach to analyse the effect of 250-years of historical natural disturbance and structural habitat elements on local (plot-level) and regional (stand-level) species richness of deadwood-inhabiting fungi. We used data collected from 51 study plots within nine best-preserved primary spruce forest stands distributed across the Western Carpathian Mountains. Historical disturbances shaped the contemporary local and regional species richness of fungi, with contrasting impacts of disturbance regime components at different spatial scales. While local diversity of red-listed species has increased due to higher disturbance frequency, regional diversity of all species has decreased due to higher severity historical disturbances. The volume of deadwood positively influenced the species richness of deadwood-inhabiting fungi while canopy openness had a negative impact. The high number of observed rare species highlights the important role of primary forests for biodiversity conservation. From a landscape perspective, we can conclude that the distribution of species from the regional species pool is - at least to some extent - driven by past spatiotemporal patterns of disturbance events. Natural disturbances occurring at higher frequencies that create a mosaic forest structure are necessary for fungal species - especially for rare and endangered taxa. Thus, both the protection of intact forest landscapes and forest management practises that emulate natural disturbance processes are recommended to support habitats of diverse fungal communities and their associated ecosystem functions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Climatic sensitivities derived from tree rings improve predictions of the Forest Vegetation Simulator growth and yield model

    Giebink, Courtney L.DeRose, R. JustinCastle, MarkShaw, John D....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Forest management has the potential to contribute to the removal of greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere via carbon sequestration and storage. To identify management actions that will maximize carbon removal and storage over the long term, models are needed that accurately and realistically represent forest responses to changing climate. The most widely used growth and yield model in the United States (U.S.), the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS), which also forms the basis for several forest carbon calculators, does not currently include the direct effect of climate variation on tree growth. We incorporated the effects of climate on tree diameter growth by combining tree-ring data with forest inventory data to parameterize a suite of alternative models characterizing the growth of three dominant tree species in the arid and moisture-limited state of Utah. These species, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Mayr (Franco), and Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm., encompass the full elevational range of montane forest types. The alternative models we considered differed progressively from the current FVS large-tree diameter growth model, first by changing to an annual time step, then by adding interannual climate effects, followed by model simplification (removal of predictors), and finally, complexification, including effects of spatial variation in climate and two-way interactions between predictors. We validated diameter growth predictions from these models with independent observations, and evaluated model performance in terms of accuracy, precision, and bias. We then compared predictions of future growth made by the existing large-tree diameter growth model used in FVS, i.e., without climate effects, to those of our updated models, including those with climate effects. We found that simpler models of tree growth outperform the current FVS model, and that the incorporation of climate effects improves model performance for two out of three species, in which growth is currently overpredicted by FVS. Diameter growth projected with improved, climate-sensitive models is less than the future tree growth projected by the current climate-insensitive FVS model. Tree rings can be used to identify and incorporate drivers of growth variation into a stand-level growth and yield model, giving more accurate predictions of the carbon uptake potential of forests under climate change.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Disentangling the role of management practices on ecosystem services delivery in Mediterranean silvopastoral systems: Synergies and trade-offs through expert-based assessment

    Lecegui, AntonioOlaizola, Ana M.Varela, Elsa
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Silvopastoral systems (SPS) emerge with a renewal interest in the Mediterranean for their promotion of multifunctionality through a variety of ecosystem services (ES). However, the understanding of how combined forestry and pastoral practices affect the ES delivery as well as the synergies and trade-off dynamics amongst them is still very limited. We applied the structured expert consultation Delphi method to assess the medium-term effect of relevant silvopastoral management practices (SMP) on the delivery of provision, regulation and maintenance and cultural ES in Mediterranean mid-mountain SPS in Spain. The deliberation process entailed two rounds and the Delphi panel was finally formed by 69 experts covering a broad spectrum of background and expertise. Results show that some practices, such as silvicultural treatments (e.g., thinning or coppice selection), play a multifunctional role contributing to ES delivery in bundles while some trade-offs are also identified between SMP, such as free animal grazing, and the provision of some ES. Synergies are also found between ES, such as livestock production and recreational hunting and between timber production and carbon sequestration, whereas possible trade-offs were particularly relevant between wildfire prevention and carbon sequestration. These findings can support decision-making processes towards sustainable and multifunctional silvopastoral management in the northern Mediterranean basin.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Pre-commercial thinning could mitigate drought stress of black spruce stands

    Wotherspoon, Amy R.Duchesne, LouisBarrette, MartinHoule, Daniel...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rising temperatures are likely to increase the risk of drought across the globe over the next century. Boreal forests are particularly vulnerable to drought because temperatures within these biomes are projected to warm the fastest. Warm and dry conditions can reduce tree growth, particularly in regions that are already moisture limited, which may reduce forest productivity. Forest stand density management, such as pre-commercial thinning (PCT), can reduce moisture stress for residual trees by reducing canopy evaporation and increasing soil water availability. PCT is applied 15-20 years after clearcut and removes smaller stems to increase resource availability to residual trees, thereby increasing diameter growth and wood value. How PCT can mitigate climate change impact in boreal forests is still unclear, partly due to heterogeneity in moisture availability and growth response. This study tests the relative effect of PCT on radial growth of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) on sites with varying water availability to inform forest managers about PCT's potential to mitigate anticipated effects of drought on tree growth. Tree discs from PCT and non-thinned plots were harvested from three contrasting site types in eastern Canada (warm-dry, warm-wet and cool wet). Using dendrochronology, the relationship between annual ring width index (RWI) and standardized-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was explored in the time since PCT and during known climate anomalies. RWI showed a positive growth response to increasing SPEI on warm-dry sites, but a negative growth response on warm-wet and cool-wet sites. PCT provided a greater benefit to radial growth on warm-dry site types in the 15 years since treatment but provided no additional benefits during years of climate anomalies. Results suggest that PCT will remain an important forest management practice on moisture-limited sites in order to maintain black spruce productivity, whereas tree growth may benefit from future warming on relatively wet sites.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Ecological development of mangrove plantations in the Bangladesh Delta

    Uddin, Mohammad MainHossain, Mohammad MosharrafAziz, Ammar AbdulLovelock, Catherine E....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Afforestation is a process used in recovering the global mangrove cover. Succession or development in mangrove communities during mangrove afforestation has rarely been described yet is important for understanding the potential of afforestation in creating diverse and functional mangroves. Since 1966, the Government of Bangladesh has created nearly 280 km2 of plantation mangroves (7.5% of the extent of the Sundarbans mangrove forest and 0.21% of the global mangroves extent) on the Delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers, located east of the Sundarbans mangroves. Here, we investigated the development of these plantation man-groves, assessing their community structure and species richness over a 40-year chronosequence in comparison to natural mangroves in the same region. Tree communities in the plantations reached a maximum mean aboveground biomass (AGB) of ~157 +/- 13 Mg dry weight ha(-1), achieving equivalence in tree aboveground biomass and tree density (255 +/- 2 individuals ha-1) to natural mangroves by 20 and 39 years respectively. Our dataset from plantations aged between 10 and 42 years indicated that structural complexity (I-c) was higher in older plantations than in younger plantations. We found that the tree community structure of older mangrove plantations was more diverse in the eastern region of the delta compared to the central and western regions, and the landward plantations were more diverse than the plantations fringing the oceans. One of the originally planted mangrove species, Sonneratia apetala, was dominant in these plantations. However, we recorded 8 mangrove tree species from 5 genera in the plantations, despite only two species (S. apetala and Avicennia offi-cinalis) being planted. Our data indicated that while the tree structure of the established mangrove plantations was similar to natural mangroves within 42 years, equivalent species richness may not be reached for more than 40 years. Therefore, adoption of management to enhance natural successional or development processes in afforestation programs, for example by planting a diverse mix of species, could improve the effectiveness of afforestation in conserving biodiversity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Coverage based diversity estimates of facultative saproxylic species highlight the importance of deadwood for biodiversity

    Graf, MarleneSeibold, SebastianGossner, Martin M.Hagge, Jonas...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：How many species can live in a specific habitat is a key question in conservation biology. Due to its heteroge-neity, deadwood supports highly diverse communities. The total number of species related to deadwood is, however, underestimated by most empirical community studies. First, as most reports on saproxylic species richness do not relate the number of species observed to the sample size used, it is not possible to draw con-clusions about the representativeness of the species richness observed. Secondly, the assessment of species richness is usually limited to obligate saproxylic species, i.e., species classified by experts as being strictly dependent on deadwood. Hence, many species are ignored that can be considered facultative saproxylic; i.e., they are not dependent on deadwood but clearly benefit from it. The present study aims to statistically estimate the proportion of obligate and facultative saproxylic species among Coleoptera, Arachnida and Heteroptera in a European mountain forest. Therefore, we applied rarefaction/extrapolation based on sample coverage estima-tors, using data from an experimental approach including three trapping methods. The estimates suggest that obligate and facultative saproxylic beetles account for 28% and 19% of the total species richness of beetles, respectively. The estimated proportion of obligate saproxylic Heteroptera and Arachnida species was 4% and 12%. Facultative saproxylics were estimated to account for 24% and 69% of the total species richness, respec-tively. In summary, our study shows that the share of arthropod diversity related to deadwood is about 50 to 70%, within the three taxa Coleoptera, Arachnida and Heteroptera in a temperate forests temperate mountain forest, which is higher than previously assumed. This highlights the importance of deadwood for forest biodi-versity and further supports deadwood restoration activities.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Coppicing modulates physiological responses of sessile oak (Quercus petraea Matt. Lieb.) to drought

    Matouskova, MarieUrban, JosefVolarik, DanielHajickova, Martina...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Droughts negatively affect tree vitality, growth and mortality in temperate forests. Appropriate forest management may help mitigate these adverse effects. One such silvicultural system is coppicing, which increases a stand's drought resistance compared to high forests, but the underlying mechanisms are not well explored. Here, we aimed to deepen our mechanistic understanding of the performance of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) in response to drought stress. We compared mature trees, young coppice and seedlings. We measured seasonal variation of tree water status, photosynthesis, and biometric traits of sessile oak over three growing seasons. Coppicing increased water use and photosynthesis both under drought stress conditions and favorable conditions. During mild to severe drought, coppiced trees had better access to water and assimilated more carbon per unit of leaf area than seedlings and mature trees. The lowest predawn water potential of-4.21 MPa was recorded in seedlings, which was by 0.8 MPa less than in the coppice. Photosynthesis rates were highest in the coppice, but the water use efficiency of the coppice fell in between mature trees (higher WUEi) and seedlings (lower WUEi). Combined measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange suggested that coppice, seedlings and mature trees responded differently to drought. Coppice had the highest yield in light reactions of photosynthesis and the highest carbon assimilation. Coppicing improves the physiological vitality of young sprousts which makes it a suitable silvicultural system for dry sites.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Growth history of pollarded black poplars in a continental Mediterranean region: A paradigm of vanishing landscapes

    Camarero, J. Juliode Andres, Ester GonzalezColangelo, MicheleLoren, Chabier de Jaime...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Pollarded woodlands are iconic components of European rural landscapes. Pollarding is a traditional management technique used to obtain timber and firewood. However, these woodlands are subjected to different stressors in rapidly depopulating rural regions under continental Mediterranean areas where riparian black poplar (Populus nigra) pollards are widespread but still understudied. First, the rapid rural depopulation has lead to the abandonment of pollarding creating trees with abundant, thick and heavy branches. Second, climate warming and alteration of river flows reduce soil moisture which could contribute to growth decline of riparian pollards. We investigated how these stress factors have impacted radial growth in seven sites located in four river basins of southern Arag ' on, north eastern Spain. We used dendrochronology to reconstruct the changes in radial growth during the period 1890-2020 and to assess how growth has responded to changes in temperature, precipitation and river flow variability. Since 1900 growth suppressions, probably corresponding to pollarding events, occurred in several decades (1910s, 1960s, 1980s and 1990s) and showed a high variability among sites and river basins. Suppressions peaked during the 1940s, probably associated to intense pollarding related to high timber and firewood demand after the Spanish Civil War. Poplar radial growth increased in response to high precipitation and river flow from March to April, particularly in sites located away of river banks. Pollarding abandonment and declines in soil moisture availability threaten the persistence of veteran black poplars. Active management through pollarding and protection should be implemented to preserve these iconic, anthropogenic woodlands due to their multiple ecological and cultural services.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors influencing aspen recruitment in Arizona (vol 441, pg 32, 2019)

    Clement, Matthew J.Harding, Larisa E.Lucas, Richard W.Rubin, Esther S....
    1页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier