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Land Use Policy
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Land Use Policy

Butterworth Scientific Ltd.

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    Policies to encourage agroforestry in the Southern Atlantic Forest

    Urruth L.M.Bassi J.B.Chemello D.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier LtdAgroforestry is recognized as a friendly land-management practice because it can contribute to improve soil productivity, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functions, climate change mitigation, landscape connectivity and the delivery of ecosystem services, optimizing livelihood benefits for people. The Atlantic Forest, a worldwide biodiversity hotspot, which presents large areas in natural regeneration and a promising scenario for ecological restoration has great potential for agroforestry. According to Brazilian legislation, the agroforestry conducted on remnants of Atlantic Forest depends on previous environmental authorization regarding both the vegetation management and the commercialization of native flora products. Although Brazilian legislation provides incentives for agroforestry, there are important barriers to its development regarding to the vegetation management for production, processing (enforcement of health and sanitation laws), and trading of timber and non-timber products. In the Rio Grande do Sul, the procedures for obtaining environmental authorization concerning the management and trading of native plants were too bureaucratic, unattractive, and infeasible for small rural landowners because the environmental legislation was not translated into effective public policies. Since the agroforestry and extraction of native flora products needs to comply with legislation and the key point is to guarantee the legal and sustainable origin of the products, and the management carried out, the appropriate procedure for the regularization of such practices is a certification of forest management. The SEMA's agroforestry certification (SAC) is a simplified procedure to legal compliance and sustainable management of native vegetation and mainly attends family farmers, indigenous peoples, maroons, and traditional populations. Until September 2019, nearly 130 landowners requested the SAC from 65 municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul. According to the applicants, around 99% of rural properties are considered small, ranging from 1.3 to 156 ha. Altogether, they add up to almost 380 ha of agroforestry in anthropic areas, some of them degraded by intense historical land use. The extraction of fruits and seeds and the planting of native tree species (59% and 48%, respectively) were the most mentioned agroforestry management by the applicants. The main products or species of interest mentioned were fruits and heart of palm from Euterpe edulis (52%), fruits of Citrus spp. (51%), native timber (49%), non-native fruits (44%), native Myrtaceae fruits (39%), other native fruits (32%), banana crops (29%), Yerba-mate (26%), non-native timber (16%), other non-native plants (9%), ornamental plants (9%), Butia catarinensis fruits (7%), and Butia odorata fruits (2%). The SAC has brought stakeholders (farmers, technical assistants, and researchers) closer to the environmental agency, creating a broad new regional agenda on agroforestry, and a myriad of conservation opportunities. The strengthening of agroforestry-support policies must be an important conservation strategy in the Atlantic Forest. However, to carry out such policies, it is necessary to create conditions and incentives beyond the legislative scope, translating the legal provisions to procedures and actions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Understanding the urban scaling of urban land with an internal structure view to characterize China's urbanization

    Lei W.Jiao L.Xu G.
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier LtdAs an infrastructure-related urban indicator, urban land theoretically has a sub-linear scaling relationship with urban population, which has been evidenced around various urban systems. However, scaling relationships between different types of urban land such as residential, industrial land and population size are still unclear, which helps to understand how urban land expansion response to population growth with an internal structure view. Here, we take more than 500 Chinese cities as examples to investigate scaling relationships of population and land with eight types and their changes over time (2012–2018). Results show that eight types of urban land all have a robust scaling law with population, but with different scaling exponents, or even opposite scaling regimes. The whole urban land and other seven sub-types are all in line with the expected sub-linear behaviors, presenting the economies of scale. And scaling exponents of transportation land and green land decreased over time while exponents of other sub-types are stable. Industrial land surprisingly has a super-linear scaling relationship with population, presenting a faster speed than urban population. Smaller residuals of cities in the scaling regression model (Scale-Adjusted Metropolitan Indicators, SAMIs) of residential and industrial land are negatively correlated with housing prices, indicating the shortage of land supply compared to other cities of the same size spurred the rise of housing prices. While SAMIs of industrial land are positively correlated with industrial productions, demonstrating that increasing land supply is a powerful means of industrial outputs and economic growth. Our structure-based scaling analysis enriches the understanding of population-land relationship and supports differentiated land supply in land use and urban planning according to urban population size.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Spatial expansion and patterns of land use/land cover changes around Accra, Ghana – Emerging insights from Awutu Senya East Municipal Area

    Doe B.Amoako C.Adamtey R.
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier LtdFor most cities in the developing world, rapid and uncontrolled expansion at their fringes is a regular feature. In many cases these rapidly growing peri-urban areas are carved out as new local government units to function separately from the expanding city. Hence, the hitherto agricultural areas are transformed into residential and other urban uses. The overall result of such dynamic spatial and socio-political processes is the rapid change in land use/land cover (LULC). In this study, we assess, measure and explain LULC changes in Accra's western peri-urban areas with the Awutu Senya East Municipal area (ASEMA) as the spatial context. Located on the west boundary of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), the ASEMA is affected by the rapid expansion of GAMA. Adopting GIS and Remote Sensing methods, the study analyses the rate of urban expansion and LULC changes spanning 2014–2020. The study revealed that the urbanised areas have more than doubled representing a 152% change in the urban expanse over the six-year period under investigation. While this could be attributed to the rapid growth and spill-over from GAMA, the study also reveals socio-political and economic factors contributing to rapid changes in LULC in ASEMA. Specific boundary management strategies have been proposed to control the rapid expansion around the Municipality and also help address socio-spatial conflicts over boundaries.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    What makes cities livable? Determinants of neighborhood satisfaction and neighborhood happiness in different contexts

    Mouratidis K.Yiannakou A.
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The AuthorsShaping livable cities is an enduring issue for urban planning, which came dramatically to the forefront of relevant policies with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study explores what makes cities livable by using neighborhood satisfaction and neighborhood happiness as measures of urban livability. The determinants of neighborhood satisfaction and neighborhood happiness are examined and compared, using geospatial and survey data from two cities, one from the South and the other from the North European context: Thessaloniki, Greece and Oslo, Norway. A structural equation model is developed and tested. In both cities, common determinants of neighborhood satisfaction are found to be the proximity to city center, neighborhood perceived safety, and place attachment, whereas common determinants of neighborhood happiness are found to be neighborhood perceived safety, neighborhood perceived quietness, neighborhood social cohesion, place attachment, and lower neighborhood density. Important differences between the two cities were also observed. Numerous local amenities seem to positively contribute to urban livability in Thessaloniki, but not in Oslo. Parks and trees are positively linked to neighborhood happiness in Oslo, but not in Thessaloniki. These differences support the view that some of the links between neighborhood characteristics and livability depend on the local context related to local culture, attitudes, and preferences, all of which might also be influenced by the local built environment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evaluating the use of the landslide database in spatial planning in mountain communes (the Polish Carpathians)

    Bucala-Hrabia A.Raczkowska Z.Kijowska-Strugala M.Sleszynski P....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The AuthorsLandslide hazards and risk assessment should be a basic tool in risk management, as well as an integral part of spatial planning, especially in mountain areas The study addresses the problem of inappropriate allocation of land for residential and economic functions in terms of landslide hazard. The research covered the area of the Polish Carpathians within voivodships of Ma?opolskie and Podkarpackie, in which there are 201 communes. The occurrence of landslides in relation to existing and potential residential areas was examined in detail for 14 selected communes. This area due to their geological structure and relief is prone to landslides in inhabited areas. The current vector databases of landslides (the Landslide Counteracting System-LCS, SOPO Polish acronym), data on planning coverage in communes (Ministry of Development and Central Statistical Office of Poland), location of existing buildings (Database of Topographic Objects, BDOT, Polish acronym), and range and purpose of local spatial development plan (LSDP; Geo-System) were used. A high natural hazard of landslides in the 14 analysed communes in the Polish Carpathians (1–23% of the communes area) was demonstrated, as well as faulty spatial planning related to the designation of land for development in local plans (up to 11% on landslides). Dissemination of knowledge about landslide locations and threats and proper spatial planning is the most effective form of reducing the risk of landslide losses. Landslide data and maps should be made widely available to local communities, along with information on planned land use. It is necessary to raise landslide awareness among local communities with information campaigns and to consider scientific arguments in the elaboration process of the LSDP, and while accelerating the process of updating them.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Commercial gentrification and neighbourhood change: A dynamic view on local residents' quality of life in Tehran

    Forouhar N.Forouhar A.Hasankhani M.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier LtdWhile scholars have given considerable attention to the dramatic changes that residential gentrification and displacement bring, the phenomenon of commercial gentrification and its possible impacts on residents' quality of life remain relatively unexplored. Over the recent decades, many affluent and high-income neighbourhoods of Tehran Metropolis (the capital of Iran) are experiencing land-use change and unbridled development of commercial activities within the residential areas. However, this process could exacerbate the potential socio-economic conflicts in the neighbourhoods and lead to a decrease in the quality of life of residents. This paper aims to better understand the process of commercial gentrification and its impacts on the residents’ quality of life in a high-income neighbourhood of Tehran (Nasr Neighbourhood) by using a mixed-method approach including semi-structured interview, purposeful field survey, impact ranking, origin-destination (O-D) survey, and parking survey. The findings demonstrate that the latest Comprehensive Plan of Tehran and its land-use policies played a significant role in triggering the commercial gentrification which led to the clustering of non-local commercial activities along the main streets of Nasr Neighbourhood. Although the process improved the accessibility of residents to urban facilities and utilities and reduced their travel time/cost, the results yield the commercial gentrification that took place over the period of study (2002–2018) declined the residents’ quality of life by degrading the neighbourhood's privacy and socio-cultural homogeneity as well as its detrimental effects on the physical quality of the neighbourhood and residents' tranquillity and safety.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Financialization in the making of the new Wuhan

    Luan X.Li Z.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2020 Elsevier LtdThe miraculous growth of China, particularly in its large cities, has received much attention in recent decades. Most literature, however, concentrates on large and developed coastal regions or globalizing cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen; far less is known about central or western cities, where the unprecedented growth and new construction are also taking place. Moreover, little is known about the actual process of their city making, especially from a financial perspective. To address these gaps, in this article we examine the making of the new Wuhan, capital city of Hubei Province and central China, to interrogate the actual process by which underdeveloped or developing Chinese cities resort to financialization to achieve planning aims, build new spaces, and fund infrastructures. Through case studies, fieldwork, and interviews conducted during the past several years in the contexts of three typical projects - Zhongshan Avenue (ZA), East Lake Greenway (ELG), and 27 Riverside Business District (RBD) - we examine their modalities, evaluate their effects, and articulate specific institutional arrangements: the local financing platform (LFP), the project land package, and various actual efforts to construct these projects. Through these case studies, we contribute to the literature on urban China by highlighting the close relationship between planning strategies and urban financialization. Our findings highlight China's ‘state entrepreneurism’, especially the active role of the local states when producing new spaces. We call for further attention to the variegated modalities and effects of financialization across different contexts, in particular that of emerging Chinese cities.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Trends, motivations, and land use outcomes of municipal annexation: A case of Alberta, Canada

    Agrawal S.Gretzinger C.Lowerre A.
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The AuthorsAnnexation is the most common form of municipal boundary adjustment in Canada, yet a systematic analysis of annexations is missing from the academic literature. This begs two key questions: Why do Canadian municipalities annex land? What are the land use outcomes of annexation? This qualitative and quantitative case study of Alberta, a Canadian prairie province, reveals that trends in annexation activity, motivations, and land use outcomes are broadly informative, but every instance of annexation is a story of local ambitions and outcomes. Through a series of examples, we illustrate a growth-driven, inherently political and economic process of annexation that is sometimes complex, and one in which the outcomes of annexation may not always match the motivations for it. We find that multiple motivations (that may be intertwined) prompt municipal annexations; furthermore, development in the annexed area occurred at the expense of the non-annexed parts of annexing municipalities, particularly in small towns and villages. This leads us to believe that annexation is perhaps a contributing factor to urban sprawl and land fragmentation. The study calls into question the efficacy of annexation as a policy tool for municipal boundary adjustment or as a substitute for conducting regional planning.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier