查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdPoverty elimination poses a great challenge to all countries around the world, and the Chinese government is consistently concerned with poverty issues. Rural land consolidation (RLC) is the important measure to alleviate poverty in rural China by improving the efficiency of land use. From the perspective of future poverty, the study analyzes the mechanism by which different RLC models, the government-dominant model and the Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) model, decrease poverty vulnerability by enhancing capabilities and endowing rights under the framework of the theory of capacity poverty proposed by Amartya Sen. Based on survey data of 562 rural households from Hubei and Guizhou Provinces, this study explores the role of and differences between two RLC models in decreasing the poverty vulnerability of registered and non-registered households through the PSM-DID estimator. The main findings are as follows: (1) The proportions of poor households and poverty vulnerability households in both registered and non-registered households have declined after the implementation of RLC, revealing that poverty vulnerability occurs along with poverty; (2) Both RLC models can significantly reduce the poverty vulnerability of both types of rural households. Furthermore, the effect of reducing the poverty vulnerability of non-registered households is greater than that of registered households; (3) The PPP RLC model reduces the poverty vulnerability much more effectively than the government-led model. Based on the above findings, the paper proposes corresponding policy recommendations for improving stability of RLC for poverty alleviation, thereby decreasing the probability of future poverty. Additionally, this study provides references for the developing areas and countries to make long-acting RLC policies for poverty alleviation.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe reconstruction of historical land use/land cover change (LUCC) in Taiwan Province based on multisource data is of great significance for obtaining an in-depth understanding of the driving mechanisms of LUCC and their effects on the environment and climate. Four rules, spatial restriction, land suitability, directing distribution, and size-control rules, were adopted as indicators to construct a directing probabilistic model for historical land reclamation. After adjusting the model, historical farmland was reassigned in descending order of the land reclamation directing probabilities given by the model. Finally, a high-resolution gridded dataset (100 m × 100 m) on the farmland of Taiwan Province during 1659–1945 was reconstructed. The results showed that (1) a general trend of continued growth of the farmland area in Taiwan Province over the past 300 years was observed; the ratio of reclaimed land was the earliest and highest in Tainan, which agreed with the historical farmland reclamation facts that Tainan was the pioneering area to be reclaimed, followed by Taichung, Taipei, and Taitung. (2) Geographic information elements across different historical periods can serve as important fundamental parameters for the quantitative reconstruction of historical LUCC, and its incorporation into the decision-making process of the model can effectively improve the model accuracy. (3) Correlation analysis between county-level population and farmland area, grid-level modeling result and farmland interpreted from maps have shown well consistent, which demonstrated the rationality of the reconstruction results.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are considered an innovative tool for land administration. However, despite the prospects and market opportunities in the domain, there is a gap between experimentation and widespread technology diffusion. In this work, the Framework for Effective Land Administration (FELA) and the Hype Cycle concept are integrated to understand the dynamics of the innovation process of UAVs for the land administration sector. Empirical data stems from literature and interviews of UAV and land administration experts worldwide. The majority of experts estimate UAV technology to be in a phase in which the innovation needs to overcome initial unmet expectations to foster market development and increased adoption. The assessment indicates the changing importance of different FELA pathways during this process. Enabling laws and policies and supporting governance, accountability and institutions are crucial to create such a UAV-friendly national ecosystem early on and allay exaggerated expectations. Once this ecosystem has been made, market demand is expected to surge driven by partnerships, adapted standards, tech advocacy and awareness-raising campaigns, highlighting the superiority of high-resolution data amongst other benefits of UAV technology. These insights can be used as a baseline to direct national strategic decisions towards the increased adoption of UAVs in land administration.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier LtdLand management system is an underlying factor for rapid urbanization. The urban land lease policy of Ethiopia is considered the most influential policy, where leasing is through auction or negotiation. This study examines its implementation using land auction data in Addis Ababa, one of the fastest growing city in Sub Saharan African Countries. The result suggests a high divergence between land-auction guide and sale prices. The study found that the urban land market is not just driven by economic rationale, it is also determined by non-economic factors. The findings imply that the land market is not only exposed to speculations but also its urban land acquisition is majorly a secondary market, with no policy-ground.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier LtdWhile the existing literature has investigated the influence of high-speed rail (HSR) on urban economic outcomes, relatively little is known about the influence of HSR on urban land expansion mainly due to the lack of long-term and high-resolution urban land use data. Taking an example of Chinese cities which have made tremendous progress in the construction of HSR during the last decade, this study empirically documents the impact of HSR on urban land growth of Chinese cities by using a panel dataset containing annual 30-m resolution impervious surface data and socioeconomic variables from 2003 to 2015. The influence of HSR on urban land use is estimated by combining the approaches of propensity score matching and difference-in-difference analysis. Our empirical findings indicate that HSR has a significant and positive influence on urban land expansion, suggesting that cities are expected to experience faster urban land growth after the construction of HSR. In addition, HSR facilitates faster urban land expansion for cities in central and western China than those in eastern China, and faster urban land expansion for cities with lower development levels than those with higher development levels. Policymakers may need to consider the heterogeneous impacts of HSR on urban land expansion when introducing HSR to promote urban land development.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdTackling deforestation remains a significant challenge in tropical countries and even more so in those affected by armed conflicts. This is partly because of the limited local understanding of the causes of forest cover changes (FCC) and how these causes relate to development. In this study, we use Colombia as a model to contribute to the understanding of the links between the causes of FCC in conflict-affected countries and policies aimed at achieving sustainable development by targeting the agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) sectors. Specifically, we reviewed studies reporting on causes of FCC from 1995 to 2019 to build a state-of-the-art review. We then identified relevant public policies targeting AFOLU sectors and used them as a proxy for development. Finally, we discussed the links between these public policies and FCC. From the reviewed literature, it is clear that research on FCC in Colombia has focused on understanding the causes of forest cover losses while disregarding forest cover gains. Although cattle ranching and agriculture dominate the literature as proximate causes of deforestation and policy and institutional factors as underlying causes of deforestation, the relative importance of proximate and underlying causes of FCC in Colombia has changed over time. The main categories of policies that have been linked to FCC deal with conflict and post-conflict issues, coca eradication and, more recently, the implementation of the peace agreement. Another set of policies frequently mentioned are those related to productive activities. In Colombia, these policies' effects on forests will depend on how the state will regulate extractive activities in a post-conflict scenario. Therefore, it is imperative to review and update policies to tackle FCC, mainly deforestation, to successfully achieve sustainability targets in Colombia.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier LtdDespite progress towards recognizing communal land rights, there may be unintended outcomes, and for pastoral areas there is a need to be aware of how this may affect evolving pastoralist livelihoods. This paper examines trends in pastoralist livelihoods, perceptions and aspirations of pastoralists in a setting where a new communal property rights framework is in the early stages of implementation. The study was carried out in Dirre, a grazing unit of the Borana Zone in Ethiopia. It employed a mixed methods approach that included key informant interviews, focus group discussions, a workshop, a household survey and feedback sessions. The findings show that current livestock herd sizes make it difficult for pastoralists to rely only on livestock keeping, and have necessitated diversification. Crop production is increasingly becoming an alternative livelihood source, and most respondents reported wanting to expand their farms. Pastoralists also expect land certification to help secure land rights and enable better management of rangelands. However, there is also a widely held view that by providing security, certification will also make it easier for them to continue diversifying their livelihoods. This suggests that communal land certification is not likely to end the push to individualization of land and the transition to agropastoralism; it may even accelerate it. The strengthening of communal land rights can thus be used to guide this transition so that it represents a reorganization rather than a collapse of pastoralism. The focus of formalizing land rights for pastoralists should not be saving pastoralism or reversing the agropastoralist trend, but rather securing land rights to enhance the pastoralists’ capacity to make sound livelihood decisions.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier LtdIn this paper we analyze transformations within a land reform settlement in the Brazilian Amazon, with special land-use regulations targeting forest conservation. We conducted long-term action research in the Virola-Jatobá Sustainable Development Project (PDS), where peasant farmers who were the early settlers of the area, and more recent occupants allied to illegal loggers, land grabbers and speculators adopt antagonistic positions and challenge respective entitlements towards land and forest. In this research we highlight issues of power asymmetry and social injustice when assessing how social relations and environmental conditions in the study area are affected by land use and forest conservation policies since year 2000, when the scheme was established. The PDS situation approached a collapse in late 2017 when the integrity of its forests and the beliefs and practices of vulnerable local residents were damaged. This case study empirically demonstrates that Amazon forest frontier systems have a limited capacity to endure extreme perturbations in the social and ecological interconnected domains. We argue that when a threshold is reached in systems featuring heavily institutionalized social asymmetries that constrain the action of vulnerable resource users, few conditions remain to reorganize the constituent setup through adaptive changes in the same regime or state. Reaching this stage will likely result in drastic changes that will lock the system into a pathway that compromises human wellbeing and the provision of ecosystem services. The fundamental nature of a tenurial scheme that combines social justice and environmental conservation tends thus to be lost for good, to enter a new regime with fewer options and novelties in social-ecological advances, reflecting the overall setbacks currently experienced in Brazilian policy.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier LtdThis paper examines the Marshallian inefficiency hypothesis of share tenancy system in agriculture of Odisha, Eastern India. It examines the hypothesis from a different perspective where it is argued that a secured land tenure system enhances farm efficiency even though it is sharecropping. We develop three hypotheses within the profit maximization framework and use the efficiency scores of paddy growers computed from the data envelop analysis (DEA) to verify them empirically. The ‘latent variable regression model’ results reveal that a secured land ownership status significantly augments farm efficiency. But the nature of tenancy contract (sharecropping and fixed-rent tenancy) makes no difference in farm efficiency. The policy implication of the study calls for tenancy reform in Odisha agriculture to make the tenancy a more secure one. Currently, the government of Odisha has banned the share tenancy. But a vast concealed tenancy comprising of marginal farmers and landless cultivators is in place. So any reform in this regard would benefit them directly.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier LtdThis study focuses on how Indonesia's One Map Policy renders illegal palm oil plantations in Indonesia visible and the governance dilemmas this creates. Using Central Kalimantan as a case study, we first draw on spatial data to visualise the extent of illegal palm oil plantations on forest land. The vast majority of illegal palm oil is large plantations, with illegal independent smallholdings constituting just 0.4%. We then draw on key stakeholder interviews to analyse the governance dilemmas such visualisations create. We explore stakeholder perspectives of the new Omnibus Law and other attempts to legalise illegality. Four governance scenarios that emphasise the interests of either business, smallholders, environments, or adopt a multi-stakeholder perspective are developed and measured according to their different social and ecological land use implications. In the interests of promoting sustainable and effective governance for forests, peatlands and palm oil production, we caution against the pro-business option currently favoured by the Indonesian government that aims to legalise illegal plantations and which risks the reassignment of forests for commercial production. Our article outlines alternative policy solutions, including an approach that seeks to balance business and environmental interests while also paying heed to sustainable development needs. This approach could be applied in other contexts similarly struggling with the governance dilemmas about what to do when widespread land use illegalities are made visible.
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