查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier LtdThe general public and land administration organizations have long recognized the need to establish and record legal ownership of property and land. To create land ownership records, developing countries have recently begun to public participation methods. For this purpose, a move to the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) to aggregate heterogeneous geospatial information about the property and create interoperability between organizations and stakeholders is unavoidable. Solutions for public participation must also be provided. Designing and developing a model under the SDI policy, based on an open-source architecture, and based on volunteered geographic information (VGI) and citizen-wide participation in collecting rights-based spatial data is the subject of this study. Volunteered Rights-based Spatial Data Infrastructure (VRSDI) is a framework that was proposed and implemented in this study to help with the low-cost, high-speed voluntary collection of land and property legal information and land management in Iran. VRSDI assists people in defining land and property ownership rights, detecting potential disputes, seizures, or conflicts with neighbors, as well as their limits and obligations for land management through rights-based spatial data. VRSDI was conceptualized and implemented using a Software as a Service (SaaS) approach, including solutions for data and service quality control based on the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards. It benefits from an open-source multi-tier architecture and powerful components, including the AJAX engine, the VGI engine, the service adapter, and the Workflow engine. Also discussed is policymaking for the effective adoption of VGI in a VRSDI and solutions for spatial accuracy measurement and quality control. The findings demonstrated that an approach like this might lead to integrated land management by including citizens and the government.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier LtdManifestations of climate change are becoming increasingly apparent in Central Europe where many municipalities remain unprepared for upcoming challenging times. This study uses content analysis to better understand the response of spatial planning and strategic documents to climate change. We worked with a sample of towns situated in the eastern regions of the Czech Republic and employed the national classification of adaptation priority areas and related threats. Using the analysis we detected substantial differences in approaches employed in adaptation among individual towns. We also ascertained that the majority of towns studied have not yet formulated adaptation strategies and are unprepared for upcoming changes. At the same time, it is demonstrated that existing adaptation strategies have clearly supported and increased the extent of planned adaptation measures. Studied towns have focused their principal attention on water management as a key adaptation priority, and sufficient reflection has not been given to population health, agriculture, forestry and tourism. To this extent, the towns selected do not follow either national or European adaptation strategies and a rather path-dependent logic prevailed. We argue that more mobilization efforts and actions for tackling and adapting to climate change are urgently needed at the regional level so that currently isolated bottom-up and top-down approaches can be beneficially coordinated and harmonized.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdA decline in the availability of opportunities for new entrants to agriculture is a recognised consequence of the agricultural restructuring process. Under the Common Agricultural Policy, various support schemes have attempted to address such concerns, with limited success. A number of these schemes focus on the provision of agricultural property rights for new entrants, but there appears to be limited justification for this. This paper argues the new entrant problem is as much about progression and exit as it is about entry, with such considerations generally not included in support frameworks. To develop this argument, the paper re-engages with the concept of ‘real’ regulation to examine rural property relationships on agricultural estates held by local authorities and county councils within England and Wales (i.e. the county farms estate). ‘Real’ regulation influences property-owner behaviour in three-ways: regulation of land occupancy; regulation of landowner behaviour; and, regulation of land use. These three regimes allow property owners to determine management strategies based on economic, social and environmental considerations. The flexibility afforded by ‘real’ regulation, and in particular, the regulation of land occupancy, and of landowner behaviour, allows property-owners the option to shift focus between these regimes, especially when faced with unfavourable market conditions. Analysis of different estate management strategies (consolidation, partial disinvestment, disinvestment), shows how this severely restricts the provision of property rights to new entrants and progressing tenants, as property-owners look to protect their interests. For these reasons, current new entrant support networks have limited success, irrespective of the political approach driving them.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThis paper focuses on the impact of urban and suburban spread on the preservation of the cultural heritage and landscape of suburban villages with historical cores. It is a case study of a once village of Bronowice Ma?e the rural structure of which has been listed as a protected heritage site by the municipality. The area is under a severe development pressure because of its attractive location within Kraków's city limits. Extensive historical studies determined the archetypical Bronowice-style house, which is a modern continuum of traditional wooden architecture in the area, referred to as the Bronowice-style cottage. With the typical features of the archetype defined, the authors developed an original method, a combination of field survey and numeric taxonomy to assess the percentage consistency of new housing buildings with traditional building standards in Bronowice Ma?e. The results show that despite legal protection with local acts of law and listing of the area as a heritage site, the development pressure in the area is extreme. Housing estates are constructed illegally and at variance with the character of buildings that make up the historical core of the village. The field research identified dynamic growth in multi-family buildings even though the local spatial development plan provides for single-family housing only. The results have demonstrated that the proposed method for assessing development consistency with the traditional standard is universal. It significantly streamlines work with cultural heritage and with developing local spatial development plans. It further builds awareness among residents, planners, and administration officers regarding improved protection of cultural heritage
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdIn this paper, we explored the role that an authoritative institution can have on influencing how people perceive the importance of safeguarding environmental goods. We assessed how the recent UNESCO's designation of the dry-stone walls in Mt. Etna (Sicily-Italy) as a World Heritage Site can affect Sicilian consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) to preserve them. By referring to the concept of “appeal to authority”, we examined whether providing information about this recent UNESCO decision could influence public's WTP to preserve the dry-stone walls of Mt Etna. Through a contingent valuation survey experiment, we found that respondents value the preservation of the dry-stone walls but only when respondents are informed about UNESCO's decision that the WTP was sufficient enough to compensate farmers for the loss of income derived from maintaining the dry-stone walls. Our findings highlight the importance of information sent by an authoritative institution on reducing the effects of uncertainty in the valuation of environmental goods due to the unfamiliarity of such goods among people. Our results have important implications for policy makers as the role of institutions like UNESCO in increasing people's WTP could increase awareness about the benefits of environmental goods’ preservation. A limitation of our study is that it is based on stated preferences. Future studies should also examine the effect of information on consumers’ WTP for preserving environmental goods with other methodological approach and in other geographical contexts.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdGlobally, urbanization dramatically undermines ecosystem services (ESs). How to relieve the disturbance of urbanization level (UL) on ESs has become an urgent issue for achieving regional sustainable development. However, the lack of understanding about the linear, nonlinear, spatial, and non-spatial relationships between UL and ESs limits effective ecologically related policymaking and urban planning. This study attempts to identify the spatial effects of UL on ESs with an integrated spatial panel approach by decomposing the spatial autocorrelation and spatial spillover effects at multiscales into direct, indirect, and total effects in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Urban Agglomerations (MRYRUA) of China. A considerable increase was observed in construction land, while an evident decline was observed in cultivated land and forestland from 1995 through 2015. Significant negative spatial autocorrelation was found between UL and ESs. The dominant spatial clustering patterns in MRYRUA were the low–high type (low UL and high comprehensive ESs index) and high–low type (high UL and low comprehensive ESs index). A U-shaped curve between UL and ESs was identified, and UL was found to be negatively associated with ESs in MRYRUA. The negative and indirect effect of UL on ESs suggests that being surrounded by highly urbanized units imposed a negative impact on ESs in the individual unit. Findings from this study provide important implications on alleviating adverse ESs for urban planners and decision makers in fast-growing urban agglomerations worldwide.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe Chinese central government is determined to finish the latest national Land Certificated Program (LCP) in 2018, but the implementation of LCP lagged far behind the national target in some rural areas. The overall goal of this study is to summarize the experience and lessons of implementing the latest LCP by analyzing its status and determinants. The mixed methods are adopted based on a panel dataset with a nationally representative sample of 100 rural villages in five provinces and two cases. The results show that only 56% of villages have finished the latest LCP due to the planed deadline, and there are temporal and regional disparities in the process of LCP among the sample provinces. The case study and quantitative analysis indicate that the experience of village leader, off-farm employment, and land acquisition have significant effects on the accomplishing of the latest LCP. However, geographical features have no effect because of the adoption of GIS technology in measuring plots. These findings imply that the local management organization, such as village committee, should seek help from former village cadres or stimulate villagers to promote the implementation of LCP. Advanced technology could alleviate the heavy workload of LCP. The communities with lots of off-farm employment labor should be paid more attention when promoting the LCP.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdCities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have so far failed to sustainably address urban sprawl and its ramifications. Meanwhile, the projected increase in the urban population in the cities in SSA is expected to exacerbate the situation, making the search for sustainable solutions an urgent one. In this review, we contribute to the search for sustainable urban sprawl containment strategies through the lens of policy transfer theory. Using Ghanaian cities as examples, we argue that ‘successful sprawl containment strategies’ implemented in developed countries in the Global North can be adapted to help address sprawl in cities in SSA. In particular, the review found that strategies that promote city densification and direct the physical growth of cities are suitable for urban sprawl containment in highly urbanised cities in Ghana. Strategies that preserve farmlands and green spaces are recommended for municipalities and districts that are predominantly rural but urbanising rapidly. While we have limited the discussion to cities in Ghana, the similarities regarding land tenure practices and urbanisation dynamics (including the drivers for urban sprawl) across cities in SSA make the findings applicable to many other cities within the sub-region. However, the success of the sprawl containment strategies is tied to the ability of city authorities to address the land tenure conflicts, strengthen planning institutions, and collaborate in the efforts to contain urban sprawl. Recommendations for addressing these intractable urban planning challenges are provided in the discussion.
de Oliveira Barros E.R.Oliveira de Andrade M.de Souza Junior F.L.
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查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdObtaining information about the conditions of the right-of-ways on Brazilian highways represents a primary need in preventing irregular occupations on them. In order to minimize the risks associated with irregular occupation on the right-of-ways, resulting from anthropic processes related to land use and coverage, it is necessary to monitor the areas close to the highways. In this sense, mathematical models based on cellular automata can help to understand the impact of changes in land use and/or coverage and to predict future changes in the margins of highways. The study area comprises the BR-408 highway, located in the forest area of the state of Pernambuco, and aims to assess the urban growth of areas that are crossed by highways, generating an annual land cover scenario for the 10-year period. The modeling carried out in this research used land cover maps from the years 2000 and 2010, obtained through the Mapbiomas Project as input. Eight variables were used to explain the changes in land cover on the margins of Highway BR-408. For the calibration of the Model, the Artificial Neural Network and Logistic Regression method was used. The model was validated by the Kappa concordance test. The results show that the generated scenario presents an increase of 0.50% for the class “Irregular Occupation over the Right-of-Way”, in the period of 10 years. This increase has the contribution of cells that were in the initial stage as class Forest/Non-Forest Formation, Agriculture and non-vegetated area. The results of the modeling point to the growth of occupations in the peripheral areas of the cities cut by the highway under study, showing a spatial segregation.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdUrban expansion in China has its particularity, especially with regard to the role of the government. It plays not only dominant and medium roles in urban expansion but also a decisive role to a certain extent. In contrast, previous studies on urban expansion dynamics have largely ignored the role of government factors. Inevitably, this disregard will not reveal the innate character of the rapid urban expansion in China. Based on the above considerations, this article takes Shanghai as an example, to explore the spatial-temporal evolution of urban expansion. At the same time, systematically sort out the government behaviors at each stage, to reveal the particularity of urban expansion in China. Results found: urban expansion in Shanghai has gone through three stages. Construction of industrial district in suburbs led by the central government; construction of development zones and new towns under the competition between local governments; urban space restoration and infill with the collaboration of governments and markets.
NSTL
Elsevier