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Land Use Policy
Butterworth Scientific Ltd.
Land Use Policy

Butterworth Scientific Ltd.

0264-8377

Land Use Policy/Journal Land Use PolicySSCIISSHPAHCI
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    Landscape co-management and livelihood sustainability: Lessons learned from the billion trees afforestation project in Pakistan

    Ullah A.Zeb A.Saqib S.E.Kachele H....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdIn Pakistan, forests and agriculture are important sources of food and income for rural communities. Therefore, to restore the landscape and improve livelihoods, the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) implemented the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP) in 2014, which lasted for six years until 2020. In this study, we examined the activities undertaken by the forest department at the Dir Kohistan Forest division to promote community-level participation in landscape co-management. This study also analysed the factors that affected participation in landscape co-management and the impacts of co-management participation on livelihood capital using a mixed-methods approach. The study revealed that the forest department established various community-based organizations, which increased participation in landscape co-management and improved the livelihoods of the participating farming communities. Various factors, such as elite dominance, unavailability of required land for afforestation, illiteracy, high dependency on the forest, low confidence among community members, negative attitudes towards landscape co-management activities, and membership in a pastoralist community negatively contribute to participation in landscape co-management. Participation in co-management generated employment and resulted in improved crop farming, livestock rearing, timber harvesting, and firewood collection. Our findings highlight the importance of the factors that hinder effective community-based participation in co-management and livelihood improvement for many communities.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Reflections of stakeholders on the forest resources governance with power analysis in Turkey

    Baskent E.Z.
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdConflicts among stakeholders may arise during the provision of ecosystem services in a forest landscape. Forest policies, regulations and stakeholders’ behaviors have different effects on the governance and delivery of ecosystem services. The interests of actors for ecosystem services were mapped, potential conflicts between interest groups were identified and power resources of actors were examined. The potential effects of change and power shifts in forest governance on the power relations of actors were analyzed both at a typical management unit level in Turkey and national level with a combination of qualitative interviews, document analysis and participatory observations. Variations exist in the power relations between state, market, and non-industrial actors. However, not much variations were observed between case study results and national level results. State actors are commonly the most powerful ones to lead forest management due to ownership structure and historical legacy of management practices. However, an apparent shift is observed in power relationships from state actors towards others in forest governance. While conflicts exist, actors focusing on wood supply are still the more influential ones than the stakeholders involved in other ecosystem services. Overall, actors appreciate the design and implementation of ecosystem based forest management concept across the country with different preferences and priorities. Considerable emphasis may be channelled to the power relations of actors as multiple ecosystem services are demanded by various actors questioning the traditional perspective of forest management and governance structure.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Wandering in the gray: The pricing of housing restricted by land use regulation in Beijing, China

    Li L.Xia F.
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdMany informalities exist in the provision of affordable housing in transitional economies such as China. China's diverse profile of informal housing demands a broader definition of informality that includes both the absence/presence and degree of property rights. In this study, we investigate the distinct phenomenon of residential housing built on commercial use land, termed commercial land (CL) housing. CL housing is characterized by incomplete property rights because it violates regulated land uses, which is further exacerbated by policies aimed at enforcing the land use regulation. The changes in the degree of property rights of CL housing provide a natural experiment to improve understanding of the dynamics of the informal housing market in China. Drawing on a large database of housing transactions in the city of Beijing, our results suggest that on average, CL housing is priced 30% lower than formal commodity housing, increasing to over 60% in situations with a lower level of property rights. The loss in value of CL housing due to government regulation amounts to 11,483 RMB (equivalent to US $1771) per square meter. We also find evidence that CL housing facilitates investment, which may have declined as a result of the regulated CL market. Overall, our findings are of theoretical and empirical significance for understanding informal housing development in China, involving complex and dynamic property rights and requiring government regulation to address housing informality.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Organizational model of municipal housing stock management in the contracting system–A case study of Poland

    Muczynski A.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdSocial housing management across Europe is evolving towards a more market-oriented approach in response to the progressing decentralization of public services and privatization of public housing. In Poland, these trends are particularly related to changes in the organization of municipal housing stock management. One recommended option for such changes has become the evolution from an indirect system based on municipal units into a contracting system based on private entities. This paper presents the organizational model of municipal housing stock management in Poland in the contracting system. The model was designed as an organizational management standard for a typical urban municipality. The model was developed by integrating theoretical solutions and the results of empirical research conducted in Polish cities in view of the key organizational principles. The methodology for developing the model was based on the diagnostic-functional approach to designing organizational systems with the use of the Hijmans competence tables technique. This model strives to enhance the quality and efficiency of municipal housing management services by improving their organization in line with the New Public Management concept. The proposed model could be of interest to other countries where the management of social housing is subjected to restructuring and privatization pressure.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Reviewing the Cerrado's limits, flora distribution patterns, and conservation status for policy decisions

    Vieira L.T.A.Azevedo T.N.Castro A.A.J.F.Martins F.R....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe Cerrado contains a wide variety of vegetation types, and it is known for its high biodiversity but is highly threatened. We review the changes through time of geographical limits, studies on flora distribution patterns, and conservation status of Cerrado. Even with advances in technology, only the first government official map of Cerrado in 1993 included disjunct cerrado vegetations, that is, cerrado enclaves in other phytogeographic domains. The lack of cerrado enclaves delimiting and changes of geographical limits of Cerrado affects the land regulations because Brazilian government programs, or even laws, can be specific to a phytogeographic domain. Cerrado flora distribution presented a consistent pattern among studies along time, in which different regions show high similarity in their floristic composition, namely Biogeographic Districts (BD). We need conservation actions in each BD, since protected areas and deforestation rates are uneven among the BDs. Today, only 8.36% of cerrado are in Conservations Units (CU), far from the goal of 17% by 2020. Only 6.51% of cerrado are Indigenous Lands (IL). Both protected areas (CU and IL) have practically not increased since 2009. Discounting area overlapped, only 14.41% of Cerrado territory is in Protected Areas. The clear-cut deforested area reached 49.9% of Cerrado in 2019. From 2016–2019, the average annual deforestation rate is proportionally 78% higher than in Amazon. In recent years, the higher deforestation rates are in the states of North and Northeast of Brazil. We need strategic plans to conserve areas in all Biogeographic Districts, including disjunct cerrado areas, and think out how to reduce deforestation rates and promote sustainability actions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Climate change vulnerability, adaptation measures, and risk perceptions at households level in Acholi sub-region, Northern Uganda

    Twecan D.Wang W.Xu J.Mohmmed A....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdUganda is among the world's susceptible countries to climate extremes, such as droughts (IPCC, 2007). This study assesses the risks associated with climate change vulnerability, adaptation techniques used by young smallholder farmers to ease its adverse effects on agriculture. A dataset of 600 randomly selected respondents was collected using the household survey method from Gulu, Kitgum, Pader, Amuru, Nwoya, and Lamwo districts. Finding reveals droughts, increased temperature, pests and diseases, degradation, and poor socioeconomic conditions as the main determinants of climate change. The main adaptation measures revealed were changing crop types, planting early-maturing crops, crop rotation, mixed cropping, and livelihood diversification. Lack of knowledge and information, poverty, inadequate governmental support, limited agricultural extension, insufficient financial capital, illiteracy, and markets were the main constraints hindering access and adoption of advanced adaptation measures. This research provides useful insights and evidence for policy implementation on household farm-level climate change vulnerability, adaptation measures, and risk perceptions in absorbing, adapting, and transforming from climate shocks and threats. The analysis implies that the government should provide agricultural extension services on climate vulnerability and adaptation measures, access to market, financial credits, knowledge and information, accessible livelihoods assets, and end-to-land grabbing. Overall, our results recommend that government authorities and relevant stakeholders integrate and implement climate change adaptation policies at local government operations to ease the vulnerability of smallholder farmers and augment their climate change absorptive, adaptive, and transformative abilities.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Contribution of rural settlements to the deforestation dynamics in the Legal Amazon

    Pereira A.S.A.D.P.dos Santos V.J.Alves S.D.C.Amaral e Silva A....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdRural settlements aim to promote land distribution in Brazil, as well as to apply agrarian policy. More than 9 thousand settlements in the country are distributed by the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), totaling 87.9 million hectares. Approximately 87% of this area is located in the Legal Amazon, an area of vital environmental and political importance in Brazil. This study evaluated the contribution of agrarian reform through the redistribution of land, the process of native vegetation suppression, and deforestation dynamics in the Legal Amazon. In addition, possible influences caused by modality, location within the Deforestation Arc, and the year of creation were also evaluated. The main results of the research show that there was a reduction in deforested areas in the settlements between the two periods analyzed and that the annual rate of deforestation within the settlements influences deforestation in the Legal Amazon. In addition, the study pointed out the “Conventional” category as the one that most converted the forest to other uses, showing the need to encourage sustainable land use. It is concluded that, for deforestation that occurs in settled areas, the greatest concentration of areas is located outside of the Deforestation Arc, which justifies why deforestation outside the Arc is greater when compared to settlements inserted in it. Regarding the creation year, deforestation is independent of this factor. However, after the insertion of the settlement, deforestation is intensified.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Can China's unified construction land market mitigate urban land shortage? Evidence from Deqing and Nanhai, Eastern coastal China

    Wen L.Zhang A.Chatalova L.
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe continuing growth in demand for construction land in China along with the lagging capacity of government-controlled land supply call for solutions that could benefit both urban and rural development. The study analyzes whether opening up the rural construction land market in the course of establishing a unified land market can reduce shortage of urban construction land and associated urban land conflicts. Supply and demand functions of rural and urban construction land are estimated based on the first-hand and the second-hand data on official land transactions in Nanhai district and Deqing County, Eastern coastal China. The optimal land supply of local governments and rural collectives is determined assuming a Cournot-Nash duopoly equilibrium. The results show that a unified construction land market can improve efficiency of land transactions and substantially increase construction land supply. This effect is due to the complementary and substitutional relationship between the urban and rural land supply, where the former was found to be much stronger, especially in economically advanced areas. The observed substitution effect reflects along with the impact of the duopoly market the concurrent monopoly of local governments in coupon trading. The findings point out the relevance of establishing of the land market in different regions with different modes and inform other transition economies that are in the process of preparing or implementing land market reforms.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Market-oriented reform and land use efficiency: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design

    Lu S.Wang H.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThis paper explores the causal effect of market-oriented reform on land use efficiency, by taking a fuzzy regression discontinuity (RD) design based on China's land market reform. The reform in this paper refers to the event that the central government strictly directed city governments to choose market-oriented methods in transferring industrial land since July 1, 2007. Such an institutional background leads to a discontinuity where the probability of land transferred through market-oriented methods significantly jumped up after July 1. The RD results show that market does have a positive impact on land use efficiency, which is indicated by the shortened land development period, relaxing of the constraint on floor area ratio, and superior companies being screened out to become land buyers. These effects are not only statistically significant and economically sizable, but also keep robust facing multiple changes of bandwidth, alternate of the database, and deletion of special samples. However, we also find the positive effect of market is conditional on government-enterprise relationships. If we compare land whose buyers are companies with a close relationship with governments, market will neither increase the intensity of land use nor make superior companies stand out. This paper contributes to the literature on the efficiency of market for two aspects: (1) by using a novel RD design we identify the causal effect of market-oriented reform on land use efficiency; (2) by uncovering the conditional effect of market we prove the limitation of market in a transitional economy, where other factors like networks, political forces still play an important role.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Farm growth and land concentration

    Plogmann J.Odening M.Ritter M.Musshoff O....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdStructural change in agriculture is characterized by the interdependency of farms’ growth decisions due to the scarcity of agricultural land. This paper adds to the sparse empirical literature on the relation between land market concentration and farm size changes, considering different definitions of the relevant market. Using data from the Integrated Administrative Control System (IACS) from 2005 until 2017 for Brandenburg, Germany, we find that about half of the land transactions occur beyond municipality borders. This emphasizes the importance of carefully defining the relevant market. The descriptive analysis shows that although concentration rates, on average, did not increase over time, spatial differences are present. In the econometric analysis, we apply a two-stage model to analyze how competition for agricultural land impacts the probability and relative level of expansion. For farms that remained active between 2005 and 2017, we find a negative relation between farm size and relative growth. Our conjecture that higher inequality of land distribution fosters the expansion of large farms was not confirmed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier