查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsSuitable management and recovery of architectural and cultural heritage contribute to promote the development of rural towns. This was the case of the work done for 10 years by the Fundación Huete Futuro (the Huete Future Foundation; FHF) in the town of Huete in Cuenca (Spain). This study intended to identify the drivers of impact and the social changes that this heritage management led to. To do so, two methodological approaches were employed: Participatory Impact Pathway Analysis (PIPA) and Positive Social Change (PSC). The main obtained results corresponded to the physical restoration of buildings of historic interest for Huete and the promotion of activities of cultural interest. Moreover, the integration of and social participation in the planning and management process for recovering heritage were also promoted. This heritage management and its revaluation promoted tourist activities that favoured rural development and encouraged a change in social behaviour. The population began to perceive its heritage as a means towards empowerment and innovation.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdIn the context of the rapid rise of agricultural mechanization in China, this paper examines the impact of household-owned farm machinery and outsourced agricultural machinery services on the land leasing behavior of Chinese relatively large-scale farmers. Based on the CFPS2018 survey data, this study suggests that farm machinery is beneficial for expanding the scale of farms. With increases in household-owned machinery, farmers are more inclined to lease-in land, and they are less inclined to rent-out land. The more agricultural machinery services farmers purchase, the more they tend to transfer-in land and the probability of transfer-out land is lower. However, uneven village terrain can weaken the effects of the two kinds of agricultural mechanization on land leasing. Moreover, this study confirms that household-owned farm machinery and outsourced agricultural machinery services could positively regulate each other's influence on land leasing, indicating that there is a complementary relationship between the two types of agricultural machinery. Further mechanism analyses show that the channels by which household-owned farm machinery and outsourced agricultural machinery services affect land leasing are quite different. The self-purchased machinery of farmers mainly plays a role through labor complementarity effects, while outsourced agricultural machinery services mainly affect land leasing through labor substitution effects.
da Cruz D.C.Ferreira G.C.Ribeiro S.S.Schwartz G....
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查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsEnvironmental degradation, over the years, has drastically changed landscapes in the Amazon. At the same time, discussion, knowledge, and actions on the conservation of forest remnants and restoration of degraded environments have increased worldwide. The present study, carried out in Paragominas (Brazilian Amazon), aimed: (1) to evaluate the process of landscape change over the last 36 years (1984–2020); (2) to identify degraded environments within legally established permanent preservation areas (PPAs); and (3) to map environmental liabilities in degraded rural properties which, according to environmental regulations, must be recovered. The priority areas for restoration were defined considering (a) the environmental liabilities of each rural property; (b) the remnant forest in each rural property; (c) the rural properties’ boundaries; and (d) the degraded PPAs in each rural property. Deforestation followed by land use change in Paragominas’ territory increased from 12% (2336 km2) in 1984–45% (8783 km2) in 2020. The municipality presented 4416 km of rivers and c.a 6157 springs under pressure (i.e. agriculture, pasture, urban areas and deforested areas). The environmental liabilities identified summed 638.85 km2, which, according to environmental regulations, must be recovered. It is important to consider that when producers protect PPAs in their properties, they also conserve soil and water resources as well as contribute to biodiversity maintenance.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThrough an examination of output efficiency of urban land use and its driving mechanisms, this paper aims to highlight the roles of inherent differences in development cycle and resource endowment and the need for a targeted revitalization policy in resource-based cities in China. Based on the Slack-Based Model-Undesirable through the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Tobit model on panel data at the municipal level between 2000 and 2018, our analytical framework addresses the methodological concern of existing studies on the estimate of urban land use efficiency (ULUE) and its possible determining factors for 115 resource-based cities in China. Examination through the Tobit model suggests that it is more effective for the local governments of resource-based cities to improve their ULUE by investing in road networks and science and technology. The organic growth of urban land leads to rapid urbanization but is not necessarily conducive to the improvement of ULUE. Importantly, the stages of the development cycle and the geographical specificities of particular cities in terms of natural resource endowments and socio-economic structure is important to the level of ULUE of resource-based cities. Coal-based cities, and to a lesser extent, ferrous metal-based cities, are normally lower-tiered cities and have the highest level of dependency on the exploitation of natural resources, therefore, the government should not underestimate the difficulties to revitalize the economies of such resource-based cities.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022We provide a picture of public attitudes toward desirable land uses and land features (LULFs) for the future of the Upper Missouri River Basin (UMRB) and examine if residents’ desires are correlated with socioenvironmental conditions of their landscapes. We conducted a survey of residents in 22 human population centers (HPCs), generated a ranking of residents’ desired LULFs, and performed a correlation analysis of the relationship between the scores dedicated to LULFs and 24 variables linked to socioenvironmental conditions of landscapes. Our results indicate that there was strong agreement among residents of the UMRB about the most desirable LULFs despite large socioenvironmental differences across the region. Agriculture was generally found to be among the most desirable LULFs in the UMRB, but it was especially desirable in rural communities. LULFs related to development and energy had more variable responses and were among the least desirable LULFs in the UMRB. Hunting was more desirable in HPCs surrounded by grasslands and public lands. Overall, non-monetary LULFs were more strongly valued when looking into the future. We conclude that the future that residents desire to see on their landscapes is partly influenced by the current status of socioenvironmental conditions of their landscapes. Concurrently, these conditions, can be, to a large extent, the product of residents’ past and current activities on their landscapes. Thus, change in residents’ desires depends on change in these conditions, and probably, vice versa.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdCompact development is proposed to preserve land resources as well as promote agglomeration economies. This paper adopts a multi-indicator system of compact cities, including population density, boundary limitation, and road density, to examine the relationship between the compact city and urban efficiency through agglomeration economies. We empirically examine the relationships between compact city indicators and comprehensive/technical efficiency measures of the cities through GMM regression with panel data of 226 prefectural and upper-level cities in China during 2001–2015. We find the answers heterogeneous for each indicator-efficiency pair for each city type. Higher population density and compact urban form are beneficial to the urban economic efficiencies of large cities, but not for the technical efficiency of small cities. Road density is conducive efficiencies for small and medium cities, but not technical efficiencies for large cities. We confer that the heterogeneity may be explained by the economic structure compositions of cities of different sizes. Based on our findings, we propose tailor-made policy suggestions regarding urban compactness and economic efficiencies for cities of different sizes.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdTrade-off occurs when two or more land use functions compete with each other, and high degree of trade-off tends to impede the maximization of land resource utility. Identifying the pattern of trade-offs among multiple land functions is an essential way to achieve sustainable land management. However, effective governance depends heavily on the trade-off information at finer scales which is difficult to acquire due to the challenges in collecting social and economic data at these scales. To overcome this limitation, we developed a framework to reveal the spatio-temporal pattern of land multi-functionality in the middle reaches of the Heihe River in 2006 and 2016 at the township scale by assimilating datasets from multiple sources especially including remote sensing and Internet-based geospatial data. Then we examined the trade-offs and synergy among different land functions by correlation analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis. Finally, we conducted land function zoning analysis using the k-means clustering method to get different zones for the purpose of land management. The results showed that land multi-functionality in the middle reaches of the Heihe River showed highly temporal and spatial variations, which was characterized by the strongest economic and social functions around town centers, the strongest environmental functions at the mountainous areas, and the prominent social functions in the ethnic towns. The quantified value of land multi-functionality increased rapidly by 35.0% from 2006 to 2016 with economic, social and environmental function increasing by 61.4%, 47.8% and 6.4% respectively. The trade-offs and synergies among land functions were complex. The synergy between economic function and social function was at a high level and stable, while the trade-off between environmental function and economic function was high but slightly weakened. We identified three hotspots of trade-offs and synergies among multiple land functions, which corresponded to low-intensity development, high-intensity development, and restrictive development for restoration and protection. Based on the trade-offs and synergies among land functions, we classified the study area into four zones, which were useful for land management. Our research highlights the use of Internet-based geospatial and remote sensing data to get fine-scale information about land multi-functionality, and provides scientific guidelines for sustainable land use.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdHarmonized development of urban agricultural functions is necessary to ensure sustainable urban development, in which rational utilization of land plays a key role. With rapid urbanization, urban agricultural land has been encroached, the development of urban agriculture functions has become unbalanced, and differences between land, agriculture, and urban systems have become more evident. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of land use structure and the functional spatial differentiation of urban agriculture in Wuhan and studied the quantitative relationship and influence mechanisms between them. We found that the spatial differentiation of urban agricultural function in Wuhan was closely related to the urban developmental structure, comprehensive index of land use degree, and information entropy of land use structure; moreover, urban agricultural land rate showed different effects on urban agricultural functions of different clusters. Based on these results, we proposed optimization strategies for streets and towns with different development levels of urban agricultural functions to promote sustainable development of both urban agriculture and cities through the rational use of land.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdProtecting forests is an increasingly essential and urgent priority to address the climate and biodiversity crises. These forests are home to communities, often Indigenous communities, who are facing multiple pressures including industrial extraction (logging and mining), illegal activities, as well as population growth and development, all of which drive land use change, forest loss and degradation. Addressing these multiple pressures requires integrated landscape approaches. Landscape planning has an important role to play in forest protection and conservation, including in areas of tropical primary forest in developing countries. However, resource and capacity limitations mean that planning activities in these contexts are often informal and nascent, rather than highly formalised in planning documents, and evaluation is limited. Robust tools to guide evaluation in emergent planning contexts can help improve planning processes and outcomes, and guide planners (community-based and otherwise) to choose and apply the right planning tools for the context. This paper develops an evaluation framework of principles, criteria and indicators for assessing informal and emerging forest landscape planning processes. The framework is designed particularly for stakeholders involved in forest landscapes planning processes with few resources and where formal technical capacity is limited. The framework will help guide and improve landscape planning for forest protection and sustainability.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdIdentifying the economic potential of informal urban areas is a topic of increasing interest for policymakers and practitioners in less developed countries, yet little is known of how informal street design influences the type and count of business opportunities. By adapting a space syntax framework, this study aims to quantitatively verify the association between the street design of informal areas in Cairo and patterns of home-based businesses in areas where small business prevalence is high. This paper contributes to the literature by developing a methodology which is fit for testing hypotheses, allows to control for the influence of unobserved factors, and which extracts the spatial rules, trends or logics of business patterns. The results show that street accessibility is an important factor in encouraging (or discouraging) the settlement of home-based businesses. Home-based businesses are spatially distributed along the local primary streets, which provide flows of potential customers. Our findings contribute to a better knowledge base for understanding how different types of economic activities and the spatial properties of the built environment relate to each other, how street design may impact on the emergence of small and micro-enterprises, what kind of business may suit isolated laneways, how informal business activities can be anticipated and managed, and how land use regulations can be improved.
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