查看更多>>摘要：The quantitative identification and trade-off/synergy analysis of land use functions (LUFs) form the foundation of territory spatial planning and management. However, the application of trade-offs/synergies in LUF changes to territory spatial zoning remains understudied. In this study, with Hangzhou city in eastern China as a case study area, a series of geospatial models and multisource data were used to quantify LUFs at grid scale over a long time series. The normalized revealed comparative advantage index model was utilized to identify the dominant functions of territory space. Then, Pearson correlation analysis was employed to reveal the spatial and temporal patterns of LUF trade-offs/synergies. Finally, based on quantitative LUFs and their trade-offs/synergies, this study proposed a new spatial functional zoning scheme and targeted management measures to improve territory spatial zoning management. The results showed that during 2000 and 2018, production and ecological functions improved in the western mountainous areas and declined in the eastern plains, while living function significantly improved obviously in the eastern plains of Hangzhou City. The distributions of agricultural, urban and ecological dominant functional areas exhibited obvious regional differences. Among the three LUFs, the trade-off relationship dominated their interactive relationships, trade-off areas for production and living, and for living and ecological function changes mainly occurred in peri-urban areas, while trade-off areas for production and ecological function changes were distributed in the eastern outer suburbs and western valley of Hangzhou City. Based on the dominant functions and trade-offs/synergies of LUF changes, ten types of grid-scale territory spatial functional zones and five types of town-scale major functional zones were divided to optimize and control territory spatial patterns. In general, the proposed zoning scheme contributes to addressing LUF conflicts and building a territory spatial pattern with coordination development of agriculture, urban and ecology.
Maples, Chellie H.Hagerman, Amy D.Lambert, Dayton M.
18页
查看更多>>摘要：The Grassland Conservation Initiative (GCI) was introduced under the United States 2018 Agricultural Improvement Act. The goal of the GCI is to conserve pasture and grassland. This study analyzes the ex -ante impacts of the GCI on crop returns and land-use acreage for Oklahoma farmers and ranchers. Oklahoma's agricultural landscape is diverse. As with most agricultural policies focusing on land use, the distributional effects of GCI program will be conditional upon dominant land use types and grassland/pasture resources. Regions endowed with relatively more land resources in pasture and grassland are more likely to have more eligible acres, thereby potentially signaling to landowners in those regions opportunities to accrue land-holding rents. Land-use dynamics are estimated as a first-order Markov process. Not all regions benefit from this program. Findings suggest that aggregate net returns to cropland decrease. However, locations with above average pasture and grassland acreage experience gains in returns under certain policy assumptions. Counties experiencing gains from the GCI policy could experience higher returns to cattle and wheat compared to other counties with limited grassland and pasture acreage.
查看更多>>摘要：The research discusses how land pooling policies can become part of predisposed institutional frameworks that support processes of land ownership concentration when embedded in the complex, multilayered context of governmental coordination. Land pooling policies are being promoted by international organizations, the New Urban Agenda (NUA) and other best-practice literature for their potential to supply urban land and utilize part of the land value increment from urbanization to cover the costs for infrastructure, public facilities and construction. In this literature land pooling policies are characterized as equitable land policies because they proportionally distribute the development gain back to the original landowners. However, land pooling policies are no 'silver bullet' for an equitable urbanization. Depending on the institutionalization in the larger framework of national policies, land pooling policies might become included into processes of ground rent dispossession when embedded in the context of overlaying policies with contradictory objectives on diverse governance levels. This can support land transactions that in sum lead to a concentration of land ownership. The research analyses the case of the Republic of Korea, where land pooling policies have been the dominating land policies during the period of rapid urbanization in order to reveal new knowledge on the distributional characteristics of those policies in practice. The study makes clear how government coordination in the narrow perspective (land pooling policies) and in the wide perspective (national planning policies) affects the key transaction dimensions (land values, information impactedness and financing) which causes the diffusion of the equitable character of land pooling policies. The findings are valuable for the academic discourse as well as the best practice literature. Based on the findings the study closes with a set of recommendations for a more equitable implementation of land pooling policies that might be valuable for policy makers, planners, and academics especially in countries that are confronted with the challenges of rapid urbanization.
查看更多>>摘要：This article investigates the relationship among the spatial uncertainty in the cadastral maps, the registered parcel areas, and the state liability in the context of ownership rights in Turkey. Throughout the history of the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (GDLRC), several regulations have been put into effect for defining the state's responsibility regarding the geometric errors sourced from surveying and map production activities, from raw measurements to the calculated parcel areas. The errors may be sourced from instrument precision, manufacturing flaws, algorithms used for coordinate determination from measurements, projection system transformations, parcel area calculation methods, and operator mistakes, which may arise from insufficient training, human nature, or even intentional acts. Recently in Turkey, several court decisions were ruled on the state liability and indemnity for the differences between the "actual boundary" and "registered area" of cadastral parcels, without considering the various types of uncertainty, such as random, systematic, and gross errors sourced from the instruments and methods. The present study aimed at analyzing the insufficiently considered relation between the measurement uncertainty and the legal bindings by investigating the Turkish Land Registry and Cadastre System comparatively with the Swiss one, with attention to the recent court decisions including the one from European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Possibilities for future exercises are also discussed here.
Granado-Diaz, RubenVillanueva, Anastasio J.Gomez-Limon, Jose A.
11页
查看更多>>摘要：Rewilding farmland represents a good policy option to restore and conserve the environment in environmentally sensitive areas. This paper is the first to analyze farmers' preferences for rewilding schemes, focusing on partial and complete passive rewilding schemes and using a novel methodological application of the contingent valuation method and an extensive Mediterranean agricultural system as a case study. The results show that farmers would only be willing to participate in rewilding schemes at very high payment levels (euro833 and euro1187/ha/year on average for partial and complete rewilding schemes, respectively). High heterogeneity of preferences is also evidenced, especially related to farm characteristics (yield) and management (use of environmentally friendly practices), farmer characteristics (perceived succession probability and farm income dependence), attitudes, and opinions (with regard to the scheme's objective). Significant policy implications can be drawn from the results, including the need for targeting in rewilding programs, the suitability of complementing them with rural economy diversification actions, and the usefulness of environmental awareness campaigns among farmers.
Hjerpe, EvanArmatas, Christopher A.Haefele, Michelle
11页
查看更多>>摘要：The amenity migration phenomenon and outdoor recreation growth has led to rapid amenity-based development of many gateway communities in the American West, particularly in regions adjacent to protected public lands. This amenity-based development typically enhances traditional regional economic indicators of income, employment, and taxes but can result in run-away housing costs, a hollowing out of income distribution, residential sprawl, and conflict among long-term residents and new arrivals. However, little research has focused specifically on how such migration and the existence of public lands is leading to the development of rural communities. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted econometric analysis to determine which natural amenities, including types of public lands and protected areas, were most associated with levels of amenity-based development in the rural West. We utilize the Destination Development Scale (DDS), an index of migration rates, housing values, and seasonal housing, to rank and regress the amenity development level of 356 non-metro counties. Spatial regressions illustrate that a county's amenity-based development level is most influenced by cool summers, varied topography, forests, water, and regional access. Rural counties with more Wilderness and National Monuments were most highly associated with greater amenity-based development and all six protected area types showed higher DDS scores. Understanding the natural amenities that most influence the economic demand for rural destinations can inform regional planning efforts, helping to prioritize policies that balance conservation and development.
查看更多>>摘要：Due to different capacities for protection and development, the vitality of traditional villages (VTV) in China varies to a great degree. However, the current classification-based sustainable revitalization strategies still lack an up-to-date vitality assessment. Based on the essential requirement of sustainable revitalization, this study defines the VTV as an integrated capacity to protect and develop and establishes an assessment index system from these two aspects. We also adopt the AHP method to determine suitable index weights for the case area and develop models to quantitatively assess vitality and vitality equalization for a large sample of universal traditional villages in the prefecture-level city. The research conducts the vitality evaluation of 148 traditional villages in Lishui, Zhejiang Province. It is found that the method can also analyze the vitality features of each grade from the spatial distribution and the disadvantaged indicators. The VTV assessed in this study was verified to be robust by the correlation test with the number of Point of Interest. Thus, the method is effective and may contribute to traditional villages' sustainable revitalization by providing the basis for classifying the policy making and checking the revitalization effectiveness.
查看更多>>摘要：Population and residential land use are the core elements of the rural man-land relationship system. The rela-tionship between the rural population and residential land is of great significance to the study of the man-land relationship in rural regions. The Longzhong loess hilly region is one of the most vulnerable areas of social ecology and economy in China, with relatively poor natural conditions and economic development. In this paper, 268 administrative villages in Yuzhong County, Longzhong Loess Hilly Region, were used as evaluation units with spatial dislocation analysis methods to analyze the spatial distribution of population and residential land from a micro-spatial perspective. This shows the coupling relationship between population and residential land, and altitude gradient characteristics. Following conclusions are obtained: (1) Rural permanent residents, mi-grants, residential land area and idle homesteads show high spatial similarity. The areas with high density and geographic concentration are mainly concentrated in the central Chuanyuan area, and the areas with low ones are mainly distributed in the northern mountainous regions. (2) There is a highly coupled relationship between population and residential land in Yuzhong County. For the permanent population and residential land area, 89.18% of the administrative villages are in coordination, and 10.82% of the administrative villages are not coordinated. In terms of the proportion of the migrant population and the proportion of idle homesteads, 55.97% of the administrative villages are coordinated, and 44.03% of the administrative villages are not coordinated. (3) The altitude gradient effect on the "population-residential land" coupling relationship is significant. The per-manent population and residential land area are mainly "H-H" type villages in low-altitude gradient areas, and "L-L" type villages in medium-high altitude gradient areas. The proportion of the outflow population and the proportion of idle homesteads of "L-L" type villages are the largest in low-altitude gradient areas, and that of "H-L" type villages are the largest in the middle and high-altitude gradient areas. This paper explored a new model of man-land relationship, and improved the theory of rural man-land relationship regional system. It is of great significance to promote the coordinated and sustainable development of loess hilly region and even the entire Loess Plateau in China.
查看更多>>摘要：Against a global backdrop of growing concerns on housing crises, Chinese megacities have earned unwelcome distinction as among the world's least affordable real estate. In the West, the alleged 'over-restrictiveness' of land-use planning has formed a focus of contestation on factors contributing to unduly expensive housing. In the Chinese context, however, it is unclear how spatial planning - arguably far more positively enabling of urban development and expansion - may have shaped housing market dynamics through its influence on city form. The concept of city form, as used here relates to three aspects, centricity, accessibility and development intensity (density). Focusing on Shanghai, the paper investigates city form impacts on residential property markets and explores the logic of plan-making that feeds into city form outcomes. We draw on a mixed-methods approach, including hedonic house price modelling, as well as qualitative interview and official document review. Analytical outcomes confirm the significant impact of city form on property values. However, planning rationales contributing to the outcome are problematic. Local plans are reinforcing Shanghai's mono-centric structure and having little impact in counteracting the residential attractiveness of the inner city when compared with sub-urban new towns. Moreover, the zoning restrictions of suburban areas are potentially problematic owing to an arguable over-emphasis on preservation of the natural environment. The failure to realise official poly-centricity aspirations and the enlarged gap in house prices between the inner city and suburbs can reinforce socio-spatial sifting and confine low-income people within disadvantaged locations.
查看更多>>摘要：The Slovak government sought a solution to motivate forest owners to improve silvicultural measures and use close-to-nature forest management because it believes it would support all forest ecosystem services. For this reason, a new economic instrument, "Forestry Support for Fulfilling Non-productive Forest Functions" (FSfNPFF), has been recently implemented. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the economic instrument. We used a multicriteria programme evaluation method to (i) analyse this national subsidy for silvicultural measures and close-to-nature forestry as payments for ecosystem services, (ii) evaluate the potential effectiveness of the subsidy and (iii) evaluate the implementation effectiveness in achieving both ecological and policy goals. Characteristics of the FSfNPFF programme partly overlap with the theory of payments for ecosystem services, which concludes that it could be an input-oriented payment or other incentives for ecosystem services. However, as our results revealed, relevant implementation gaps occurred that reduced the overall effectiveness of the FSfNPFF programme, and there is no evidence of how these subsidies support ecosystem services in terms of their quantification.
NSTL
Elsevier