Hagemans, EricUnger, Eva-MariaSoffers, PieterWortel, Tom...
14页查看更多>>摘要：The Netherlands' Cadastre, Land Registry and Mapping Agency - in short Kadaster - provides legal certainty about every piece of land (and water) in the Netherlands. Newly surveyed cadastral boundary geometry is documented in land surveying field sketches and processed in the nationwide cadastral map. Because of the different working methods since the start of cadastral surveying in 1811 (a nationwide cadastral map was available in 1832 when Kadaster was established) the map has a so-called graphical quality. The standard deviation of boundary points is 20 cm for urban areas and 40 cm for rural areas (in the national reference system), this implies that the geometric quality of the current map is insufficient for determining the exact parcel location in the field. With an increasing digitization and open data policy, multiple sources of information (including the cadastral map) are demanded to be accessible and usable by a wide range of users. This so-called geographical quality and its limitations leads to bottlenecks and incomprehension. This is the reason why Kadaster has started a program, the Cadastral Map Next program, aiming at the development of a methodology for the development of a new version of the cadastral map. The aim of this new version is that the location of boundaries is so accurate, that the boundary coordinates from the map are usable for a better approximation of the boundary location in the field and can accommodate future demands and developments. This development process is based on the use of the original field observations. For this purpose, almost all observations on all (historical) field sketches must be processed. There are about 5 million digitally archived field sketches. This is an enormous challenge that requires far reaching automation. The program has investigated whether it is possible to automatically extract the original (mostly handwritten) measurements from the field sketches and to combine this information and re-determine the location of the boundaries with a very high accuracy of boundary points. With the support of several companies, it has been possible to build a cadastral map with a known geometrical quality and verified accuracy. This accurate cadastral map is called 'Reconstruction Map', a working title for the cadastral map with known geometrical quality and higher accuracy. Once this map is ready and the involved parties agree, it will be introduced and presented as the 'Cadastral Map Next' and replace the current cadastral map. An important step in this process is to redesign the current data model from parcel level to the more specific boundary level to achieve an unambiguous connection between cadastral objects and its related survey data. A challenge in this process is that the current survey documents only describe changes in a parcel, thus different boundaries of a parcel are related to different survey documents. This challenge should be addressed in the new model. The new data model applies the sub-package 'Survey and Representation' of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), an ISO standard, for solid solutions in their design process. The basic structure of spatial sources, points, boundaries and parcels, all with their own identification, enables to store relevant data, like coordinates, quality descriptions and metadata, as attributes to these objects. Further new relations can be established while previous ones are maintained. The concept of the 'Reconstruction Map' and the 'information layer' (metadata) will bring new insights to establish new relations and so relate the different cadastral objects in a more dedicated way.
原文链接:
NSTL
Okembo, CliffordLemmen, ChristiaanKuria, DavidZevenbergen, Jaap...
10页查看更多>>摘要：Land is an important resource globally and its administration and management are crucial in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for example goal 15 and targets 1.4, 2.3, and 5.a. Most land information, more so in the developing countries, are paper based and manually managed. Several countries are working on digital migration for land processes and administration. This is done by first developing a data model for both land parcel and attribute information. International Standards Organization (ISO) Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) was developed in 2012 as a universally accepted model for managing land information. Since then, several countries have developed their country profiles, while others are in the process of developing their regional or country profiles based on their unique requirements. In Kenya, work on a country profile is underway. Several factors need to be considered while developing or extending a LADM country profile. These include a defined scope and stakeholder involvement. Sound methodology is required to deliver a country model. Reviewing the existing legal framework and processes is key. Consequently, the needs of the users and reviewing the earlier proposed models is important. This research, has in addition, interviewed stakeholders and experts on land administration in Kenya and validated these through Focus Group Discussions. To meet requirements related to gender rights and recordation, community land rights, pastoralists seasonal occupation of land and informal occupation required special attention in the process of developing the model for Kenya. The required attributes, Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRR) and relationship between the classes were also identified. This paper provides a comprehensive set of requirements for developing an extended country profile for Kenya based on the ISO LADM.
原文链接:- NSTL
Kazemi, FatemehPour, Nazanin HosseinMahdizadeh, Hassan
12页查看更多>>摘要：Shortage of resources, mostly water, and lack of attention to Life Cycle Costs (LCC) have challenged urban landscape development and require methodological development for more sustainable urban landscape designs. In this research, decision-making methods, including Value Engineering (VE), Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM), and Risk Management (RM) techniques, which are essential tools for optimal use of resources, were integrated to optimize the design of a city park, especially towards economic sustainability. This research was carried out on a case study design in Mashhad, Iran, where open space was designed as a park space based on two methods. A conventional base plan was developed based on the general and standard principles of park design. In contrast, in a proposed Low-Input plan, the sustainable output indicators of economic, social, and environmental were applied to design a park with minimum cost inputs in the design and maintenance stages. The results showed that by using the VE and MCDM methods to choose sustainability indicators, the consumption of re-sources and maintenance costs used for the LCC decreased, while initial park construction costs were higher. The proposed Low-Input plan was expected to reduce costs by 62.7% compared to the conventional base plan. Therefore, VE can balance costs and improve design quality and be a valuable tool in the design and maintenance of urban parks.
原文链接:- NSTL
Chang JiangFeng Shan-shanZhou Yao
17页查看更多>>摘要：Many serious ecological problems and changes in urban spatial structure in coal resource-based cities in China are attributable to rapid urbanization and human coal mining activities. Therefore, optimizing urban spatial structure and functions can help balance the opposing requirements of urban built-up areas and ecosystems. This research first used restricted ecological areas in the three scenarios and embedded them in the PLUS model. Subsequently, the Markov chain model combined with the ecosystem service value maximization optimization model predicted the land-use demand in two scenarios. Through the LEAS function of the PLUS model, the 19 influencing factors under the "pressure-state-response (PSR) " framework were analyzed. The important driving factors affecting land use were obtained and embedded in the PLUS model. Finally, the urban growth boundary (UGB) for the Jining Metropolitan Area (JMA) in 2030 to optimize the urban spatial structure and ecological functions was determined for four scenarios: natural development (ND), ecological security (ES), multiregulation integrity (MR), and ecosystem health (EH). After comparing the UGB in these four scenarios, we found that the ES scenario ensured ES in the JMA. Additionally, under the EH scenario, the urban spatial structure and functions were further optimized. Our research could provide new ideas and technical support for the rational layout of the spatial structure and functions of coal resource-based cities.
原文链接:- NSTL
Edita, AbalikstieneDalia, Perkumiene
12页查看更多>>摘要：Land use is the result of direct or indirect decisions to change the current use of land at the level of individual landowners, regional or national authorities, international organizations, or any other land-related interests. Territorial planning is one of the tools for controlling urbanization processes in rural areas. The aim of this article is to analyze the territorial planning documents regulating agricultural land use change in Vilnius district municipality (Lithuania) and to assess the impact of land change and use on it. Until now, land use changes often remain only in the form of statistical indicators, territorial planning document solutions are presented without an abstract assessment of what would happen if all the planned changes in territories do occur, there are not enough legal safeguards in territorial planning, despite the widely accepted assumption that planning affects land use changes. In order to better analyze the role of territorial planning in land use change in the Republic of Lithuania, it is appropriate to evaluate: 1) the legal regulation of territorial planning documents in terms of land use change; 2) measures for the implementation of territorial planning documents through management processes and 3) the influence of various factors for the implementation of decision-making. One of the most common problems is that quite often agricultural land use changes challenges are solved without considering the many human activities in the environment. That is why territorial planning documents are being prepared, which provide the main criteria for how to organize a territory. Another problem that arises in this area is that agricultural land use change processes have intensified with the restoration of independence and the substantial contribution of private capital to urban development.
原文链接:- NSTL
Matti, StephanieOgmundardottir, HelgaAoalgeirsdottir, GuofinnaReichardt, Uta...
13页查看更多>>摘要：Land use planning has been promoted as a key measure to decrease the risk of natural disasters including landslides, however, there is a dearth of research on how the impact it has on the psychosocial wellbeing of affected people. This ethnographic study examines the risk management of the Svinafellsheioi mountain in south -east Iceland. Scientific monitoring suggests that an estimated 60-100 million cubic metres of bedrock could fall onto the glacier below, and cause flooding or a tsunami in the proglacial lake. A no-build zone was in place between 2018 and 2020 to prevent a further increase in the number of people exposed to the hazard. Our results indicate that the no-build zone had adverse effects on the psychosocial wellbeing of those affected including frustration about a perceived inability to make changes to their home and business operations, leaving them feeling that their future was uncertain or on hold. These frustrations also acted as a persistent reminder of the risk posed by the unstable slope, reinforcing anxiety and undermining people's ability to gain respite through day -to-day routine. Based on the findings, we recommend that land use planners take the psychosocial wellbeing of affected communities into account when contemplating no-build zones, and that psychosocial support be offered especially when a small group of people face an existential threat for an extended period.
原文链接:- NSTL
Elsevier
Singhapathirana, Priyanwada IndeewareeHui, Eddie Chi ManJayantha, Wadu Mesthrige
11页查看更多>>摘要：Public land ownership is a common practice in many countries across the world. Whereas some countries provide empirical evidence on effective utilization of public lands, recent studies from elsewhere reveal less-obvious forms of public land misuse in cities. There has not been any systematic analysis to examine the most critical and common factors across countries that can either facilitate or hinder the effective utilization of public lands. This study aimed to examine the critical factors affecting the effective utilization of public lands. A systematic review and thematic synthesis were carried out with 44 research articles published on Public Land Development (PLD) over the last two decades (2000-2019), which were retrieved through a systematic approach. The review identified eleven critical factors affecting the PLD. This critical review was instrumental in identifying the knowledge gaps in PLD. The absence of a critical inquiry into the practice of longstanding underutilization of public lands in various forms and its causative factors, especially in the developing Asian countries (e.g., India, Sri Lanka) is one of the prominent knowledge gaps in current scholarship. Likewise, a firm adoption of a relational approach to analyse the public land and rigorous analysis of networked relationships among critical elements of PLD have yet to be undertaken.
原文链接:- NSTL
Van Assche, KristofBirchall, JeffGruezmacher, Monica
9页查看更多>>摘要：Northern regions are still less visible than others. This means that dealing with problems of the North often takes place in the mode of damage control. Drawing on Canadian and Alaskan experiences, we argue that northern communities need integrated resilience strategies for their development and that such strategies need to have the character of local plans. We argue therefore for local planning as a site of policy integration in the formulation of resilience strategy. A redefinition or reorientation of key terms is required however, with resilience taking on local attributes, planning understood as pro-active local design and governance seen as an always local northern bricolage. This approach can enhance the capacity to entertain alternative futures in the governance system, the capacity to assess constantly shifting problematizations of issues, and a better matching of locally desirable futures and existing assets.
原文链接:- NSTL
Panman, AlexandraGracia, Nancy Lozano
12页查看更多>>摘要：Land titling has been a policy priority for developing country cities for decades. In Sub-Saharan Africa and across the world, tenure formalization has been promoted as a tool to improve the quality and value of urban housing. The track record of these projects, however, has generally been disappointing. Why is this? In this paper, we argue that project design has paid too little attention to contextual features of land markets in estimating the benefits of formalization to individual households. We draw on evidence from a case study city - Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - to show that in cities where broader property rights institutions are incomplete and informal sources of tenure security are strong, formal property rights may not be valued by households. This raises questions about the households' willingness to pay for regularisation and suggests that complementary strategies to build trust in government and consolidate public benefits of titling will be needed to ensure that projects have a beneficial impact.
原文链接:- NSTL
- Elsevier
Li, WangSong, WeiTang, FengWang, Li...
17页查看更多>>摘要：Urbanisation leads to dramatic changes in regional land use, which significantly affects habitat quality. Research on the coupling coordination relationship between urbanisation and habitat quality is conducive to promoting regional ecological environment improvement and urban sustainable development. In this article, we adopted the InVEST model and linear weighted sum method separately to evaluate the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of habitat quality and urbanisation level of the Grand Canal. Then, we used the coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) to investigate the interactive coercing relationship between urbanisation and habitat quality. The purpose was to provide reference for future implementation of ecological conservation work along the Grand Canal and formulation of sustainable urban development strategies. The results showed that habitat quality has continued to decline from 1990 to 2018. After becoming a world cultural heritage site, the habitat quality of the partial reaches has improved. The comprehensive urbanisation level and the four subsystem urbanisation levels, including demographic urbanisation, spatial urbanisation, economic urbanisation, and social urbanisation, of 35 cities along the Grand Canal have all steadily increased from 1990 to 2018. The social urbanisation level was obviously lower than the urbanisation levels of the other three dimensions in most cities along the Grand Canal, indicating that the quality of urbanisation seriously lags behind the speed. The coupling coordination degree (CCD) between the urbanisation level of each city and the habitat quality of the reaches in the corresponding city exhibited a fluctuating but increasing relationship. Most cities have developed in a more coordinated direction and very few cities have deteriorated. Meanwhile, the coupling coordination characteristics between urbanisation level and habitat quality have constantly changed, from the urbanisation lagged type to the urbanisation-habitat synchronised type and the habitat quality lagged type. This article has important value for implementing the ecological conservation and restoration projects of the Grand Canal, optimizing land management policies, and improving the sustainable development level of cities along the Grand Canal.
原文链接:- NSTL
