查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdProperty disputes in multi-owned buildings (MOB) should be effectively managed to ensure harmonious land use in urban areas. Many studies indicate that a well-planned governance structure of MOBs relying on ownership systems could mitigate property disputes by eliminating their causes contrary to owner needs. However, issues in MOB use and management, stemming from the ownership systems and its relevant architectural systems, are hardly addressed in 2D-based building subdivision practices and frequently result in property disputes. To proactively address these issues, this paper proposes an approach based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) to minimize disputes in MOBs at planning stages in the context of Victoria, Australia. The paper argues that BIM is a suitable data environment to represent and detect dispute triggers interpreted in the spatial context. We first modeled a MOB governance structure as a sociotechnical system (STS) to provide a consistent view for characterizing dispute triggers. We then developed a BIM-based framework for identifying dispute triggers in the MOB governance STS. We implemented the framework and tested its feasibility using a real-world complex building. The results confirmed that the proposedframework would help developers, surveyors, and architects recognize dispute triggers and make better decisions to minimize disputes in planning MOBs.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdRurban landscapes describe the transition areas between urban and surrounding rural environments where city, agriculture, rurality and nature meet. There is a crucial need that urban-rural transition zones must be managed with proper planning instruments to ensure the continuity of agricultural production and to maintain food safety for cities and preserving traditional land use patterns and natural environment and overall rural characters. Urban expansion creates different sprawl models in between rural and urban transitions zones that require careful evaluation due to their multiple features and potentials of rural-agricultural-natural intersection boundaries. The aim of the study is to analyze urban sprawl models and to present applicability of a rural planning guideline for in urban-rural transition zones in Ek?ili case, in Turkish Mediterranean Antalya that still preserves its rural character. In this context, the Rural Planning Guide can be defined as a planning tool that based on environmental, spatial and social characters of both rural and urban areas. A planning zone, including urban sprawl areas and rural land was delineated as the boundaries for the Rural Planning Guide from the building scale to the rural boundaries in the planning hierarchy which eventually provide the continuity of the rural characters, to maintain agricultural productivity and to protect natural biodiversity.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdHow do uneven agrarian histories and resource sectors intersect to yield new extractive developments in one landscape? How are local livelihoods, social relations and differentiation implicated in cumulative extractivism over time? Contributing to emerging literature on the political ecology of cross-sectoral extractive development, we answer these questions by examining the origins and interactions of overlapping phases of resource extraction and the uneven livelihood implications for different social groups in frontier Southeast Asia. Drawing on a case in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, we show how seemingly separate processes of extractivism––industrial logging, palm oil plantations and coal mining–– overlap and reinforce one another to enhance uneven access to and use of land and forest resources, social differentiation and NGO-enabled resistance in a Dayak Modang community. While older Modang involved in early land clearing dynamics had secured greater landholdings and were bettered positioned to diversify livelihoods, younger Modang and migrants experienced greater livelihood constraints and precarity in the overlapping spaces claimed by palm oil and now coal mining. As land availability declined with the expansion of plantations and mines, locally perceived differences ran along ethnic lines and adat (customary) markers leveraged by NGOs, reinforcing tensions among ‘indigenous’ and ‘migrant’ peoples. We argue that as social differentiation sharpens, ‘collective’ resistance against expanding plantations and mines became becomes increasingly difficult. Our paper suggests that paying attention to how and why historical processes of extractivism and land accumulation work synergistically can provide deeper insights into how social differentiation and livelihood insecurity unfolds in terms of the spatial and temporal character of landscapes.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsExisting studies on the human development approach discuss how eliminating capability deprivation and enlarging people's choice led to improvement on their overall wellbeing. However, land tenure security, the pre-condition to safeguard secure livelihood for poor and low-income urban residents is rarely discussed. This study examines the potential of the human development approach to the land tenure security debate by using a desk review of literature on both concepts. It employs the usage of a land policy instrument, known as the Temporary Occupation License (TOL), which aims to provide urban low-income residents with tenure security despite their lack of formal ownership over the land. In this context, land tenure security is understood from the subjective perspective, rather than from its traditional economic objectives. Findings show that the pursuit of human development through TOL results in an enhanced security of tenure amongst urban low-income residents in two forms. Firstly, protecting them against the threat of eviction through the principle of equity in which TOL provides opportunity for nonlandowners with legal access to state land for housing. Secondly, allowing households to gain the benefits of labour and capital invested in the land. For instance, the principle of efficiency embedded within TOL allows households to utilise land according to their priorities and needs; empowerment allows them to make decisions pertaining to housing and tenure upgrading, whereas sustainability allows citizens and authority to achieve developmental results that benefit both parties. The study concludes that the pursuit of the human development approach in land management, through administrative decisions and conducted in a participatory manner, can indeed enhance land tenure security for urban low-income residents.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThis study aims to examine the relationship between forest preservation and governmental ideology by conducting empirical investigation based on data for 101 countries from 1991 to 2018 and GMM estimation. The estimations support that left-wing government benefits for forest preservation while right-wing one does some harm to forest preservation, this idea is still confirmed while we conduct robustness tests by using two partisan variables and removing extreme values. Furthermore, the higher political power would increase the influence of governmental ideology on forest; Moreover, if the governmental ideology changes to right-wing, the forest would decrease. Meanwhile, results for moderating effect suggest that globalization, air quality and population density would weaken the role of governmental ideology in forest preservation. Additionally, both the length of remaining terms and share in legislatures determine the governmental ideology's impact on forest preservation.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdLivelihood assets have been greatly influenced by the transformation of farmlands in peri-urban areas. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of farmland conversion to access livelihood assets in peri-urban areas of Akaki-Kaliti Sub-city, Central Ethiopia. Required data were collected from survey households, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed to collect information from 329 peri-urban households selected using a snowballing sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the conversion of farmland has negatively affected the overall livelihood assets in the study area. Besides, the effects on financial assets were considerable. However, the effects on physical and human assets were not significant. Natural asset shows a substantial decline followed by social and physical assets. However, financial and human assets show a slight decline. In general, conversions in farmlands have negatively influenced households' access to livelihood assets in the study area. Therefore, intervention is required to reduce the effects of farmland conversion and enhance the livelihoods of land-lost farmers in the peri-urban areas.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsCocoa is an important historical driver and direct cause of forest loss and degradation in the West African Upper Guinean biodiversity hotspot. To inform efforts to prevent further cocoa-driven deforestation in the West African cocoa zone, we mapped areas that are important for biodiversity and ecosystem services (carbon, water, forest products) and potentially most at risk from further cocoa expansion based on climatic suitability, a continuation of past deforestation trends and the potential role of cocoa therein. We found that cocoa expansion and intensification risks further impacting ecologically important areas in West Africa, but that patterns vary in space, may be compounded by climate change and demand context specific responses. In Ghana and C?te d′Ivoire, remaining forests should be better protected, degraded forests should be restored, and agroforestry systems should be supported where possible to maintain or enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services provision in cocoa landscapes. In countries with large areas of remaining forests (e.g., Liberia and Cameroon) that are highly suitable for cocoa and where cocoa is expanding, the approach used in this study can help identify areas with the highest biodiversity and ecosystem services values and inform planning of future cocoa development to maximise cocoa system productivity potential, biodiversity and ecosystem services from the national to local scale. Adaptation strategies are required to avoid the loss but also improve the conservation of biodiversity and provision of ecosystem services across the region.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022This paper aims to assess the factors influencing the economic value of the visitor experience in two urban parks in Attica, Greece. Contingent Valuation is applied to estimate the willingness of visitors to pay an entry ticket under a hypothetical scenario. Our sample consisted of Niarchos Park visitors, which is located at Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center (SNFCC), and of Tritsis Park. The research was conducted between July 2018 and March 2019. Logit regression specifications were used and the results indicated that age, level of education, wage and employment affect people's willingness to pay in order to visit the parks. The motivation to visit these parks in order to experience a natural environment, the expenses for the visit and the previous experience of paying an entry ticket for green spaces were also found to be significant determinants for the participants. Visitors are willing to pay on average 3.56 Euros in order to enter urban parks. The results of the study could be taken into account by policy makers regarding individuals' decisions depending on their profile and experiences.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsThis article discusses the concepts of soft spaces and soft planning in the context of city-regional planning, complementing the discussion with an excursion to “soft law”. The point of departure is the current debate on the legitimacy deficits of the often power-laden processes where “soft” planning spaces are enacted or “performed”, and decisions made concerning planning of these spaces. Through legal theory and the concept of soft law, the article provides first, a new perspective on the performative nature of soft planning, and second, new conceptual tools for addressing legitimacy and effectiveness of soft planning. The article also uses the concepts of soft spaces, soft planning, and soft law for scrutinising the ongoing renewal of the Finnish planning system, where some, but not all aspects of currently largely informal city-regional planning are purported to be formalised or hardened.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdTransitioning to a more optimal land use morphology contributes to the sustainable use of land resources. Land use transition refers to the land use morphology changes from one to another, which should be portrayed from both correlated spatial morphology and functional morphology. However, the current studies have the problem of separating the land use spatial and functional transition, which causes the degree and the mechanism of the correlation between them to be still unclear. Taking Shaanxi Province as a case study, based on the land use data and socio-economic data, this study used the sustainability evaluation model of land use spatial transition, the multifunctional coupling coordination model of land use, and the grey correlation model to quantify the correlation between the land use spatial and functional transition. The results showed that the correlation between land use spatial and functional transition was high in Shaanxi Province during 1980–2018, and the change in correlation had an interdecadal cycle, which was embodied in the correlation reached extremely high when a positive land use functional transition occurred. The correlation between land use spatial transition and the change of land use ecological function was extremely high, and the correlation with both production and living function was high. The high correlation between the land use spatial and functional transition was essentially a strong driving force, bound by the vulnerability of land ecology and strengthened by the rapidly changing demands of production and living. It can drive the land use spatial morphology transition to another that can give full play to the multifunctionality of land use. The study established a quantitative analysis framework for the correlation between land use spatial and functional transition, which provided quantitative evidence for the regional land use transition theory and contributed to formulating rational land use policies to achieve regional sustainable development.
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