查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdChina's ecological redline (ER) policy is one of the spatial planning approaches for ecosystem services to land management practices. Exploring ER can promote the international community's understanding of institutional reform and the scientific cognition needed to move from sustainable development theory to practice. Recently, the main decision-making department of ER has been transitioned from the ecological environment department to the natural resources department to better implement environmental management policies. The early ER based on ecosystem services hotspots cannot meet the rigid requirements of protection and development, adjustments have been made based on land management practices. Nevertheless, it is not known whether this adjustment process has an impact on regional ecosystems. This paper attempts to analyze the impact of ER adjustment in Jiangsu on the regional ecosystem from three aspects: ecological network stability, ecological source connectivity, and ecological function importance. The results show that (1) the habitat components formed by ER have been reduced from 144 before adjustment to 125 after adjustment. Fragmented habitat components are gradually merged through the ER adjustment to form a more stable network structure. (2) The number of adjusted high-value connectivity regions of source ER increases, and ER adjustment reduces the resistance of high-intensity man-made disturbances and improves the connectivity between ERs. (3) The main ecological functions around ER have not changed significantly before and after the adjustment. The reduction of low-value functional agglomeration areas is the main performance characteristics of local ecological function changes. Overall, ER adjustment strategy based on land management practices has not negatively affected regional ecosystems. The results have a scientific reference for natural resource management and ecological environment protection in regions with rapid urbanization and highly land-intensive areas around the world.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdRiverine ecosystems are among the most impacted ecosystems worldwide since they are exposed to multiple stressors. Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes is the main human imprint on those ecosystems whose spatiotemporal habitat destructions pose a threat to biodiversity, ecosystem integrity and ecological processes. The most important statutory instruments for riverine ecosystem protection, conservation and restoration in the European Union are the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Habitats and Birds Directive (HBDs). In this study, we develop a methodological framework to spatially link the ecological integrity of river sub-basins with the protected areas therein, taking into account the influence of land use as expressed in the WFD. We combined a multi-criteria evaluation approach using six of the most frequently applied criteria for conservation evaluation to assess river basin integrity (RBI) index at the sub-basin level, and used as a proxy for functional connectivity categories. In addition, we used the distance of every sub-basin from the surrounding Natura 2000 sites as a measure of structural connectivity. Using ecological network design principles (i.e. Core areas; Corridors; Stepping Stones; Buffer areas; and Restoration areas), we incorporated the two aspects of connectivity into a framework, which links river management at the basin level with the site level assessment as dictated by the HBDs. We implemented this framework in a Mediterranean river basin located in Southern Tuscany, which is part of the Natura 2000 network. Six of the sub-basins (20%) have high functional connectivity, 14 sub-basins (47%) medium and 10 sub-basins (33%) low functional connectivity. Structural connectivity of the study area followed the same tendency as that of functional connectivity, with the majority of the sub-basins having medium connectivity (57%; 17 sub-basins), and 23% (7 sub-basins) and 20% (6 sub-basins) high and low structural connectivity respectively. As a result, six of the sub-basins were characterised as corridor areas while the majority of the sub-basins were identified as buffer areas (57%). Two sub-basins were characterised restoration areas and one as stepping stone (SS). Our approach is one of many plausible ecological networks, which although analytically simple, can be enriched with data on species and stakeholders’ involvement.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsTwo general arguments have triggered the need for tools enabling planners a careful consideration of complicated landscape conditions in planning and design decisions. The first one is the need to implement sustainable development rules, including landscape heritage protection while the urban transformation is taking place. The second one is the lack of comprehensive landscape planning tools responding to the new landscape definition and landscape development rules of the European Landscape Convention (2000). In recent years the hermeneutical approach emerged and provided the framework to construct such tools. The landscape thresholds analysis (LTA) has been built upon this approach and threshold theory, which has a long tradition in spatial planning. A description of the method is presented based on the example of West Wilanów (Warsaw, Poland). Within this area, the Wilanów Town housing estate has been located on the grounds of the former royal residence with still existing palace surrounded by a park. The application of the LTA method allowed “translation” of the results of the landscape interpretation into spatial categories (here: natural, cultural, and sensual-cognitive thresholds) and an indication of the areas with different restrictions. The presented LTA method, embedded in a theoretical hermeneutical framework, provides a common denominator in the concept of landscape thresholds dealing with all three layers of the landscape. Focused on the identity of landscape recognition and interpretation of the results by landscape thresholds LTA method constitutes a comprehensive toolbox for landscape and spatial planning purposes
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe study aims to determine the factors affecting the lives of households whose agricultural land has been acquired and to propose solutions to stabilize the lives of households. Primary data is collected in 2 steps. Step 1 surveys 390 households whose land has been acquired to determine the factors that might affect the lives of households. Step 2 surveys 105 households on the impact level of each hypothetical factor on their lives. Data are synthesized, processed, and analyzed by using SPSS20.0 software. The study has pointed out 5 groups with 21 factors affecting the lives of households. The group of household factors has the greatest impact (impact rate of 29.79 %), followed by groups of policy and legal factors; urbanization; Infrastructure; social infrastructure with the corresponding impact rates of 24.38 %; 17.87 %; 15.01 %; 12.95 %. The recommendations include completing regulations on compensation and support; forecasting the rate of urbanization, the ratio of urbanization; determining the agricultural land area to be acquired and the number of affected households; capital solutions implementing projects; solutions to problems related to lives.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022This paper investigates the effect of peasant households’ financial literacy on their land transfer, using representative survey data conducted in less-developed rural regions of China (N = 1302). The empirical results show that: (1) Financial literacy significantly influences land transfer. (2) Financing condition and risk tolerance work as mediators in this relationship. (3) Land transfer decisions of households characterized as high agricultural dependence, low income, large size of arable land ownership, and female, elder, and high education decision-makers are more sensitive to financial literacy. (4) Financial literacy has a greater impact on land inflow than outflow; advanced literacy is more beneficial for land transfer than basic literacy; and consistency in subjective and objective literacy moderates the relationship between financial literacy and land transfer. Our findings could provide some implications for stimulating the development of rural land transfer markets.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Decision-makers need tailored information regarding future climate, land use, forest management and societal scenarios for sustainable watershed management. Such information can be attained by integrating the water-energy-land nexus approach with climate services. To support decision-makers from Bra?ov metropolitan area (Romania), we co-developed land use, forest management and societal scenarios and analysed their impact on the water-energy-land nexus under climate change. We applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to the S?cele reservoir from the T?rlung river basin in order to spot the interrelations between nexus components under different climate and societal scenarios. In particular, we applied four bias-corrected GCM & RCM model combinations for two climate scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, nine land use and forest management scenarios, and twelve societal scenarios. Modelling results were analysed between 2020 and 2099. The results for the study area indicate that the projected average annual precipitation is close to historical averages in most climate scenarios explored, while the projected average annual temperature is increasing. Furthermore, the analysed data suggest an increase in severe dry intervals from approximately 6% (for the period 1961–2013) to 12% by the end of the 21st century, indicating that precipitation variability may change considerably. The SWAT model results show no significant changes in the water flow under different forest management scenarios. In contrast, model results for scenarios that imply forests' clearcutting and their replacement with pastures or meadows indicate that water quality is affected by increased sediment flow. Regarding the number of months with water scarcity in the S?cele reservoir (i.e. water demand exceeds water supply), we found an increase from 0.4 months in 2020 to 1.5 months in 2099. The model results also revealed that climate change significantly influences the water supply in the reservoir. To conclude, the regional stakeholders highly value the model results for the co-developed scenarios, which have been already used to promote sustainable resource management.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdUrbanization has led to the expansive conversion of farmland to non-agricultural human settlements. Over the past decades, the rural New Territories in Hong Kong have experienced significant land use changes where agricultural land has become sites for industrial operations (known as brownfields in Hong Kong). This includes open storage for industrial recyclables and warehouses for repairs, many being unauthorized development. The existence of these industrial activities initially driven by socio-economic factors has persisted, largely due to absent or loose land use regulations. The Hong Kong government thus has successively incorporated increasingly more rural areas into the city's zoning ordinance system, but seemingly has generated marginal impact on reducing non-conforming land uses. How has rural land use transformed in response to planning controls like zoning? How have the spatial patterns of different types of brownfields changed over periods with varying land use regulation focuses? Focusing on rural areas in Hong Kong, this study aimed to examine the temporal and spatial patterns of different operational types of brownfields based on refined land use classification results generated by a support vector machines tool with remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020. Furthermore, this study analyzed the impact of zoning regulations on land use activities in terms of the transition flow, spatial concentration level, morphological characteristics, and transition probability of various land use types. The results show that, despite regulatory control over rural land and strengthened enforcement measures, brownfields continue to grow in a decentralized and fragmented fashion. Our findings suggest that exercising police power through zoning has its limitations on curbing unauthorized development; additionally, the Hong Kong government may supplement enforcement measures with alternative planning tools such as land swaps and incentive zoning.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The ongoing pandemic has led to substantial volatility in residential housing markets. However, relatively little is known about whether the volatility is dominated by housing demand or supply, and how different priced markets contribute to the volatility. This article first examines the temporal effect of COVID-19 on house prices, housing demand, and supply in Los Angeles, and second explores the effect heterogeneity in luxury and low-end housing markets within the city. For identification, the article employs a revised difference-in-differences (DID) method that controls more rigorously for unobservables and improves on the traditional DID with smaller prior trends. Using individual level data, the result first shows that, in response to the outbreak, house prices, demand, and supply all decreased in March to May 2020 and increased in July and August 2020, with demand dominating the process. Second, the heterogeneity exploration identifies diverging COVID-19 impacts in higher- and lower- priced markets. Particularly, the decline in overall price and demand before June originates mainly from the lower-priced market while the higher-priced one experienced limited changes in demand. After July, higher-priced markets led housing market's surge in price, demand, and supply, whereas the lower-priced market has not fully recovered from decreases in house prices and housing demand. Finally, a larger price decline in lower-priced markets is found to be associated with higher service shares and lower homeownership rates. The results not only facilitate market participants in their decision making but also aid local governments in formulating policies and allocating subsidies to mitigate the effects of the outbreak.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe land rush has remained, and is likely to remain, a significant global phenomenon despite waning international media attention. The scope of the phenomenon is likely to be wider than previously thought. Quantifying the extent of land deals in order to study the social phenomenon spotlights the relevance of two distinct but dialectically linked ‘scopes’, namely, the scope of land deals in terms of the precise geographic physical land area of Operational land deals, and the scope of land deals in terms of the larger extent of lands implicated in land deal-making, of which only a part ends up as operational land deals. The latter category is necessarily bigger than the former, and its logic results in the production of Non-operational land deals. Studies have been overwhelmingly about Operational land deals, inadvertently downplaying the relevance of Non-operational land deals. The challenge is to study both Operational and Non-operational land deals because they are co-constitutive.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe land transfer is an important policy tool for development zones (DZs) to guide the allocation of industrial resources. The immovability of land and its high reallocation cost make the efficiency loss caused by any land resource mismatch more challenging to remedy. Therefore, exploring the effects of the establishment of DZs on the land transfer policies of local governments and subsequent resource allocation can contribute to the rational control of land transfer policies. Accordingly, this study used propensity score matching, difference-in-differences estimation, and the instrumental variable method to quantify the associations among the establishment of DZs, land transfer, and resource allocation efficiency in China. The results show that the establishment of DZs promotes local governments to expand the area of transferred industrial land and increases the ratio of listing transfers, which reduces the marketization degree of land transfers. Furthermore, the establishment of DZs weakens the selection effect of land transfers, which distorts resource allocation and hinders the resource allocation efficiency of the manufacturing industry. The results suggest that it is necessary to switch from the traditional “extensive” land development strategy to the economical and intensive use of DZ land. The marketization of land transfer in the DZs should be increased and land should be allocated to firms with higher marginal output.
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