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Land Degradation and Development
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Land Degradation and Development

John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

1085-3278

Land Degradation and Development/Journal Land Degradation and DevelopmentEI
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    5页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Land‐use change impacts on soil and vegetation attributes in the Kanshi River basin, Potohar Plateau, Pakistan

    Sohail AbbasGhulam DastgeerMuhammad YaseenYasir Latif...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Soil erosion and land degradation have intensified recently, resulting from large‐scale land‐use and land cover (LULC) change, deforestation and farm mechanization. This phenomenon motivates the rationale for the assessment of such land‐use changes and their impacts on soil and vegetation in the Kanshi River basin using various remote sensing techniques between 1987–2019. The image classification enabled the identification of dry and highland zones. It was observed that around 17% of natural vegetation cover disappeared and was converted into agricultural land. Significant increase in extensive agricultural practices, population growth, settlement, and the brick industry have increased soil erosion and changed the landscape of the Kanshi region during 1987–2019. Further, we classify gully erosion, rill erosion, sprinkle erosion, and sheet erosion have all been found at rates of 43%, 27%, 9%, and 21%, respectively. Similarly, soil classes in 2019 were doubled, with Sambrial association (1%), Rajar complex (36%), Dhulian association (15%), Gullied (15%), Missa complex, Rough mountainous (2%) and Rough broken (17%), compared to four classes in 1987: Gullied, Missa complex, rough broken land, and Torrent bed land. Whereas in 1987, four types of soils were observed. The recorded soil series had a limited water holding capacity and were well drained. Soil erosion is a natural and inevitable phenomenon; however, its intensity can be reduced by appropriate water resource management in this basin.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Evaluation of the impact of the Gully Land Consolidation Project on runoff under extreme rainfall

    Shaobo LongJianen GaoHui ShaoYoucai Kang...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Extreme rainfall is an important driver of soil erosion and land damage. The Gully Land Consolidation program (GLCP) was first launched in 2011 as a major land reclamation practice to increase farmland in the Loess Plateau of China. Studying the impact of artificial projects on hydrology can help humans to respond to the various water issues, but the assessment of the effects of the GLCP on extreme rainfall‐induced water runoff at watershed scale is currently lacking. Our study used the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) to evaluate the influence of the GLCP at different locations and areas on water runoff under extreme rainfall events in the Yanhe watershed. Results showed that: (1) the GLCP can improve the interception of surface runoff, with interception efficiency in downstream of the watershed approximately twice that at midstream and entire watershed as well as seven‐times that at the upstream; (2) when GLCP measures are evenly distributed in a watershed, as the area of GLCP increases from 76.40?km2 (1% of watershed area) to 382.01?km2 (5%), the interception of surface runoff increases by 0.77?mm; (3) and the GLCP can increase soil infiltration and groundwater recharge. This research is expected to provide insights into the optimized layout of the GLCP at watershed scale. Correspondingly, policymakers can refer to this information in developing policies on the sustainable use of land.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Post‐farmland conversion spatio‐temporal dynamics of net soil nitrogen mineralization and availability in a chronosequence of Zanthoxylum bungeanum plantations

    Tahseen SabaChen LvJingyan WangWenkai Hui...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Afforestation on cultivated farmlands causes major shifts in the nitrogen (N) cycle. The consequences of large‐scale Zanthoxylum bungeanum afforestation on spatio‐temporal patterns of soil N mineralization and inorganic N (ION) availability have not been reported. Moreover, the regulatory roles of microbial biomass and soluble organic N (MBN and SON) in the N cycle are poorly characterized in soils below 20?cm. To investigate the long‐term effects of afforestation on the governing mechanism of vertical N dynamics, a 0–100?cm soil profile was collected from a chronosequence of Z. bungeanum plantations aged 8‐year (H8), 15‐year (H15), 20‐year (H20) and 28‐year (H28), as well as adjacent farmland and abandoned‐land (28‐year) as controls in an arid valley in Southwest China. With increasing stand age, conversion of farmland to Z. bungeanum plantations significantly improved soil organic carbon, available nutrients, and all N forms. These impacts were more evident in the topsoil (0–20?cm) than in the subsoil layers. MBN and SON contents improved by 1.42‐fold and 1.34‐fold in H28, respectively, compared to H8. Net N mineralization (1.31‐fold), net nitrification rates (1.30‐fold), and total ION (1.31‐fold) content followed similar trends of increase along with the stand age. Correlation and redundancy analysis also established a positive relationship and demonstrated that increased ION availability is due to improved MBN, SON, and urease activity with the plantations age. Although the nitrate‐N content was highest in abandoned‐land, its content also increased steadily in Z. bungeanum plantations with the stand age. A relatively low ammonium/nitrate ratio (0.331) in H28 advocated improved N supply via nitrification as well as low N leaching risks from plantations. The spatial investigation provided novel insights into controls of N cycle and suggested converting farmland to Z. bungeanum plantations is a suitable approach for restoring soil N.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Effects of planting quinoa on soil properties and microbiome in saline soil

    Huiying HuTianyuan ShaoXiumei GaoXiaohua Long...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Quinoa is widely cultivated for its nutritional value and its high tolerance to environmental problems. Our study was conducted at two planting densities (LD, 10 plants/m2; HD, 65 plants/m2) on ameliorated coastal mudflats in Jiangsu Province, China. The microbial composition in soil was determined by high‐throughput sequencing technology, and root metabolites were determined by a liquid chromatograph‐mass spectrometer (LC–MS). The results showed soil salinity and organic matter were higher at the HD than LD treatment and compared with the non‐rhizosphere (bulk) soil, the salinity of the rhizosphere soil was higher. Quinoa grown at HD was taller, with thicker stalks and lower yields per plant, but higher yield per unit area. Amplicon sequencing showed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Acidobacteria accounted for the absolute majority. Regarding the rhizosphere soil, the Shannon index was higher in the HD than LD, and Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were more abundant in the HD treatment. Fifty‐one differential metabolites were identified by metabolomic assays, belonging to 14 annotated metabolic pathways. S‐adenosylmethionine was the most abundant and up‐regulated metabolite (fold change >1.67), and was more abundant in the roots from the LD than in HD treatment. Docosahexaenoic acid was more abundant in the HD than LD treatment, and was a down‐regulated metabolite. In conclusion, planting density was an important factor affecting quinoa yield; compared with unplanted soil, planting quinoa at low density increased the content of the important metabolite S‐adenosylmethionine in the root system of quinoa, and high‐density cultivation of quinoa increased soil salinity and microbial abundance and diversity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Degradation‐induced microbiome alterations may aggravate soil nutrient loss in subalpine meadows

    Zhengming LuoJinxian LiuLei HeJingqi Du...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Grassland degradation has become a serious environmental problem worldwide. However, the link between grassland degradation and soil functional microorganisms remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of subalpine meadow degradation on the taxonomic and functional communities of the soil microbiome on Mount Wutai on the eastern margin of the Loess Plateau, China, using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that vegetation degradation decreased most soil nutrients (e.g., soil organic carbon [SOC, ?48.9%], total nitrogen [TN, ?15.2%] and carbon [TC, ?38.3%]), leading to significant changes in the taxonomic (r?=?0.892, p?<?0.001) and functional compositions (r?=?0.972, p?<?0.001) of the microbial communities (explaining 66.6% and 64.5% of the variance, respectively). The structural equation model (SEM) showed that variations in the soil nutrient status and plant parameters caused by degradation resulted in changes in the microbial community structure and function. The variations in the plant and microbial communities during degradation altered carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling separately or interactively. Among the C degradation‐related genes, the relative abundances of cellulose degradation, sugar utilization and chitin degradation genes in moderately degraded (MD) and heavily degraded (HD) meadows were significantly higher than those in nondegraded (ND) meadows (p?<?0.05). The abundance of denitrification genes (nirK, nirS, norB and norC) and nitrification genes (pmoA/amoA, pmoB/amoB, pmoC/amoC and hao) was higher in all degraded meadows, which increased the risk of soil N loss. Our findings revealed the negative feedback of microbes due to subalpine meadow degradation, during which metabolically active microbes tended to accelerate soil nutrient loss.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Changes in soil organic carbon stocks from 1980‐1990 and 2010‐2020 in the northwest arid zone of China

    ZiPeng ZhangJianLi DingChuanMei ZhuHaobo Shi...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Soil is the largest carbon reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems, and thus minor changes in it can dramatically affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations. In the northwestern arid zone of China, the prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) changes is often limited by the scarcity of soil samples and the scale and depth of research, which limit the understanding of carbon cycling processes in arid zone terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, this study produced digital soil maps of SOC stocks (SOCS) for two periods (1980‐1990 and 2010‐2020) at a 90‐m resolution based on historical soil profile data and a random forest model. The results showed that the prediction accuracy for SOCS in the topsoil (0–30?cm) was superior to that of the subsoil (30–100?cm). Among them, the mean annual evapotranspiration, normalized difference vegetation index during the growing season, multi‐year mean temperature, and clay content were the main environmental factors affecting the spatial distribution of SOCS. In the past 30?years, the SOCS of the northwestern arid zone has decreased by 585.50 Tg, with a mean decline of 19.52 Tg C yr?1. The changes in SOCS caused by land‐use conversion and reductions in SOCS were further shown to be attributable to grassland desertification and agricultural reclamation. These findings are valuable for exploring the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems in the context of global climate change and for achieving China's goal of carbon neutrality.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Monitoring potential spontaneous combustion in a coal waste dump after reclamation through unmanned aerial vehicle RGB imagery based on alfalfa aboveground biomass

    He RenYanling ZhaoWu XiaoXi Yang...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Spontaneous combustion of coal waste dumps is one of the main problems in mining areas. This risk still exists even after land reclamation and ecological restoration. Once spontaneous combustion of a coal waste dump occurs after reclamation, it will lead to repeated land degradation and vegetation damage again. Focusing on this issue, a monitoring method using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) RGB imagery based on alfalfa aboveground biomass (AGB) is proposed in this study. Two areas of a coal waste dump that suffered spontaneous combustion of coal waste after reclamation in Shanxi Province, China, were selected as the study area. Combined with the vegetation index and texture metrics extracted from UAV RGB imagery, the AGB was estimated using stepwise linear regression models. Finally, the intensity of spontaneous combustion was classified based on alfalfa AGB. In this study, our results show that: (i) the AGB estimation accuracy can be improved by combining the spectral and texture features [R2?=?0.86, root mean square error (RMSE)?=?0.09?kg /m‐2, and mean absolute error (MAE)?=?0.08?kg m‐2]; (ii) alfalfa AGB had a good ability to explain the underground thermal anomalies based on the deep soil temperature; (iii) Compared with the land surface temperature, alfalfa AGB was more suitable for monitoring the potential spontaneous combustion areas, especially in the initial stage, where spontaneous combustion has occurred but does not have a significant impact on the land surface. This study was intended to provide an improved method for detecting the spontaneous combustion monitoring of coal waste dumps, which may provide a reference for initial monitoring and prevention in mining areas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Exploring long‐term datasets of land use, economy, and demography variations in karst wetland areas to detect possible microclimate changes

    Funing LanYi ZhaoZhongcheng JiangYang Yu...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract This study explores the possibility of deciphering changes in the total area of a karst wetland due to shifts inland use, economy and population over a long‐term period (35?years) and microclimate changes (1958–2019). To achieve this goal, we focused on Huangcaozhou Karst Wetland, a national karst wetland park located in China. Based on remote sensing interpretation, long‐term climate data, and statistical yearbook datasets, our results showed that from 1984 to 2019, owing to the rapid rates of urbanization and economic development, swamplands in our study area decreased by 16.4%, while urban lands increased up to 16.7%. The inflection point on the land use and land cover (LUCC) curve we constructed appeared in 2006, after which the areas of swampland, rocky desertification land, and wasteland sharply decreased and those of urban land and farmland increased. This is consistent with the increase in gross domestic production (GDP) and the totalnumber of inhabitants. From 1958, when Luxi registered an annual average temperature of 14.8°C, to 2019, the air temperature increased with a gradient of 0.157°C per decade, until it reached an average of 15.3°C. We did not find a clear trend for the number of annual rainy days (average of 140.6 rainy days per year) but the mean torrentiality (average annual volume divided by the annual number of rainy days) shows a slight trend of increase (0.72?mm per day per decade). Precipitation we found has gradually declined. We concluded that economic and demographic changes are interacting with microclimate changes, which are affected by the regional eco‐environment over a long‐time scale in the Huangcaozhou Karst Wetland, causing the wetland quality significantly varied in recent decades. This would help to develop more efficient land management plans to better correctly handle new human activities allowing policymakers to regulate the wetland ecosystem in Southwestern China.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Communal land conservation in northern Ethiopia: The relationship between urban area access and individual and social norms

    Shunji OnikiMelaku BerheTeklay NegashHaftu Etsay...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract SubSaharan Africa has experienced rapid market economy development in urban areas and in terms of road network systems connecting urban and rural areas. As the access to urban areas improves, the influence of economic development may alter local norms regarding the conservation of communal lands in rural areas. This study investigates how access from rural to urban areas affects individual and social norms regarding communal land conservation. We used interview data from 110 village leaders and 660 farmers' community group leaders in northern Ethiopia. Individual moral norms were estimated based on the respondents' willingness to participate in communal tree planting on communal lands as a means of halting and reversing land degradation. Social norms were estimated based on the proportion of exclosure in communal areas and the number of days a community member works without pay for communal land conservation. The relationships between the norms and urban access were investigated using probit and tobit regression models. The results reveal that access to urban areas positively affects the establishment of individual and social norms, suggesting that access to urban areas contributes to communal land conservation by facilitating intervention in rural areas, thus improving norms for natural resource management.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley