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Botany

Micromedia

1916-2790

Botany/Journal BotanyAHCIISTPSCI
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    Plant exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides and how this might alter plant physiological and structural processes

    de Freitas-Silva, LarisseAraujo, Hugo HumbertoMeireles, Camila Santosda Silva, Luzimar Campos...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Chemical weed control is essential to ensure high levels of productivity in agricultural areas, and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely used herbicides on a global scale. Glyphosate-based her-bicides inhibit the 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme, which impairs the shikimate pathway and often leads to plant death. However, indirect effects of GBHs on plant physiology can also lead to plant death. The objectives of this review are to discuss the biochemical, physiological, and structural changes that GBH application produces in plant species, in addition to inhibiting EPSPS (EC 2.5.1.19), and to reveal how these changes contribute to plant death. We conclude that GBHs promote plant death not only through EPSPS inhibition but also through biochemical, physiological, and structural changes. Some changes are recurrent and can be used as biomarkers of GBH sensitivity, which can contribute to future works that monitor the presence of these herbicides in plant communities near agricultural areas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Canadian Science Publishing

    Leaf structural traits of two Restinga plant species with different resistance patterns to iron toxicity

    Santana, Brenda Vila NovaSiqueira-Silva, Advanio Inaciode Araujo, Talita Oliveirada Silva, Luzimar Campos...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Iron mining activities are a source of particulate iron, which contaminates soil and plants of Restinga biome (Brazil). To investigate the possible effects of iron toxicity on Ipomoea pes-caprae (L) R. Br. and Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. leaves, plants were submitted to different exposure times (12, 36,108, and 228 hours) and iron concentrations (0.5 or 150 mg.L-1 Fe2+ as FeSO4 center dot 7H(2)O). After 108 hours of iron excess treatment, C. rosea leaves were chlorotic, whereas I. pes-caprae leaves presented venal chlorosis and bronzing after 228 hours of iron excess treatment. The anatomical alterations in I. pes-caprae were more intense and appeared after 36 hours, which was earlier than in C. rosea. The leaf epidermal cells of I. pes-caprae presented alterations in organization, size, and shape, and for both species the epicuticular wax was altered and wax rupture occurred dose to the stomata. The positive staining for the presence of iron in leaf tissues matches with damaged areas in I. pes-caprae leaves, indicating direct iron toxicity. Ipomoea pes-caprae presented the most severe symptoms, whereas C. rosea presented the most resistance. The results suggest that, over time, the emission of particulate matter may negatively impact the ecological succession and biodiversity of Restinga.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Canadian Science Publishing

    An assessment of data accuracy and best practice recommendations for observations of lichens and other taxonomically difficult taxa on iNaturalist

    McMullin, R. TroyAllen, Jessica L.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：We assess the identification accuracy of 'research grade' observations of lichens posted on the online platform iNaturalist. Our results show that these observations are frequently misidentified or lack the necessary chemical and (or) microscopic information for accurate identification. Lichens are a taxonomically difficult group, but they are ubiquitous and eye-catching and are regularly the subject of observations posted on iNaturalist. Therefore, we provide best practice recommendations for posting lichen observations and commenting on observations. Data from iNaturalist are a valuable tool for understanding and managing biodiversity, particularly at this crucial time when large scale biodiversity decline is occurring globally. However, the data must be accurate for them to effectively support biodiversity conservation efforts. Our recommendations are also applicable to other taxonomically difficult taxa.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Canadian Science Publishing

    Morphological variations of Thymus in the vegetation belts of the Tien Shan mountains (Central Asia )

    Talovskaya, EvgeniyaCheryomushkina, Vera
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study demonstrated the correlation between Thymus life-forms and conditions in the Tien Shan mountains, in which different vegetation belts can be located at different altitudes depending on a particular ridge. We selected four species of Thymus that are widespread in Tien Shan mountains (Thymus diminutus Klokov, Thym us dmitrievae Gamajun, Thymus karatavicus Dmitrieva, and Thymus serayschanicus Klokov). Eco-morphological and phytocenotic approaches were used to study the life-forms and biomorphs within the genus Thymus in this region. The module structure and sympodial axis were analyzed according to the slope steepness and stone and (or) herbaceous covering. Acrotonic and basitonic module branching types are characteristics of dwarf shrub and dwarf subshrub life-forms, respectively. The dwarf shrub develops in open spaces in the steppe and forest, and the dwarf subshrub develops in different vegetation belts from steppe to alpine. Thymus dwarf shrub and dwarf subshrub life-forms were characterized by an implicitly polycentric biomorph type (mature plant comprising several closely located growth centers). Thymus species in the Tien Shan mountains exhibited morphological variability. We propose that the branching of Thymus plants can be used as an indicator of a specific vegetation belt in the Tien Shan mountains, and can be used to predict the behavior of other species with similar morphology.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Canadian Science Publishing

    Secretory structure diversity on Astronium leaf

    Boian Carneiro, Tainah EduardaMartins, Aline Redondo
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Astronium fraxinifolium Schott and Astronium graveolens Jacq. are included in the Anacardiaceae. The secretory structures of Anacardiaceae have been studied several times; however, there is a lack of knowledge related to these structures in Astronium, and there are inconsistencies in the taxonomy of the groups. The present study aimed to describe the internal and external secretory structures of A. fraxinifolium and A. graveolens to refine the genus' taxonomy and highlight the uniqueness of their differentiation. Plant samples were fixed, dehydrated, and prepared for analysis by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy using standard anatomical techniques. Non-glandular trichomes are present over the entire surface of the blade of the mature leaves of A. fraxinifolium. In contrast, in A. graveolens, non-glandular trichomes are concentrated only on the midrib region of the leaflets. The glandular trichomes, absent in the mature leaves of A. fraxinifolium, are present in the mature leaves of A. graveolens around the midrib. Astronium fraxinifolium ducts have a schizolysigenous origin, and A. graveolens have a lysigenous origin. Therefore, it was concluded that, in general, secretory structures represent a crucial taxonomic factor distinguishing these species. non-glandular trichomes, secretory ducts. Resume : Astronium fraxinifolium Schott et Astronium graveolens Jacq. ont ete inclus chez les Anacardiaceae. Les structures secretoires des Anacardiaceae ont ete etudiees a plusieurs reprises. Cependant, les connaissances groupes. La presente etude visait a decrire les structures secretoires internes et externes d'A. fraxinifolium et ciation. Les echantillons de plantes ont ete fixes, deshydrates et prepares pour etre analyses par microscopie dulaires sont presents sur toute la surface du limbe des feuilles matures d'A. fraxinifolium. En revanche, chez dulaires, absents des feuilles matures d'A. fraxinifolium, sont presents dans les feuilles matures d'A. graveolens autour de la nervure centrale. Les conduits d'A. fraxinifolium ont une origine schizolysigene, et ceux d'A. graveolens, une origine lysigene. Par consequent, il a ete conclu que, en general, les structures secretoires representent un facteur taxonomique crucial pour distinguer ces especes. [Traduit par la Redaction]
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Canadian Science Publishing