查看更多>>摘要：In Himalayan region, fodder scarcity during lean periods has often been associated with serious economic loses to small hold farmers. Considering this, it has become pertinent to put adequate efforts for investigating alternative feed resources with superior traits over conventional forages. Forage trees, as an alternative or supplementary feed to conventional grasses, are effective sources to overcome scarcity of fodder in some regions. Tree foliages have appreciable amounts of nutrients which keep intestinal micro flora active for digesting cellulosic biomasses. The presence of anti-nutrients in tree foliage reduces the nutrient utilization in animals and results in discontinuation of various metabolic processes in body. The level of different anti-nutrients in tree foliage changes with the seasonal variations. Hence, a better understanding of seasonal variations and anti-nutrients level would help the farmer to predict optimum lopping time to harvest fodder trees with minimal amount of anti-nutrients. The purpose of reviewing the obnoxious effects of anti-nutrients in this article is to keep farmer aware rather than discourage the use of tree foliage for ruminant feeding. Different processing techniques have been developed to alleviate the ill effects of anti-nutrients in animals. Beside utilization of fodder trees as an excellent feed source, they do have significant values for sustainability of different agroforestry systems. This review emphasize the need of awareness, integration, cultivation and intensification of fodder trees in local farming systems through agroforestry for improving livestock productivity and sustenance of rural livelihoods in Himalayan region.
查看更多>>摘要：To study the status and health of pastures in Derik district of Mardin province in south east Anatolia region, seven natural pastures were surveyed by modified wheel point with loop. Total of 45 plant species were recorded in studied pastures. The study was carried out during May and June 2015. Plant species were divided into three different groups: decreasers, increasers and invaders according to the palatability of the plant species for the grazing animals. Average vegetation cover ratio was found as 70.0%. Plant cover percentages of grasses, legumes and other family plants in the total plant cover were 21.53%, 29.19% and 49.28%, respectively. Invasive species were found dominant in these studied pastures. Thus pastures of Mardin province were highly degraded, and sustainable management and rehabilitation techniques need to be urgently applied to stop this on-going continuous degradation.
Husain, MohitGeelani, S. N.Mughal, A. H.Wani, Akhlaq A....
8页
查看更多>>摘要：Floristic composition of high-altitude alpine grassland, located in Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir, was investigated under three different seasons. The grassland comprised of two sites- protected and grazed site with diverse habitat types and seasonal effect. The disturbance was severed on the protected site, while at grazed site, grazing was main disturbance factor. A total of 64 species belonging to 23 families and 56 genera were recorded in Gulmarg grassland. The dominant families were Poaceae (14 spp.), Asteraceae (6 spp.), Lamiaceae (6 spp.), Fabaceae (5 spp.), Polygonaceae (5 spp.), Caryophyllaceae (4 spp.), Plantaginaceae (4 spp.), Rosaceae (4 spp.) and Apiaceae (2 spp.). The number of species were found higher (42) in the protected site, while it was lower (21) in grazed site. In terms of life form spectrum, the vegetation was characterized by high proportion of hemicryptophytes indicating a heavy biotic interference in the form of overgrazing. The maximum similarity index value (74%) was found in the autumn seasons. Although the species richness was found highest in protected site and occurrence of some rare and useful herbaceous species in this site demands a long term conservation plan, if their survival was to be continued in this grassland.
查看更多>>摘要：This study was aimed to investigate the ability of landscape function analysis (LFA) procedure in distinguishing the functional differences between grazed and ungrazed rangelands. Ten transects were laid out in each rangeland. Different patch types were identified and their dimensions were measured to calculate landscape organization index. Soil surface indicators were also quantified within patches and inter-patches. LFA indices were extracted including: surface stability, infiltration, and nutrient cycling. There were significant differences between grazed and ungrazed areas and also between all grazing intensities. The difference between the infiltration of ungrazed and moderately grazed areas was not significant, but the difference was significant between severely grazed and moderately grazed areas. The results reflected the performance of the LFA procedures in evaluating and monitoring the status of rangelands.
Esfanjani, J.Ghorbani, A.Moameri, M.ZareChahouki, M. A....
5页
查看更多>>摘要：This study was aimed to model Prangos pabularia in the rangeland of southern Ardabil province, Iran using logistic regression (LR) and the Maximum Entropy Method (MaxEnt). The data for this study were soil factors, topographic factors and climatic factors. The slope and elevation maps (1: 25000 scale) were obtained from the DEM (digital elevation model) map. Six sites with the distribution of P. pabularia (presence and absence) were identified. Three 100 m transects were established. On each transect, ten plots (4 m(2)) were located and the total canopy cover and density of plants were recorded. Overall, 180 plots were sampled in six sites. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-30 cm on each transects at the beginning and end of each transect. The LR model showed that rainfall/precipitation was the most effective factor on the habitat distribution of P pabularia. The accuracy of the LR method for the prediction map was good (Kappa index = 0.51). The MaxEnt method indicated that variables such as elevation, rainfall, phosphorus (P) were the most effective factors on the distribution of the habitat of P pabularia. The appraisal of the software performance and the accuracy of the model prediction were at an excellent level (area under the curve =0.94). The accuracy of the MaxEnt method was low (Kappa index = 0.15). Thus, the accuracy of the LR method was more reliable than that of MaxEnt method.
查看更多>>摘要：Jatropha curcas, Aloe vera and some forest plants were planted in an experimental plot in the Kalaat Landelous region (Tunisia) to evaluate the change of morphological properties, yield and adaptation to the new environmental conditions. The salinity of the soil exceeded 16 dS m(-1) due to a shallow and saline water table. J. curcas and A. vera could not be recommended as alternative plants, at least under the local conditions in Kalaat Landelous. The short-term treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation generated no harmful effect on forest plants. The most promising species were Atriplex nummularia, Casuarina glauca, Acacia cyanophylla and Eucalyptus gomphocephala, which showed some resistance to the difficult conditions in the plot.
Sharma, AnkitaSood, V. K.Rana, ManeetChaudhary, H. K....
12页
查看更多>>摘要：Considering the potential forage value of tall fescue grass in Indian Himalayan region, the present research was aimed to study the genetic diversity of 36 tall fescue genotypes using morphological and molecular markers. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes. PCA divided the tall fescue genotypes into three distinct groups, explained 76.43% of the total variation. Remarkably both RAPD and SSR revealed high polymorphism, while it was higher for EST-SSR (89.78%) than RAPD (85.13%). Polymorphism information content (PIC) for RAPDs ranged from 0.37 (OPE 20) to 0.50 (OPB 6 and OPD 14); while for EST-SSRs, PIC values ranged from 0.32 (NFA113) to 0.50 (NFA001, NFA036, NFA045). In neighbour-joining tree using RAPD and SSR, 4 and 5 clusters were clearly distinct, indicating the genetic differentiation among the tall fescue genotypes. Use of morphological and molecular markers for the characterization of Himalayan tall fescue grass revealed that these markers may be used for the identification and classification of 36 diverse genotypes and may also be considered for their wider application as it will avoid repetition of genetically similar genotypes in hybridisation breeding programme.
Malaviya, D. R.Roy, A. K.Anand, A.Choubey, R. N....
9页
查看更多>>摘要：Twenty-eight diverse genotypes of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) were screened against different salinity levels to select the tolerant genotypes. In general, a low or moderate level of salinity was found to have a stimulating effect on germination in most of the genotypes. More than 50% of genotypes showed higher germination per cent at EC 12 and 16 as compared to control. For seedling vigour measured in terms of radical and plumule length, the genotypes identified as tolerant included IG 01-169, IG 01-189, IG 97-48, IG 01-173 and IG 01-94 for radicle growth and IG 01-97, IG 01-196 and IG 01-119 for plumule growth. Analysis by susceptibility index revealed that most of the genotypes were tolerant to moderate level of salinity. Genotypes IG 97-48, IG 01-94, IG 01-173 and IG 01-97 were most tolerant. Eight genotypes viz. IG 01-125, IG 01-108, IG 01-188, IG 01-229, IG 01-104, IG 01-113, IG 01-165 and IG 01-216 possessing positive SSI values, were considered as most susceptible. Rest of genotypes possessed moderate tolerance to salinity condition. Field tolerance study revealed the genotypes such as IG 01-162, IG 01-189, IG 01-101, IG 01-183, IG 97-6 and IG 97-4 to possess tolerance to 9.5 pH. The study will help in identifying suitable genotypes for salinity prone areas in the country.
Dinakar, R. BalaSridhar, K.Kulkarni, N. S.Kumar, Vinod...
7页
查看更多>>摘要：A study was conducted to estimate the level of heterosis for green fodder yield, seed yield and its contributing traits for dual purpose in cowpea. Five lines and three testers were crossed in a line x tester mating design. A total of fifteen F-1 hybrids along with eight parents were evaluated for plant height (cm), leaf to stem ratio, days to fifty per cent flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant (g), green fodder yield per plant (g), dry matter content (%), and crude protein content (%). Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in the mean sum of squares among the parents for all the characters except days to maturity indicating that there was sufficient variability among genotypes. The crosses UPC-622 x PL-3, MFC-09-12 x PGCP-12, showed significant negative heterosis for days to fifty per cent flowering, for seed yield per plant MFC-09-12 x PL-3 and EC-4216 x PL-1 crosses showed significant standard heterosis. The crosses MFC-08-14 x PL-3 and MFC-09-12 x PGCP-12 showed significant standard heterosis for green fodder yield per plant whereas for crude protein content MFC-09-12 x PL-3 and UPC-622 x PL-3 crosses showed significant standard heterosis. Among the cross combinations, MFC-09-12 x PGCP-12 and MFC-08-14 x PL-3 performed exceedingly well and recorded significantly higher standard heterosis for green fodder yield per plant, seed yield per plant and its contributing characters. These crosses could be utilized in breeding programmes for improving yield in cowpea.
查看更多>>摘要：An investigation was conducted during the zaid seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15. Three fodder maize cultivars 'African tall, J-1006 and local variety' and cowpea 'CL-367' were sown as sole crop as well as in intercropping systems consisting 16 treatments which were laid down in RBD. The results revealed that among the intercropping treatments, African tall intercropped with cowpea in 2:1 ratio recorded significantly highest green biomass yield which was found at par with African tall intercropped with cowpea in 2:1 seed mix and J-1006 intercropped with cowpea in 2:1 ratio. Similarly, dry matter yield was also found to be significantly maximum with African tall intercropped with cowpea in 2:1 row ratio which was at par with same intercropping system in 1:1 row ratio. Significantly the highest crude protein yield was observed with African tall intercropped in 1:1 ratio. The highest crude fibre and NDF yields were recorded in local variety intercropped with cowpea in 2:1 row ratio whereas significantly the highest ADF was recorded with local variety intercropped with cowpea in 1:1 mix.
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