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Horticulture,Environment,and Biotechnology
The Korean Society for Horticultural Science
Horticulture,Environment,and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Horticultural Science

2211-3452

Horticulture,Environment,and Biotechnology/Journal Horticulture,Environment,and Biotechnology
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    Tackling multiple bacterial diseases of Solanaceae with a handful of immune receptors

    Kim, BoyoungChoi, JihyunSegonzac, Cecile
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Every year， despite the use of chemicals， significant crop loss is caused by pathogenic microbes。 Plant innate resistance to pathogens depends on two sets of genetically encoded immune receptors that sense invaders and trigger signaling cascades leading to reinforcement of physical barriers and production of various antimicrobial compounds。 In the past 30 years， the molecular cloning and characterization of plant immune receptors have deepened our understanding of the plant immune system and more importantly， have provided means to improve crop protection against devastating pathogens。 Here， we review the molecular characterization of selected immune receptors that can detect multiple species of bacterial pathogens through an expanded recognition range， or through the detection of conserved pathogen activities or host targets。 These recent structural and molecular insights about the activation of immune receptors provide the necessary framework to design their concomitant deployment in crops， in order to lower selective pressure on pathogen populations and prevent evasion from recognition。 Hence， these few immune receptors emerge as high potential genetic resources to provide durable and environmentally safe protection against important bacterial diseases of solanaceous crops。
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Korean Soc Horticultural Science

    The combined response of elevated CO2 and temperature on Valeriana jatamansi Jones with worm manuring in the western Himalaya: Integrating growth, biomass, and quality

    Walia, SwatiRathore, ShalikaJamwal, SaizalKumar, Rakesh...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：The impact of elevated CO2 (eCO(2)) and elevated temperature (eT) on growth， phenology， yield， and quality has been widely investigated in field crops， but limited work has been done so far on the combined effect of eCO(2) and eT on medicinal plants。 Hence， a 2-year experiment was conducted at CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology， Palampur， India， to study plant growth， biomass， and essential oil composition of mushkbala (Valeriana jatamansi Jones) in response to elevated CO2， temperature， and their combination with the regulation of fertilization。 The growth and yield of V。 jatamansi were significantly affected by environmental conditions and fertilization。 Root length and root volume were 16。85 and 48。99% higher in the combined eCO(2) and eT conditions compared to the ambient conditions。 Combined eCO(2) and eT showed more positive effect on the stem， root and aboveground biomass as compared to leaf， and flower biomass， over the years。 Fertilization improved the growth and biomass of plants compared to unfertilized pots。 FACE+FATI positively affected V。 jatamansi's major essential oil compound patchouli alcohol， while fertilization showed a negative effect。 Our results highlight the need for long-term studies on medicinal and aromatic plants due to changes in the growth and efficiency of crop。 [GRAPHICS] 。
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Korean Soc Horticultural Science

    Flowering responses of Eremogone juncea (M. Bieb.) fenzl to photoperiod, chilling treatment, and cold storage

    Kang, HyeonjeongIm, Nam HyunAn, Seong KwangLee, Hyo Beom...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study was conducted to examine the flowering responses of Eremogone juncea to photoperiod (Experiment 1) and chilling treatment (Experiment 2)。 In addition， plants were subjected to cold storage following chilling treatment to extend the flowering season (Experiment 3)。 In Experiment 1， naturally chilled E。 juncea plants were subjected to five different photoperiod conditions (9/15， 12/12， 14/10， 16/8， and 24/0 h)。 There were no differences in percent flowering among photoperiod treatment groups。 Furthermore， these plants showed no significant differences among groups in the number of days to the first open flower。 In Experiment 2， the plants were exposed to natural chilling for 0， 4， 8， or 12 weeks or artificial chilling at 5 degrees C for 0， 4， or 8 weeks。 Percent flowering was less than 30% in the no-chilling treatment but increased with increasing chilling duration in both the natural and artificial chilling treatments。 Days to the first open flower declined as the chilling duration increased。 To quantify the chilling requirement， chill units (CUs) were calculated using a modified chilling hours model (MCHM) and a modified Utah model (MUM)。 To exceed 80% flowering， at least 1，854 CUs in MCHM or 1，889 CUs in MUM were required。 In Experiment 3， naturally chilled E。 juncea plants were stored for 0， 4， 8， or 12 weeks at 0 degrees C。 Percent flowering significantly decreased under all cold storage treatments。 However， cold storage treatment did not affect the number of days to visible bud or days to the first open flower。 These results indicate that， although percent flowering was reduced by cold storage， the flowering season could be extended by storage treatment。 In conclusion， E。 juncea can be classified as a day-neutral plant with a chilling requirement for flowering。 Moreover， artificial chilling treatment and cold storage can be used to advance or postpone the flowering season for year-round cultivation。
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Korean Soc Horticultural Science

    Growth characteristics and bioactive compounds of dropwort subjected to high CO2 concentrations and water deficit

    Lee, Ji-YoonSon, Ki-HoLee, Jin-HuiOh, Myung-Min...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Here， we determined the effects of mild water deficit (WD) and high CO2 concentration (HC) on the growth and bioactive compounds of dropwort and proposed culture conditions for producing high-quality plants。 Plantlets with two to three offshoots were transplanted to a controlled environment room with artificial light and cultivated for 6 weeks。 To investigate the effects of HC， plantlets were grown under relatively low CO2 concentration (LC; 600 mu mol mol(-1) CO2) or HC (1000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2) conditions for 6 weeks (HC6) or grown under standard conditions for 3 weeks and transferred to HC conditions for the remaining 3 weeks (HC3)。 To investigate the effects of WD， control plantlets were subirrigated by keeping the pots in a tray of nutrient solution， whereas WD-treated plants were allowed to absorb water through wicks extending from the pot bottoms to a nutrient solution below。 Leaf water potential of WD-treated plantlets was significantly lower than that of controls。 Both WD and HC significantly decreased leaf area but did not significantly affect shoot fresh and dry weights。 The photosynthetic rates of HC6- and HC3-treated plantlets were 53% and 64% greater， respectively， than that of LC; the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate exhibited opposite trends。 WD significantly decreased net photosynthetic rate， transpiration rate， and stomatal conductance。 The total nonstructural carbohydrate content of HC6- and HC3-treated plantlets was 8% and 14% greater， respectively， than that of LC。 Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of WD plantlets were 17% and 23% greater， respectively， than those of controls。 In controls， total phenolic content of HC6- and HC3-treated plantlets was increased significantly (by 24% and 34%， respectively) than that of LC plantlets。 Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity of WD-treated plantlets was 14% higher than that of controls; in the controls， PAL activity of HC-treated plantlets increased significantly (by 19%) compared to that of LC plantlets。 However， HC did not affect PAL activity under WD。 Cyanidin content was increased by both WD and HC treatments。 These results indicate that reddish small dropwort (WD treated plantlets) is more useful than greenish dropwort as a functional food and can be easily produced through HC when grown in a closed environment (e。g。， a greenhouse or plant factory)。 Finally， the cultural practice of HC can improve the industrial value of small dropwort grown for food processing。
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Korean Soc Horticultural Science

    Effects of red/blue versus white LED light of different intensities on the growth and organic carbon and autotoxin secretion of hydroponic lettuce

    Zhou, ChengboWang, QiLiu, WenkeLi, Baoshi...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Light is a crucial signal for plant growth， development， and secondary metabolism。 Exploring the effects of light on autotoxin secretion in lettuce can be helpful for improving the utilization efficiency of the nutrient solution in plant factories。 The effects of white light (WL) and the combination of red (R) and blue (B) light (RB， 4R:1B) at different intensities (150， 200， and 250 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) on the growth and root exudates of hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L。) were studied in a closed plant factory。 The lettuce biomass and photosynthetic rate increased with the increasing light intensity， and the photosynthetic rate was significantly lower under WL than under RB at both 200 and 250 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)。 Lettuce under WL had the longest root length and highest root surface area at 200 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)， while the root length， root surface area， and root volume under RB were the highest at 250 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)。 Total organic carbon (TOC) content of root exudates in the nutrient solution based on shoot or root dry weight decreased with the increasing light intensity。 With the increase in light intensity， the secretion of four autotoxins (benzoic acid， ferulic acid， gallic acid， and tannic acid) based on shoot dry weight and root dry weight decreased under WL。 Compared with RB， WL significantly reduced the secretion of autotoxins at 250 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)。 In conclusion， 250 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) white light should be used for high lettuce yield， and it could also decrease the autotoxins in the nutrient solution and the occurrence of autotoxicity。
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Korean Soc Horticultural Science

    Delayed 1-Methylcyclopropene application improves ripening recovery in banana fruit after cold storage

    Satekge, Thabiso KennethMagwaza, Lembe Samukelo
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study investigated the potential of delaying 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application as a postharvest strategy to enhance ripening recovery of banana fruit。 The experiment comprised the following treatments: control (no 1-MCP)， 400 nL L-1 1-MCP at 1 and 15 d， and 50 mu L L-1 ethephon + 400 nL L-1 at 1 and 15 d， arranged in a completely randomized design。 Fruit were stored at 14 degrees C for 30 d and thereafter allowed to ripen at 23 degrees C for 9 d。 After 9 d shelf life， 1-MCP/15 d treated fruit had significantly lower firmness (54。24 N) compared to fruit treated with 1-MCP/1 d (69。45 N)。 Peel degreening was significantly higher in the 1-MCP/1 d treatment， with hue values of 92。06 compared to 86。62 for 1-MCP/15 d。 The 1-MCP/1 d treatment significantly maintained higher total chlorophyll (307。7 mu g/g) and carotenoids (145 mu g/g) in peel compared to 1-MCP/15 d treatment。 Sucrose accumulation significantly increased in 1-MCP/15 d treated fruit (5。26 mg/mL) compared to that treated with 1-MCP/1 d (1。74 mg/mL)。 A similar trend was observed for glucose (0。81 mg/mL) and fructose (0。83 mg/mL)。 The 1-MCP/1 d treated fruit had no detectable glucose and fructose during shelf life。 Our results demonstrated that application of 1-MCP at 15 d cold storage is a promising postharvest strategy to extend fruit shelf life by enhancing ripening recovery after cold storage。
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Korean Soc Horticultural Science

    Postharvest chitosan application maintains the quality of spinach through suppression of bacterial growth and elicitation

    Pramesti, YonaditaSignorelli, SantiagoKriswantoro, Jayen ArisMeitha, Karlia...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Consumption of leafy vegetables is highly recommended for meeting dietary requirements for antioxidants， vitamins， and minerals。 However， the short shelf life of leaves often compromises the nutritional contents and causes economic loss for farmers and sellers。 Chitosan， a natural polymer obtained from seafood waste， has been proposed to improve plant qualities in the postharvest condition。 In this study， the quality of spinach leaves following chitosan treatments was analyzed to test the capacity of chitosan to improve postharvest management of spinach。 Specifically， harvested spinach leaves were dipped in distilled water， 1% (v/v) acetic acid， and 0。1 and 0。5% (w/v) chitosan。 The leaves were then examined for morphological， physiological， and molecular parameters following each treatment on days 0 and 3 after incubation at room temperature with a 12/12-h photoperiod。 Our results suggested that the application of 0。1% (w/v) chitosan solution to postharvest spinach delayed the decaying process， possibly due to the suppression of bacterial growth。 The elicitation mechanism by chitosan involved proline accumulation， retaining chlorophyll， increasing expression of antioxidant genes (Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT)， and decreasing ROS (O-2(-) and H2O2) content。 In conclusion， our results support the suggested role of chitosan treatment in maintaining quality of postharvest spinach by regulating the elicitation processes and limiting bacterial growth。
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Korean Soc Horticultural Science

    Grafting-induced transcriptome changes and long-distance mRNA movement in the potato/Datura stramonium heterograft system

    Zhang, GuanghaiZhou, JinHuaSong, JieGuo, Xinyu...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Grafting potato into Solanaceae plants has been used as an efficient method to solve such problems as a short flowering period， low fruit setting rate， and sterility in potato crossbreeding。 However， the molecular mechanisms governing grafting-induced phenotypic variations have not been elucidated。 In this study， one potato cultivar and wild Datura stramonium served as scion (StS) and rootstock (DsR)， respectively。 Phenotypic analysis showed that the fertility of StS was visibly improved in comparison with self-grafted potato (St)。 Comparative transcriptome profiling revealed that 1490 differentially expressed genes were identified in StS compared with St， and some of these genes appear to be involved in pathways related to genome damage and genotoxic stress response。 We reported the comprehensive identification of mRNA movement between DsR and StS， indicating that 111 transcripts of DsR were delivered to StS。 Conversely， the 1968 mRNAs were transported from StS to DsR。 Based on GO analysis， some of these mobile transcripts had a biological role in regulating pollen tube development and fruit morphogenesis。 This work provides abundant transcriptome profile data for potato scions and reveals that three key transcripts moving from rootstock to scion may be responsible for improving the fertility of potatoes。
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Korean Soc Horticultural Science

    Polyploidization reduces the probability of selecting progenies with high root pithiness and yield potential in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

    Kim, Hye LimLee, JunguChae, Won Byoung
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Polyploidization affects various plant organs and is widely used in plant breeding programs。 This study was conducted to develop a simple and efficient method to generate tetraploid F-2 populations and to investigate the polyploidy effect on the root quality and yield in radish (Raphanus sativus L。) by comparing diploid and tetraploid F-2 populations。 Seeds of a F-1 cultivar were immersed in colchicine solution of 0。05， 0。10， 0。50， 1。00 and 2。00% to select the most efficient concentration。 Treatment durations were tested for the concentration by immersing seeds for 1， 3， 6 and 12 hours。 The ploidy level of colchicine-treated plants was determined using stomata size， flow cytometry and chromosome counts。 The diploid and induced tetraploid F-1 plants were self-fertilized to produce F-2 seeds and both diploid and tetraploid F-2 populations were grown in field condition。 Immersing radish seeds in 1。00% colchicine solution for an hour was the most efficient in producing tetraploid plants。 The leaf weight and number， and root weight and width， on average， were significantly lower in tetraploid than diploid F-2 population。 However， root pithiness was significantly lower in tetraploid than diploid F-2 population and most of tetraploid plants had the lowest pithiness scale with some outliers。 These results suggest that tetraploid populations from colchicine-treated F-1 cultivars can be useful materials for radish breeding programs by significantly reducing the chances for selecting lines with high root pithiness。
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Korean Soc Horticultural Science

    Cytomolecular analysis of repetitive DNA provides insight into the chromosome structure of Sisymbrium irio

    Mancia, Franklin H.Kim, Jung SunCabahug, Raisa Aone M.Hwang, Yoon-Jung...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Sisymbrium irio (2n = 2x = 14) is a wild plant with traits that can offer economic and ecological benefits， yet it has received scant attention compared to its closely related species。 There is no substantial genomic information generated from this species， thus highlighting the need for molecular cytogenetic analyses。 The information provided from karyotypic investigation is essential for developing cytogenetic maps。 In the present study， asymmetry/symmetry indexes classified S。 irio as having a moderately symmetric karyotype。 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) techniques were implemented as important cytogenetic tools for the direct detection of chromosomal targets and the study of the evolutionary relationship of crops。 Repetitive DNA sequences such as ribosomal DNA (rDNA)， C(0)t DNA， telomeric repeats， satellite repeats， and genomic DNA sequences were used as markers for the cytomolecular characterization of S。 irio。 The linked arrangement of 5 and 18 S rDNA units was found to be located at the terminal regions of the two chromosomes。 Arabidopsis-type telomere repeats were detected in the terminal regions。 Interestingly， labeled self-gDNA and C(0)t DNA hybridized in the pericentromeric and rDNA regions signifying the preferential distribution of the major repeats。 Comparative GISH assays revealed the degree of genomic relationships among S。 irio， Raphanus sativus， and Brassica diploids。 The cytogenetic maps generated in this study are essential for understanding the genomic organization of S。 irio and could be utilized for future validation of its genome assembly。
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Korean Soc Horticultural Science