查看更多>>摘要：Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens has attained the status of most noxious agricultural pest of rice crop, not only in Punjab and rest of the India but throughout the world. Intensive cultivation, use of high nitrogenous fertilizers and changes in cropping pattern has led to its widespread increase in India. It has become very challenging to manage this pest due to its ability to develop resistance to conventional insecticides. The two major mechanisms by which insects developed resistance towards insecticides include the metabolic resistance owing to qualitative and quantitative changes in enzyme systems viz. general esterases, glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and P450 monoxygenases detoxification and altered target site resistance such as change in the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterases or degradation and alteration of toxins. More steps should be undertaken to monitor the insecticide resistance development problem in the BPH endemic rice areas throughout India. Sustainable and efficient pest management practices require scientific expertise to develop through research and to effectively disseminate to farmers for adoption. Thus, if rice production is to keep pace with increasing demand, effective and sustainable management strategies are urgently needed to tackle this important biotic constraint.
查看更多>>摘要：Survey-cum-collection tours were undertaken in various location of the campus of Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu, India from October, 2016 to December, 2017. These surveys resulted in the collection of 50species belonging to 35 genera of 5 families of butterflies were identified. The recorded butterflies belonging to the family Nymphalidae (19 species) followed by Pieridae (15 species), Papilionidae (7 species), Lycaenidae (6 species) and Hesperiidae (3species). Some rare species were observed during the study period and documented.
查看更多>>摘要：India has the biggest village silk production industry after handloom and khadi, providing employment to a million people. To promote larval feeding by enrichment of Morus alba leaves with supplementary nutrients is attempted. Freshwater green algae Scenedesmus dimorphus have very high protein contents compared to traditional sources of protein-eggs, meat, milk and soybeans, carbohydrate and organic chemicals. In this study, Morus alba (Mulberry) leaves were treated with different S. dimorphus algalextract concentrations and fed to III, IV and V instar larvae, once in a day. It increased, the maximum growth rate, silk ratio, and economic traits when compared with control and treated batch.
查看更多>>摘要：The large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.) is an important pest of both vegetable and oilseed Brassica crops. The present pest management methods rely largely on the use of synthetic chemical pesticides posing serious health hazards in additionto environment pollution. Host plant resistance is an important alternate pest management strategy. However, development of an insect resistant cultivar requires the identification of resistant source. In this study, we have attempted to evaluate some wild crucifers both under field and laboratory conditions. Atotal of 14 wild crucifers from six species along with two cultivated varieties from two species were evaluated. Based on the two years of field screening and laboratory evaluation, it was found that eight genotypes from four species namely Sinapis alba: CN-33054, Diplotaxis muralis: WS-09-72, D. tenuifolia: WS-09-78, WS-09-81, Brassica tournifortir. WS-09-71, ATC-94485, ATC-94725 and ATC-94777 were promising as these exhibited significant adverse effect on the biology of the pest.
查看更多>>摘要：Pesticides are inevitable in insect management particularly when the pest crosses the Economic Threshold Level. Besides pest, these pesticides kill the natural enemy population also in field level. So, insecticides used in Integrated Pest Management programs should be selective enough to spare the beneficial insect. In this aspect safety of spinetoram 12 SC was tested at different doses to evaluate safety against coccinellids in okra ecosystem at two locations viz., first season at Soorakundu, Melurblock (Hybrid Splender No. 10) during 2013 and second season experiment at Kokkulam, Chekanoorani block (Hybrid Splender No. 10) during 2014 to evaluate the safety of new formulation spinetoram 12 SC at different doses 36, 45 and 54 g a.i./ha) along withstandard check, emamectin benzoate 5 SG 8.5 g a.i/ha, quinalphos 25 EC 200 g a.i/ha and cypermethrin 25 EC 50 g a.i/ha. In the present study mean population of C. sexmaculatus Fab. and C. septumpunctata L. after three sprays on okra (Fig. 1) field experiments revealed that coccinellid population was maximum in untreated check which was on par with spinetoram 12 SC, 36 g a.i/ha and spinetoram 12 SC, 45 g a.i/ha followed by spinetoram 12 SC, 54 g a.i/ha treated plots. Quinalphos and cypermethrin resultedin lowest coccinellids population compared to untreated check.
查看更多>>摘要：Studies on the 3rd instar larvae of Spodoptera litura regarding pupation, pupal survival, adult emergence and estimation of Cry toxin were undertaken on 150 and 165 days old plants of six cotton cultivars i.e. Yuvraj and JKCH 1050 (BG I), NCS 855, Ankur 3028 and MRC 7017 (BG II) and non Bt cultivar, LH 2076.Estimation of CrylAc was done from the leaves of above mentioned BG I and BG II cultivars with ELISA kit of ENVIROLOGIX 500.The results revealed significantly longer larval and pupal period (days), lower pupation (%), pupal weight (mg), pupal survival (%) and adult emergence (%) of S. litura on BG II hybrids as compared to BG I and non Bt cultivars. Among different plant stages, significantly longer larval and pupal period, lower pupal weight, pupation, pupal survival and adult emergence was recorded on 150 day old plants as compared to 165 days old plants. The expression of Cry toxin (CrylAc and Cry2Ab) was also higher among BG II cultivars as compared to BG I and also higher toxin was presentin younger plants of 150 days as compared to 165 days old plants.
RABIYA BASRIMOHAMMAD SHAFIQ ANSARIMAHER A. MORAIET
7页
查看更多>>摘要：Influence of host plants: cabbage, garlic and two varieties of onion, Poona Red Desi (PDR) and Onion Gawran were studied on the biological parameters of Thrips tabaci at 22±1°C and 65±5% relative humidity. Significant differences were found in total developmental time between the host plants with total mean of 17.54 days and the total life span of 45.23 days. Oviposition period was 24.2 days on cabbage compared to 18.6 days on garlic, while 23.3 days on Pusa Red Desi. The highest fecundity (80.4 eggs) was observed on cabbage and 58 eggs were obtained when reared on garlic. Longevity was reduced to 23 days on garlic compared to 30 days on cabbage and Puna Red Desi. However, nonsignificant difference was found in the finite rate of increase and intrinsic rate of increase among host plants. Mean generation time was significantly highest on cabbage (28.79 days), while 23.86 days on garlic. Net reproductive rate was non-significant on cabbage and PDR but significantly differed on Gawran and garlic. Significant differences were found in I instar, pre-pupal and pupal morphometric parameters. These variations in life table traits imply that the host plants certainly affected the biological parameters of T. tabaci which will be helpful in the managementof thrips on onion crop.
查看更多>>摘要：The tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important polyphagous insect pest that is causing huge damage to crops worldwide. The toxicity data of insecticide plays an important part in management of insect-pest as it determines the effectiveness of insecticide. The present study was conducted to evaluate toxicity of insecticides by leaf dip assay towards populations of S. litura collected from four different regions i.e. Amritsar, Kapurthala, Malerkotla and Ludhiana of Punjab. The LC_(50) values were determined for all insecticides with respect to different populations of S. litura to evaluate toxicity. On comparison of LC_(50) values of test insecticides the Emamectin Benzoate (0.0000086 to 0.000020 percent) was found to be highly toxic to S. litura followed by Cyantraniliprole, Indoxacarb, Spinosad and Fenvalerate for all populations. Fenvalerate was least toxic to populations of S. litura with LC_(50) value ranging from 0.002315 to 0.005622 percent. Thevariations in sensitivity of S. litura populations towards insecticides were reported in all regions. Amritsar region population was found to be least sensitive with highest LC_(50) values for all insecticides followed by Kapurthala, Malerkotla, Ludhiana, susceptible populations. The information regarding toxicity would be helpful for inventing new management strategies for S. litura.
查看更多>>摘要：The pod borer (Maruca vitrata) can cause great damage by attacking pigeon pea pods. The experiment comprised of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, emamectine benzoate, cypermethrin, spinosad, intercropping with sorghum, clipping of webs and control was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications at Research Farm of Pluses Section, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hiasr for the evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis and cultural practices along with pesticides against spotted pod borer on pigeon pea during Kharif 2014. The minimum pod damage was recorded in chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (7.20%), which was at par with emamectin benzoate 5 SG (7.57%) and spinosad 45 SC (8.43%) and the maximum grain yield (1500 kg/ha) of pigeon pea was also realized with the same chemical followed by emamectin benzoate 5 SG (1407.41 kg/ha) and spinosad 45 SC (1370.37 kg/ha). Bacillus thuringiensis (27.16%) was also found effective in reducing poddamage, which was superior to untreated control. Based on experimental results, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC may be used to control pod borer in pigeon pea.
查看更多>>摘要：Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), is an important spice crop of India and have a great export potential. It attracts a number of insect pests which reduce the productivity and quality of the produce. Present study was conducted at Bharti Field Fresh Farm,Ladhowal and Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Farm, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during Kharif and Rabi seasons respectively. Major insect pests recorded on chilli during this study were aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer and Aphis gossypii, Glover; thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood; mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks; whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius; American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fabricius.
NSTL