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Biologia
Vydavatelstvo Slovenskej Akademie Vied
Biologia

Vydavatelstvo Slovenskej Akademie Vied

0006-3088

Biologia/Journal BiologiaSCIISTPAHCI
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    Dissecting the phytohormonal, genomic and proteomic regulation of micronutrient deficiency during abiotic stresses in plants

    Banerjee, AdityaRoychoudhury, Aryadeep
    22页
    查看更多>>摘要：Compromised productivity and yield loss due to inadequate nutrient abundance or inefficient mineral absorption from the soil are one of the most prevalent agricultural concerns across the world. Essential minerals, required in trace amounts for optimum plant growth and development, are termed as micronutrients. Due to low abundance of these vital elements (iron, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, nickel, molybdenum and chlorine), significant stretches of agricultural land often have limited supply of these micronutrients. As a result, plants, crops and vegetables grown in such soil exhibit unpredictable anatomical, biochemical and metabolic abnormalities associated with deteriorated physiological alterations. This communication details out the genomic, proteomic and metabolomic dynamism mediated by various plant species exposed to micronutrient starvation or grown under micronutrient-limiting environment. Furthermore, deficiency of vital trace elements inhibits the activity of crucial enzymes associated with detoxification of oxidants and regulation of important physiological processes like photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen assimilation, sugar metabolism, etc. Thus, these plants experience an inherent oxidative stress and are more susceptible to multiple abiotic stresses due to inefficient defence machinery. The differential physiological adaptations mediated under such variable microelement deficiency have also been critically delineated. Thus, diverse signaling crosstalks, regulated by phytohormonal homeostasis, chiefly synchronize such responses of the physiome during micronutrient deficiency.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Physio-morphological and biochemical responses of dixie grass (Sporobolus virginicus) to NaCl or Na2SO4 stress

    Tisarum, RujiraChaitachawong, NatpisitTakabe, TeruhiroSingh, Harminder Pal...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Salinity, one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses, reduces growth, development, biomass, and yield of economically important plant species. Dixie grass (Sporobolus virginicus) is a halophytic, perennial C-4 grass that quickly adapts to the coastal saline area and is generally used worldwide as fodder for grazing animals. However, studies have hitherto not investigated the physiological and biochemical basis of salt tolerance in dixie grass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological, morphological, and biochemical responses of dixie grass to different levels of salinity (0, 400, 600, and 800 mM NaCl or Na2SO4) under greenhouse conditions. Overall growth traits of dixie grass were significantly reduced, especially in plants exposed to 800 mM Na2SO4. Leaf area of the plants was reduced by 78.49% and 54.52% over the control at 800 mM Na2SO4 and 800 mM NaCl, respectively. Na+ content in the leaf tissues of Na2SO4-treated plants was enriched by 28.88 folds over the control, causing chlorophyll degradation, diminution of photon yield of PSII, and reduction in the net photosynthetic rate. Greater accumulation of free proline and total soluble sugars in plants exposed to Na2SO4 were evident, which might be responsible for the osmotic adjustment. Alternatively, Na+ crystal secretion in dixie grass reduced ion toxicity, especially in the leaf blade. The study demonstrated that dixie grass counteracts the salt-induced ionic imbalance by modulating biochemical, physiological, and morphological attributes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Phylogenetic relationships in Indian Daphne (Thymelaeaceae) based on nuclear ITS and cpDNAdata

    Banerjee, ArnabDwivedi, Mayank D.Kasana, ShrutiSingh, Paramjit...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Daphne (Thymelaeaceae) is a small group of shrubby plants mainly distributed in subtropical and temperate regions of the world with a few species also occurring in alpine habitats. Of ca. 95 species in the world, six species and one variety are reported from India. Phylogenetic relationships of the Indian Daphne were investigated based on nuclear (ITS) and plastid (rbcL and trnL-F) regions. A total of 21 sequences representing five taxa of the six species reported from India were newly generated for the present study. The phylogenies using ML and Bayesian analyses obtained from individual and combined datasets were congruent and strongly supported the monophyly of the genus Daphne. Combined analyses revealed two major well-supported clades. The systematic relationship of the narrow endemic species, D. thanguensis was also confirmed as sister to the morphologically similar D. tangutica. The study supports the independent species status of D. retusa and D. tangutica. Ancestral state reconstructions were done using two major features, viz. presence or absence of indumentum on calyx and colour of the calyx occurrence of species. A taxonomic key has also been provided for the Indian taxa. This is the first comprehensive molecular study on the Indian Daphne.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Molecular characterization of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) varieties in Vietnam using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers

    Dang Thi Kim XuanQuang Thien NguyenNguyen Hoang Minh KhangHoang Ngoc Xuan Mai...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Being predominantly cultivated in the tropics, coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most important palm crops in the world. Even though it provides a significant source of income for smallholder farmers in many developing countries including Vietnam, its genetic diversity is yet to be well understood. In this study, genetic diversity and genetic relationships amongst 19 coconut varieties collected from Mekong Delta were analyzed and mapped using a set of 30 sequence-related amplified plymorphism (SRAP) markers. Results showed that, out of 99 amplified bands, 82 bands (ranging from 150 to 2500 bp in size) were found to be polymorphic. On average, each primer exhibited 3.71 reproducible polymorphic bands per reaction. The values of polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.08 to 0.50 and the resolving power (Rp) were between 0.32 and 1.92. The average values of Shannon's diversity index (I) and heterozygosity (He) were 0.21 and 0.15 respectively. Inter-varietal differentiation accounted for 42% of total genetic variation. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering classified the 19 coconut varieties into two clades with three major clusters. The present study provided valuable information on genetic diversity of coconut cultivation, thereby being of great use for the selection and development of coconut planting materials in Vietnam.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Changes in environmental conditions are critical factors for optimum biomass, lipid pattern and biodiesel production in algal biomass

    Munir, NeelmaHasnain, MariaSarwar, ZirwaAli, Faraz...
    26页
    查看更多>>摘要：Microalgae and their metabolites can be influenced by their environment, effects that can be investigated in a laboratory by modifying the composition of the cultivation medium. In this study, pH was varied around (4-10), temperature (10-45 degrees C), and sodium nitrate (0-5 g/L) concentration to assess the performance of Chlorella sp. and Oedogonium sp., which were isolated from water bodies from the Lahore district of Pakistan. A decreased algal growth rate was paralleled by an increase in the lipid levels. In dried samples of Chlorella sp. the lipid increased from 42% under optimal growth conditions to 73% in samples grown under nitrogen deficiency at 20 degrees C in a cultivation medium adjusted to pH 4. A similar result was found in cultures of Oedogonium sp. while the lipid content increased from 40 to 69%. These two algal strains were further esterified for biodiesel production and fuel properties were analyzed. In both algae, C16 and C18 fatty acids increased preferentially under stress. This was paralleled by improved fuel properties of the produced biodiesel. It can be suggested that microalgal lipid compositions enhanced by acclimatization to sub-optimal environmental conditions opens a new opportunity for the production of cost-effective biodiesel. [GRAPHICS] .
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Systematic significance of seed morphology and foliar anatomy among Acanthaceous taxa

    Raza, JamilAhmad, MushtaqZafar, MuhammadYaseen, Ghulam...
    18页
    查看更多>>摘要：The present study was aimed at investigating seed macro and micro-morphological and foliar epidermal anatomical characters of 15 Acanthus species from Pakistan. Firstly, plant specimens were collected and then identified on the basis of relevant references. For morphological analysis, seed characters were carefully examined using stereo microscopy and scanning microscopy to evaluate the usefulness of seed characteristics for the identification of systematic relationships. Considerable differences were found in seed coat morphology within studied taxa. Four types of seed surface pattern; striate (6 species), foveolate and papillate (2 species each), papillate rugose and rugose (one species each) were recognized. The dominant pattern of epicuticular projections was glabrous followed by prickles and bulges. Cell outlines were random and in rows while arrangement of cells was regular and irregular. For anatomical analysis, the foliar sections of leaves of each taxon were prepared, studied by light microscopy and then photographed by means of a Meiji affinity DK-5000 digital camera. Both adaxial and abaxial epidermis of the leaf has been studied and various micro-morphological characters examined including shape of epidermal cells, anticlinal wall pattern, lobes per cell, type of stomata and trichomes. Quantitatively, maximum epidermal cell length on adaxial and abaxial surface were observed in Dicliptera verticillata (Forssk.) C.Chr. (57.4 mu m) and (57 mu m) respectively. While stomata length was noted to be highest on abaxial side in Dicliptera verticillata (35.9 mu m). The micro-morphological features and foliar epidermal anatomy of studied Acanthus species showed many novel characters for accurate taxonomic identification and provide baseline information for plant taxonomists.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Interrupted hibernation of the gall-inducer affects its parasitoids - a case study on some gall communities of Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Bulgaria

    Todorov, IvayloBoyadzhiev, PeterAntov, MiroslavStojanova, Anelia...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Gall communities of the bedeguar gall wasp, Diplolepis rosae, have been explored by many authors during the years because of their species richness and relevance for biological and ecological studies. Some observations focused on the D. rosae larvae revealed the critical importance of hibernation for successful development of adult individuals. However, there are no data on the effects of winter diapause of the gall inducer on other gall inhabitants, like parasitoids and inquilines. In the present study, the parasitoid community composition, species abundance and species diversity in the absence of hibernation of the gall-inducer from samples collected from Stara Planina Mts and the Rhodope Mts, Bulgaria, were investigated. The data from non-cold stored samples were compared with those of a similar study from Vitosha Mts, where there was successful hibernation of the gall-maker. In addition to D. rosae and its inquiline Periclistus brandtii, a total of 18 hymenopteran parasitoid species emerged from the bedeguar galls; they belonged to Eulophidae (three species), Eupelmidae (five species), Eurytomidae (three species), Pteromalidae (two species), Torymidae (three species) and Ichneumonidae (two species). The estimated diversity indices showed moderate parasitoid species diversity at the studied areas. The most numerous species in the samples were Glyphomerus stigma and Pteromalus bedeguaris. Two species are new to the Bulgarian fauna - Eurytoma caninae and Eupelmus fulvipes. Additionally, one association with the rose bedeguar galls is newly discovered - Oomyzus galerucivorus has not been previously recorded as member of this community One unknown species belonging to genus Stepanovia was also found.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Interrupted hibernation of the gall-inducer affects its parasitoids - a case study on some gall communities of Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Bulgaria (Sep, 10.1007/s11756-022-01184-7, 2022)

    Todorov, IvayloBoyadzhiev, PeterAntov, MiroslavStojanova, Anelia...
    1页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Relationships among biotic, abiotic parameters and ecological status in Shahid Rajaee reservoir (Iran)

    Shokri, MiladRahmani, HosseinJanikhalili, KhosrowAbdoli, Asghar...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Human activities in riverine water bodies can cause loading of nutrients and other pollutants in receiving systems, affecting species interactions and population dynamics. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of anthropogenic alteration on an artificial water body, i.e., the Shahid Rajaee reservoir, in Iran that is experiencing a serious water crisis. The reservoir is subject to high anthropogenic nutrient loads from the Shirinroud and Sefidroud rivers, the effect of which needs to be evaluated considering the strategic importance of the reservoir as a source of drinking water. A field sampling campaign was carried out at seven stations (one in each of the two river mouths and five in the reservoir itself) each month from April to July 2016. The study entailed sampling of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna at the river mouths and plankton communities at the reservoir stations. In addition to macroinvertebrate and plankton, abiotic and nutrient variables were measured at all stations. Substantial loading of organic matter, mainly from the Shirinroud River, was detected throughout the sampling period, with a detrimental effect on both benthic and plankton communities. The decline in plankton diversity was particularly noticeable at stations close to the river mouths during June and July, with a bloom of Dinoflagellata and Cyanobacteria and strong dominance of larger zooplankton taxa, e.g., Copepoda. Our results suggest that river water quality, affected by human activities, alters the planktonic communities in Rajaee reservoir. Our assessment indicates that measures on both the Shirinroud River and the reservoir are required to mitigate and prevent even stronger eutrophication of the reservoir ecosystem.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Genetic variability of the riffle beetle Elmis maugetii Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Elmidae) in Europe and North Africa

    Novakovic, Boris B.Rakovic, Marko B.Ciampor, Fedor, Jr.Zivic, Ivana M....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this study we investigated genetic variability of the riffle beetle Elmis maugetii Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Elmidae) in Europe and North Africa. The samples barcoded in the present study cover the following countries: the Netherlands, Croatia, Serbia, and Greece. The analysis also includes additional data from Austria, Germany, France, Spain, Slovakia, France, and North Africa (Morocco). mtDNA sequences of the newly barcoded E. maugetii specimens were compared to all sequences available for this species in the BOLD and NCBI GenBank databases. The present study also provides data on population genetic parameters of the species [haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, Theta (per site) from Eta, Tajima's D value], minimum-spanning networks, phylogeographic structure, and possible corridors of its recolonization of the European continent in the Pleistocene. Genetic diversity of E. maugetii was found to be lower in northern regions of Europe. According to the proposed evolutionary history of E. maugetii, the colonization of northern latitudes most likely started from the Balkan Peninsula (suggested as the species ' main glacial refugium in Europe) and proceeded via Central, Northern, and Western Europe, finally reaching the Pyrenean Peninsula (Spain). The specimens from North Africa (Morocco) are slightly distinct from the European ones. To judge from data obtained on the genetic structure of populations of this riffle beetle species, it is characterized by shallow genetic structure within mitochondrial DNA in general.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature