查看更多>>摘要：The objective of this work was to compare through chronic tests, the sublethal effects of two compounds: the antifungal commercial Pellital Bio-F36 (TCMTB), and a synthetic eco-friendly gemini (Gem-3e) compound in Daphnia magna. Both compounds are used in the industry as antifungals for the preservation of woods and leathers. The attributes of life history recorded as endpoints were: survival; growth; fecundity and net reproductive rate (Ro). The net reproductive rate (Ro) was =0 in the bioassays conducted with lxlO"4, 5xl05 and 2.5xl0'5 mg L"1 of TCMTB. This value is indicative of no reproductive events, condition that would indicate a population decline and possible local extinction. For the synthetic compound type-gemini (Gem-3e) only in the lowest concentration Ro was >1. Changes occurred in the life cycle of D. magna exposed to both compounds, but the concentrations tested with the commercial formulation was between 2100 and 2403 times lower than those of the Gem-3e compound.
查看更多>>摘要：Adolescence is a period that is prone to Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). In Indonesia, students can choose to study in a senior high school or in an Islamic boarding school. Students in the Islamic boarding school are restricted to use cellularphone that can cause difficulties in getting the information related to STDs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the differences between senior high school students and Islamic boarding school students regarding their knowledge and attitude towards STDs. This is a descriptive study with data collected by an assisted questionnaire. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the association between categorical variables. A total of 102 male students aged 14-17 years old were included in thisstudy. A good knowledge of STDs was seen in all senior high school students compared to 60.5% in Islamic boarding school students. Almost all students (93%) on both groups have a positive attitude towards STDs. In conclusion, senior high school studentshave better knowledge than Islamic boarding school students, but no significant difference was found in their attitude towards STDs.
查看更多>>摘要：As they can act as intermediate hosts to various parasitic species; snails have a particular veterinary importance. The study was conducted to investigate the histopathological effects of Parapleuro lophocercous larval stages on the digestive glands of M. tuberculata. Snails infected with Parapleuro lophocercous cercaria were collected, and infected digestive glands were isolated and prepared for histological preparation. Histopathological observation in infected snail tissues showed considerable damage to the digestive gland such as lyses necrosis, enlargement of the epithelial layer and separation of connective tissue. The severity of any histopathological damage depends on the type of larval stages and degree of infection.
YEHIA A.G. MAHMOUDREDA H. SAMMOURABDEL-ZAHER M.A. MUSTAFA
8页
查看更多>>摘要：Twenty-six Egyptian isolates of Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.; were collected from eleven Egyptian governorates. Pathogenicity was tested against five onion cultivars grown in local (Giza 6, Giza 20), regional (Baladi from Saudi Arabia), and international (yellow onion from USA and Ailsa Craig from UK) areas. The study revealed that S. cepivorum isolates Kfll, Asl, Is, Mf, Sol, and So2 had high virulence against all five onion cultivars with ratings of 5, while isolates Kfl, Kf2, Kf3, and Kf4 were ratedthe lowest in virulence based on disease severity. S. cepivorum sclerotia with high and low pathogenicity of four strains were observed at high and low magnifications using electron microscope analysis to reflect the sclerotia surface and layers. A study of the most virulent S. cepivorum isolate (Is) using electron microscopy showed regular spherical sclerotia, with one pointed end at the germination point. The surface was observed to be rough with many cracks, and contained a thick, multilayered cellwall with small dark spherical precipitates. The inner components of the sclerotia included dense, sharply defined cytoplasmic organelles with a rough outer surface, and a large nucleus with dense chromatin. The avirulent S. cepivorum isolate Kf3 was observed to have irregular sclerotia, and a non-pustular surface with distinctive deep grooves. The Kf3 isolate's sclerotia contained less dense inner components; the cytoplasmic organelles were smooth and lacked an outer surface while the nucleus was smalland granulated and had lighter chromatin than observed in the Is isolate. It can therefore be concluded that S. cepivorum aggressiveness may rely upon content of pigments such as melanin and thickness of cell wall.
查看更多>>摘要：Sprague Dawley mice were given swallow's nest extract at a dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg BW per oral previously induced H202 on the 31st and 32nd days. In addition, there was also a normal group and a positive control group for vitamin E. After being turned off, the liver was taken and measured the GSH, MDA and AST/ALT activity of the liver tissue. The results showed a MDA level: control (+), normal, 10, 20, 40 mg/KgBW dose of swallow's nest extract: 0,065; 0.050; 0.043; 0.051; 0.070 ng/mg tissues. Then GSH levels: control (+), normal, 10,20,40 mg/KgBW dose of swallow's nest extract: 0.081; 0.077; 0.33; 0.057; 0.077 ug/mg tissues (ANOVAp <0.05), Pearson correlation test results showed a strong positive relationship, whereas the higher the MDA level the higher the GSH level (R = 0,960). AST/ALT ratio: control (+), normal, 10,20,40 mg/ KgBW dose of swallow's nest extract: 0.391; 0.377; 0.323; 0.398; 0.42 (ANOVAp >0.05). The histological image of Swallow's Nest extract doses 10 and 40 shows normal cells. Swallow's nest extract can reduce the level of oxidative stress as evidenced by increased GSH and decreased MDA levels, and can also reduce liver damage by reducing AST/ALT activity. Swallow's nest extract does not cause damage to liver cells or tissue.
查看更多>>摘要：Antimicrobial activity of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni); well known as stevia plant which leaves extracts were investigated against a large number of microorganisms, but not yet evaluated its activity against resistant microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial proficiency of stevia against antibiotic resistant microorganisms (10 bacteria, 6 fungi and 16 yeast species) using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Extracts were obtained from the stevia powder of leaves usingdifferent solvents like as n-hexane, petroleum ether, acetone, ethanol and water. Among different extracts of stevia, n-hexane, petroleum ether and acetone extracts were more potentially effective with variable efficiency against both gram positive and gram negative resistance bacteria compared to ethanolic and water extracts, respectively. Maximum zone of inhibition (21.0±0.5 mm) was observed with n-hexane extracts against Bacillus cereus and minimum zone of inhibition (7.5±0.5 mm) was specified by the water extracts against Listeria monocytogenes. The n-hexane extracts inhibited significant number of mycelial growth of tested fungi compared to other solvents extracts. Likely as, extracts with n-hexane exhibited more efficacies against most of the tested yeasts, particularly for Candida species. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were also determined. The results of present study indicate that the stevia leaf extracts have inhibitory efficacy against microorganisms and further study will reveal the possibility of employing them in medicines for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by the test microorganisms.
EMMANUEL ILESANMIADEYEYEOLAYINKA ABIDEMIIBIGBAMIADEOLU JONATHAN ADESINA
9页
查看更多>>摘要：Occurrence; distribution and accumulation of pesticides residues in water, sediment and fish parts from a dam in Nigeria were studied. A gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) was used to quantify the pesticides residues after careful extraction and clean-up. Trace amounts of the analysed pesticides were detected in all the sampled matrixes. High level of variations were reportedin the water and sediments values as observed in the calculated CV% but being more pronounced in sediments. In general, pesticides were obviously higher in the head and muscle than liver with a percentage ratio of 36.8: 33.7:29.5 respectively. Triadimefon, heptachlor, aldrin, chlordane and prochloraz showed evidence of high accumulation in the fish parts.
查看更多>>摘要：Black Carbon (BC) content in the atmosphere is an important parameter which tells us about the contribution of fossil fuel burning in altering cloud structure and monsoon. Total Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) data and AOT due to BC at 550nm have beencollected along with necessary parameters from NASA's Giovanni website for the period 2010 to 2018 for the continental south Indian location Bengaluru of Karnataka state; India. It has been found that during November-2011 the percentage contribution ofAOT-BC towards total AOT at 550 nm is found to be least (0.69%). On the other hand, during February-2017 the percentage contribution of AOT-BC records highest value (11.54%). On annual average scale, the year 2011 records lowest contribution of AOT-BC (5.218%), whereas the year 2016 records the highest contribution of AOT-BC (6.735%) towards total AOT at 550nm. Also it has been observed that there is a small reduction in Incoming short wave solar radiation (ISR) from 2010 (99.63 W/m2) to 2018 (86.73 W/m2) indicating the accumulation of particulates in the atmosphere. However there appears no significant change in the outgoing long wave radiation (OLR) from the year 2010 (226.39 W/m2) to 2018 (230.08 W/m2). The reason for change in BC concentration overyear with possible justification is discussed in this paper.
查看更多>>摘要：Climate change is one of the greatest challenges faced by the global community today. The analysis of past changes and current irregular behavior in climatic events shows that changes being experienced in the climate of Jharkhand are the proof of natural climate variability prevailing in the state. Previous studies for the state show that the Jharkhand is in precarious situation due to its high climate sensitivity and vulnerability combined with low adaptive capacity. Climatic alternation in Jharkhand is becoming fairly perceptible and the changes are far more evident than in other part of the Jharkhand. As a result of climate change extreme abiotic factor like high and low temperature, salinity, osmotic stress, heavy rain, floods and forest damagesare posing serious threats to rice production. Mitigation, adaptaion and developing resistant varieties of rice may be more productive under these changing climatic conditions. The present investigation provides an overview of the recent evidence.
查看更多>>摘要：In the present study, production of bioelectricity in microbial fuel cell developed with slaughter house waste rumen fluid was enhanced by optimization of agarose salt bridge and electrode size. Agarose salt bridge was optimized by different percentage of agarose from l%-3% with different sodium chloride concentration from l%-3%. Graphite plates of different sizes (LXBXH) 4x4x0.3cm, 5x5x0.3cm, 6x6x.0.3cm, 7x7x0.3cm and 6x6x3cm were used. 1% agarose salt bridge with 3% sodium chloride produced maximumvoltage and current, 560mV and 2.60mA respectively. Graphite plate of 6x6x3cm gave the maximum voltage of 620mV and 4.8mA after 7 days, when compared to other sizes of graphite plates.
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