查看更多>>摘要：Formicivora serrana was described by Hellmayr in 1929 from specimens collected in Minas Gerais state, and subspecies F. s. interposita and F. s. littoralis by Gonzaga and Pacheco (1990) from specimens from Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states and Rio de Janeiro state, respectively. According to the latter authors, interposita is, intermediate both geographically and morphologically in relation to F. s. serrana and F. s. littoralis. Two years after its description, F. s. littoralis was elevated to species status (Collar et al. 1992) and it has subsequently been considered a species of conservation concem because of its restricted geographical range and threatened habitat. Formicivora s. interposita, however, was not elevated and is generally considered a subspecies of 5erraa. In this study we review the taxonomy of F. serrana, testing the validity of littoralis and proposing the best taxonomic treatment for F. s. interposita. The results of morphometric, vocal and plumage analyses show that F. s.interposita and F. littoralis lack diagnostic characters, and are therefore not valid phylogenetic species. Further, our results indicate that F. littoralis is not a valid biological species, but that it and interposita could be considered subspecies ofF. serrana under this species concept. These results stress the need for detailed systematic studies in support of taxonomic decisions.
ADRIANO T. LIMAPAULO A. S. COSTAADRIANA C. BRAGAGUSTAVO W. A. NUNAN...
15页
查看更多>>摘要：Recent pelagic and benthic trawling activities over the Brazilian continental slope between 11° and 23°S captured nine species representing five genera of the stomiiform family Sternoptychidae. Among these, three species are new records for Brazilian waters: Sternoptyxpseudodiaphana, Argyripnus atlanticus, and Polyipnus sp. The known distributions of Argyropelecus aculeatus and Maurolicus stehmanni along the Brazilian coast are extended northward to 13°S and 16°S, respectively, while that of Sternoptyx diaphana is extended southward to 13°S. Argyropelecus hemigymnus, Argyropelecus sladeni, and Sternoptyx pseudobscura were rarely caught (n=2-16). A key to the western South Atlantic species of Stemoptychidae is provided.
查看更多>>摘要：Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer was bom 2 Febmary 1808 in Hamburg, and he died in that city on 3 March 1887. In 1810 he was taken with his family to St. Petersburg, Russia, to escape economic hardships during the occupation of Hamburg and continental blockade of the United Kingdom by Napoleon. He attended secondary school and university in Dorpat (Tartu), Estonia, and earned a doctorate in law from Universtat Heidelberg in 1831. Kirchenpauer retumed to Hamburg in 1832 as a lawyer and joumalist, gainingrecognition as a specialist in intemational trade. He later served as senator, federal council representative, and seven-time Burgermeister (mayor) of the city. One of his avocations was natural history, especially taxonomy of hydroids and bryozoans. While he published only six papers with information on Hydrozoa, Kirchenpauer described and named eight genera and 77 species and subspecies of hydroids. Three familiar genera (Abietinaria, Lytocarpia, Macrorhynchid) and nearly half of the species he founded are still recognized as valid. In four papers dealing at least in part with Bryozoa, he named and described one new genus and 26 new species-group taxa in that group. Hydroids and bryozoans studied and described by Kirchenpauer came from many parts ofthe world, especially Australia, the westem Pacific and mid-Pacific islands,'South Africa, Europe, the Russian Far East, and the eastem South Atlantic. Kirchenpauer was awarded an honorary doctorate from Universtat Kiel in 1876 for his scientific contributions. One family, one genus, and four species have been named in his honour.
PHILIP J. WITHERSRICHARD F. PREZIOSIDAVID PENNEYANDREW MCNEIL...
7页
查看更多>>摘要：A new species of the extant spider family Anapidae is described from a fossil mature male in Eocene amber from the Baltic region and tentatively assigned to the genus Balticoroma Wunderlich, 2004. Phase contrast X-ray computed micro-tomography was used to reveal important features that were impossible to view using traditional microscopy. Balticoroma wheateri new species is easily diagnosed from all other anapids by having clypeal extensions that run parallel to the ectal surface of the chelicerae and in having the metatarsus of the first leg highly reduced and modified into what is presumably a y-shaped clasping structure. Although only a single extant anapid species occurs in northern Europe, the family was diverse in the Eocene. The discovery ofyet another anapid species in Baltic amber supports the idea that Eocene European forests may have been a hotspot of evolution for this family of spiders.
查看更多>>摘要：DNA Barcoding is elusive to many taxonomists. Like the numbers in a barcode, barcoding attempts to link a type specimen with a part of its DNA, most commonly from the mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Imagine a sequence of nucleotide DNA common in every organism, which has enough differences to distinguish the code of one type specimen from another. Take a sample from the type specimen of every known species and add them to a database. The result, a inventory of COI genes, canbe accessed at anytime to identify specimens, either in the field or in the lab. For many, this sounds too good to be true.
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