Luis Nieves-Aldrey, JoseMedianero, Enrique [AuthorE-mail: emedianero@ancon.up.ac.pa].
47页
查看更多>>摘要：This paper reports the first study of the inquiline oak gall wasp fauna of Panama. Samples were collected at 19 sites in Panama, and inquiline specimens were reared from 63 gall morphotypes, including six species of Quercus, mainly Q. salicifolia and Q. bumelioides. Two genera were found: Synergus, represented by 10 species, and the recently described genus Agastoroxenia Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero, with a single species, A. panamensis Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero. Synergus was recorded for the first time in Panama; Synergus mesoamericanus and Synergus nicaraguensis, which were formerly recorded from Guatemala and Nicaragua, have now been recorded in Panama, and eight new species of Synergus are described here: Synergus elegans, S. laticephalus, S. ramoni, S. rufinotaulis, S. luteus, S. gabrieli, S. baruensis and S. chiricanus. A key for the identification of the studied fauna is provided. An overall similarity cluster analysis of the inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, including one Neotropical and two Palaearctic species as outgroups, is included.
查看更多>>摘要：Morphology of juvenile stages and ontogeny of Damaeus onustus C. L. Koch, 1844, Damaeus clavipes (Hermann, 1804) and Kunstidamaeus tecticola (Michael, 1888) was investigated. The juveniles of these species differ mainly in body shape and size, and shape of some setae on the gastronotum and legs. The nymphs of all species lose centrodorsal setae of the (/-series, and carry the exuviae of previous instars, but D. onustus carries also compact humus mass adhering to exuviae, D. clavipes a lot of loose-debris, while K. tecticola usually only exuviae. The kind of camouflage is partly determined by the shape of gastronotal setae; in D. onustus these setae are curved ventrally, in D. clavipes are raised, while in K. tecticola are raised, and strongly curvedmedial. The nymphs of these species, as the nymphs of all other known Damaeidae, have gastronotal cornicle, which connects the exuviae of previous instars to the gastronotum. The cornicle of particular species differs in shape and location on the gastronotum; in some species is located anteromedial to setae la, in the other between setae Im, and in the other yet between setae Ip or h The adults of these species differ mainly in body size, presence and shape of cuticular apophyses on the body, length ofsome setae on the prodorsum and notogaster, and the number of setae on legs, including dorsal seta d on genua I—III and tibiae I-IV.
查看更多>>摘要：Morphology of juvenile stages and ontogeny of Damaeus onustus C. L. Koch, 1844, Damaeus clavipes (Hermann, 1804) and Kunstidamaeus tecticola (Michael, 1888) was investigated. The juveniles of these species differ mainly in body shape and size, and shape of some setae on the gastronotum and legs. The nymphs of all species lose centrodorsal setae of the (/-series, and carry the exuviae of previous instars, but D. onustus carries also compact humus mass adhering to exuviae, D. clavipes a lot of loose-debris, while K. tecticola usually only exuviae. The kind of camouflage is partly determined by the shape of gastronotal setae; in D. onustus these setae are curved ventrally, in D. clavipes are raised, while in K. tecticola are raised, and strongly curvedmedial. The nymphs of these species, as the nymphs of all other known Damaeidae, have gastronotal cornicle, which connects the exuviae of previous instars to the gastronotum. The cornicle of particular species differs in shape and location on the gastronotum; in some species is located anteromedial to setae la, in the other between setae Im, and in the other yet between setae Ip or h The adults of these species differ mainly in body size, presence and shape of cuticular apophyses on the body, length ofsome setae on the prodorsum and notogaster, and the number of setae on legs, including dorsal seta d on genua I—III and tibiae I-IV.
查看更多>>摘要：The new species of anthozoan Corallimorphus niwa occurs at depths of 926-1773 m in seas around New Zealand. This new species shares with other members of Corallimorphus stiff and hyaline mesoglea, short column relative to its broad oral disc, and deep-sea habitat. It differs from other members of Corallimorphus in having an equal number of marginal and discal tentacles, the discal tentacles arrayed in multiple circlets. Groups of Corallimorphus are defined by tentacle array; C. niwa n. sp. characterizes the new niwa group. Two of the other five valid species of Corallimorphus (C. profundus and C. pilatus) constitute the profundus group, members of which have about four times as many marginal as discal tentacles, the discal tentacles arrayed in a single circlet; the three members of the rigidus group (C. rigidus, C. denhartogi, and C. ingens) have about twice as many marginal as discal tentacles, the discal tentacles arrayed in multiple circlets. The definition of genus Corallimorphus must be modified to accommodate this species; this also involves synonymizing with one another the other two genera of family Corallimorphidae, Corynactis and Pseudocorynactis. The formal definitions of order Corallimorpharia and family Corallimorphidae are adjusted to be in parallel and hierarchical format.
查看更多>>摘要：The new species of anthozoan Corallimorphus niwa occurs at depths of 926-1773 m in seas around New Zealand. This new species shares with other members of Corallimorphus stiff and hyaline mesoglea, short column relative to its broad oral disc, and deep-sea habitat. It differs from other members of Corallimorphus in having an equal number of marginal and discal tentacles, the discal tentacles arrayed in multiple circlets. Groups of Corallimorphus are defined by tentacle array; C. niwa n. sp. characterizes the new niwa group. Two of the other five valid species of Corallimorphus (C. profundus and C. pilatus) constitute the profundus group, members of which have about four times as many marginal as discal tentacles, the discal tentacles arrayed in a single circlet; the three members of the rigidus group (C. rigidus, C. denhartogi, and C. ingens) have about twice as many marginal as discal tentacles, the discal tentacles arrayed in multiple circlets. The definition of genus Corallimorphus must be modified to accommodate this species; this also involves synonymizing with one another the other two genera of family Corallimorphidae, Corynactis and Pseudocorynactis. The formal definitions of order Corallimorpharia and family Corallimorphidae are adjusted to be in parallel and hierarchical format.
查看更多>>摘要：Anenterotrema Stunkard, 1938 is revised and a key to its recognized species is presented. Anenterotrema auritum Stunkart, 1938 (type-species), A eduardocaballeroi (Freitas, 1960) Caballero, 1960, A. liliputianum (Travassos, 1928) Caballero, 1964, A. stunkardi Caballero & Grocott, 1959 and A. mesolecitha Marshall & Miller, 1979 are redescribed based on their type material. Anenterotrema singulare Stunkart, 1938 is considered a synonym of A. auritum, A.freitasi Caballero, 1964 and A. auritum of Zdzitowiecki & Rutkowska (1980) synonyms of A. eduardocaballeroi, and A. eduardocaballeroi of Castiblanco & Velez (1982) conspecific with A. stunkardi.
查看更多>>摘要：Anenterotrema Stunkard, 1938 is revised and a key to its recognized species is presented. Anenterotrema auritum Stunkart, 1938 (type-species), A eduardocaballeroi (Freitas, 1960) Caballero, 1960, A. liliputianum (Travassos, 1928) Caballero, 1964, A. stunkardi Caballero & Grocott, 1959 and A. mesolecitha Marshall & Miller, 1979 are redescribed based on their type material. Anenterotrema singulare Stunkart, 1938 is considered a synonym of A. auritum, A.freitasi Caballero, 1964 and A. auritum of Zdzitowiecki & Rutkowska (1980) synonyms of A. eduardocaballeroi, and A. eduardocaballeroi of Castiblanco & Velez (1982) conspecific with A. stunkardi.
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