查看更多>>摘要：Eight new species of Acoela are reported including the first Acoela recorded from New Caledonia and the first acoel described from volcanic carbon dioxide vents. Pharyngia furva gen. et sp.nov. (Isodiametridae) and Philactinoposthia brevis sp.nov. (Actinoposthiidae) from the Red Sea; Childia curinii sp.nov. (Childiidae), Philactinoposthia ischiae sp.nov. and Philactinoposthia multipunctata sp.nov. from the Mediterranean; Philactinoposthia novaecaledoniae sp.nov., Childia aculifera sp.nov. and Solenofilomorpha justinei sp.nov. (Solenofilomorphidae) from the South Pacific are described. Nucleotide sequences for the nuclear ribosomal 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and the mitochondrial COI genes were determined for the new species and used in a Bayesian molecularphylogenetic analysis.
查看更多>>摘要：Parapercis lutevittata sp. nov., a new cryptic species closely related to Parapercis sexfasciata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843), is described from the western Pacific Ocean off Japan and Taiwan based on morphological and molecular evidences. It differs from congeners by having four to five large V-shaped transverse dark-brown bands over the upper side of the body, dorsal fin between the spinous and soft-rayed portions without a prominent notch, a large dark-brown blotch on the pectorahfin base, a largeblack spot over the caudal fin base, and a dark vertical band below the eye. The new species differs from its sympatric species P. sexfasciata in having an additional numerous small black dots on the base of the pectoral fin (versus with only a single large dark blotch in P. sexfasciata), small black dots scattered on area between the V-shaped transverse bands, absence of black spots on the base of the dorsal fin ray membrane, and one longitudinal yellow stripe on body sides when in fresh. In addition,the 633 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO I or COX 7) gene in DNA barcoding showed a deep 7.9% genetic divergence between these two similar species. The Neighbor-joining algorithm also revealed that the specimens of thesetwo species are clearly separated.
查看更多>>摘要：The larval development of Dugastella valentina consists of two zoeal stages and a decapodid. Larval stages are not free living; the complete larval development takes place in the female's incubation chamber. The two zoeae, the decapodid and first postlarval stages still have a large amount of yolk, which ensures their nutritional independence (lecithotrophic stages) while staying within the maternal incubation chamber and the first days after release. The first juvenile is the first free living stage. In the present study the morphology of all larval stages as well as the first juvenile are described and illustrated, and comparison with known larval stages of atyids is made.
查看更多>>摘要：The viviparous, bathyal fish genus Pseudonus (Teleostei, Bythitidae, Bythitinae) is known from the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Three species have been described, all based on 1-2 specimens: P. acutus Garman, 1899 from the tropical East Pacific, P. platycephalus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913) from the Indo-Australian area and P. squamiceps (Lloyd, 1907) from the Gulf of Aden. An additional 18 specimens have become available to justify this revision. The result has established the conspec-ificity of P. squamiceps and P. platycephalus with P. squamiceps the senior synomym of the two. The major differences between P. acutus and P. squamiceps are that the former has more dorsal (101-119 vs 95-102) and anal (74-85 vs 64-71) fin rays, more vertebrae (61-63 vs 55-58) and lacking pelvic fin rays (ys one of 15 specimens lacks pelvic fin rays). This is the first record of P. squamiceps from Australian waters.
查看更多>>摘要：Asher & Helgen (2010) recently proposed some rules for naming animal taxa above the family level—names that are currently unregulated. They suggested that strict priority be used as a criterion for high-level names and that such priority be based ongroup content rather than the procedure used for low-level taxa, anchored to constituent taxa. Authorship of a high-level name thus may vary in a complex way depending on content. While it is true that taxonomic codes are always in need of improvement, the lack of regulation of high-level names has not caused major problems. Originality, priority, stability, and other common sense considerations usually come to play in a process that can be described as community consensus. Their proposed system would lead to less stability because names would lack both permanent anchors (e.g., types) and permanent authors, and would be based on something (group content) susceptible to change with time. Furthermore, name selection may frequently conflict with common usage, leading to confusion and instability. An example of the problems with these rules is their preferred name for the order containing tenrecs and golden^rnoles, Tenrecoidea, which has a long history of different meanings (content). Instead, the most commonly used name, Afrosoricida, is also preferred because it does not have that confusing history and has a more typical suffix (-a) for a mammalian order.
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