查看更多>>摘要：In the present study a number of scorpions from Iran classified under the name of Mesobuthus eupeus (C.L. Koch, 1839) were considered. Currently, M. eupeus includes at least 14 described subspecies with no concrete taxonomic position. Here, this species is redescribed based on new specimens collected from Iran. In addition, multivariate statistical analyses were performed to investigate the degree of intraspecific morphological divergence of M. eupeus based on six Iranian subspecies. The results of morphological comparisons and univariate and multivariate statistical analyses confirm the high phenotypic variability within this species. The data presented here revealed two distinct groups: I. M. e. phillipsi and, II. Including five subspecies namely, M. e. eupeus, M. e. philippovitschi, M. e. thersites M. e. afghanus and M. e. kirmanensis. The results of this study clearly confirm the hypothesis that M. eupeus is a polytypic species complex and possibly includes more than one valid species. Therefore, according to comparative morphological analysis, M. e. phillipsi was raised to the species level.
查看更多>>摘要：The New Zealand species of the amphipod crustacean genus Mallacoota are revised. Previous records of Mallacoota subcarinata (Haswell, 1879) from New Zealand are based on a new species, Mallacoota chiltoni sp. nov. and M. petriei (Thomson, 1882), which is re-established as valid based on a neotype. Mallocoota chiltoni apparently has a southern distribution in New Zealand, occurring only south of the Subtropical Convergence, whereas M. petriei ranges widely in both the north and south islands. A history of the genus Mallacoota in New Zealand is given.
查看更多>>摘要：A new austroniphargid amphipod Sandro straussi sp. n. (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Austroniphargus family group) is described on a large collection from forest streams of the Ranomafana National Park, South-East Madagascar. The new species differs from theonly known congener, S. starmuehlneri (Ruffo, 1960), by the absence of dorsal spine-setae on telson, unlobed propodus of gnathopods, presence of distal bifurcation on posterior lobe of male uropod 3 peduncle and other characters. The unique feature of S.straussi sp. n. is the sexual dimorphism of uropods 1 and 3: males of the species possess a distolateral lobe on the uropod 1 peduncle and mentioned bifurcated lobe on uropod 3. Despite the absence of eyes, S. straussi sp. n. is widely distributed in epigean stream of the Ranomafana National Park. The diagnosis of the genus Sandro Karaman & Barnard, 1979 is revised and a key to austroniphargid species is composed.
查看更多>>摘要：The terrestrial snail genus Ganesella Blanford, 1863, sensu lacio by Zilch (1959-1960), is mainly distributed in the Oriental region from Japan, through south of the Yangtze of China to South-east and South Asia. Most of these land snails are endemicspecies with narrow geographic distribution (Tryon 1888; Pilsbry 1894; Zilch 1959-1960, 1966; Richardson 1985, Chen & Gao 1987; Azuma 1995). The genus is characterized in having thin, smooth or weakly ridged shell, slightly descent body whorl in front, toothless aperture, expanded to reflected lips, long and narrow foot, long penis with a caecum (= penial appendix) and a flagellum. However, the anatomical characters of the type species, G. capitium Benson, 1848, are still wanting. A major part of its members have been assigned to different genus according to shell characters. The species in East-Asia, i.e., Japan, Korea and Taiwan, were assigned to the genus Satsuma (+ syn. Coniglobus Pilsbry & Hirase, 1906 and Luchuhadra Kuroda & Habe, 1949). About 100 species are still catalogued in Ganesella (Richardson 1985).
查看更多>>摘要：Physalaemus is recognized as an important system for the study of mechanisms and evolution of animal communication, especially because of studies involving the P. pustulosus species group. Physalaemus ephippifer is considered, together with P. fischeri (enesefae) and an undescribed species, to be the most similar species to the P. pustulosus group in external morphology, osteology, and characteristics of the call. Because of this, P. ephippifer has been included as an outgroup in studies to interpretpatterns of signal-receiver evolution in the genus. Whereas details of the advertisement call structure of P. fischeri have been described (Tarano 2001), information (e.g., detailed graphic representation and range of variation) on P. ephippifer calls remains unavailable.
查看更多>>摘要：Trochilus maria Gosse, 1849, was described from a specimen obtained by Richard Hill from the "mountains of Manchester," most likely the Don Figueroa Mountains in Manchester Parish, Jamaica (Rapkin, 1851). Gosse (1849a: 258) quoted field notes from Hill stating that the specimen "was startled from a nest in which were two young ones, and was obtained by charging some of the blossoms of the mountain-pride (Spathelia simplex) on which it was feeding, with minute doses of strychnine. As soon as it suckedfrom one of the poisoned chalices, it fluttered, and fell dead." Gosse (1849a: 258) provided a detailed plumage description (see below) and summarized, "It is near to Polytmus, but differs from it in the inferior length of its beak, and in the colours of the plumage; but being apparently young, it is impossible to say what the adult condition may prove. I am happy however to fortify my own judgment by that of Mr. Gould, who on my showing it to him decidedly pronounced it new."
NADIR ALI BIRMANIALI MURTAZA DHAREJOMUHAMMAD MUNIF KHAN
5页
查看更多>>摘要：As a consequence of geographical and climate factors, a high percentage of Pakistan's bird fauna is migratory with a great number of Palearctic winter visitors which come to exploit the improved availability of food. Palearctic winter visitors normally are species, mainly from Soviet Union, represented by non-breeding individuals. The Black Coot, Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758 (Gruiformes: Rallidae), comes to Pakistan from Siberia in winter (October-March) each year. Fulica atra is an omnivore that feedson pondweeds, invertebrates, seeds, fruit and variety of small live prey, including eggs of other water birds. Birds are found mainly on freshwater lakes, reservoirs, rivers and town park lakes and they have also been found living in man-made ponds in Pakistan. These habitats provide favorable environment for breeding as well as the development of populations of snails, crustaceans and insect fauna, which enhances likelihood of acquiring parasitic infection.
NADIR ALI BIRMANIALI MURTAZA DHAREJOMUHAMMAD MUNIF KHAN
5页
查看更多>>摘要：As a consequence of geographical and climate factors, a high percentage of Pakistan's bird fauna is migratory with a great number of Palearctic winter visitors which come to exploit the improved availability of food. Palearctic winter visitors normally are species, mainly from Soviet Union, represented by non-breeding individuals. The Black Coot, Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758 (Gruiformes: Rallidae), comes to Pakistan from Siberia in winter (October-March) each year. Fulica atra is an omnivore that feedson pondweeds, invertebrates, seeds, fruit and variety of small live prey, including eggs of other water birds. Birds are found mainly on freshwater lakes, reservoirs, rivers and town park lakes and they have also been found living in man-made ponds in Pakistan. These habitats provide favorable environment for breeding as well as the development of populations of snails, crustaceans and insect fauna, which enhances likelihood of acquiring parasitic infection.
NSTL