查看更多>>摘要：Hemipenes of species in the North American colubrid genus Phyllorhynchus are describe^. Contrary to previous reports of a divided sulcus spermaticus, both species have an unusual morphology in which the lips of the sulcus diverge near the apex so thatthe sulcus groove opens into an extensive apical nude region. Two distinctive hemipenial morphologies were discovered within P. browni, which may signal unresolved systematic issues. Phyllorhynchus hemipenes are additionally unusual for colubrids in having calyces reduced (P. decurtatus) or absent (P browni). These features resemble some natricid hemipenes, which are reviewed in order to make detailed comparisons. That review led to a reassessment of some hemipenial characters of natricids and the recognition of several novelties, including calyces in Rhabdophis and a peculiar lobular pocket in Xenochrophis cerasogaster. I conclude that the resemblance of the sulcus configurations in Phyllorhynchus and natricids is only superficial and therefore convergent. Other evidence supports the phylogenetic placement of Phyllorhynchus with Colubridae, for which the sulcus configuration, highly reduced calyces, and extensive apical nude areas are unusual. Relationships of Phyllorhynchus within Colubridae are unclear, but the genus shares with Salvador a an unusual morphology of the rostral scale and nude hemipenial apices. However, in other respects Salvadyra and Phyllorhynchus differ greatly in morphology and ecology.
FRANCISCO KOLENCCECILIA GUERRADIEGO BALDOSERGIO ROSSET...
17页
查看更多>>摘要：The Rhinella granulosa group currently includes 12 species distributed eastern to the Andes, from Panama to central Argentina. We studied bioacoustic features of the advertisement calls in seven of these species: Rhinella azarai, R. bergi, R. centralis, R. dorbignyi, R. fernandezae, R. major, and R. merianae. In addition, we analyzed the release calls of R. azarai, R. bergi, R. dorbignyi, and R. fernandezae. The advertisement calls consisted of long trills, composed by notes with a variable pulse number (2-8) that was characteristic of each species. The release calls consisted of a single note, pulsed or not. Both advertisement and release calls clearly varied between species, except for R. dorbignyi and R. fernandezae. The study of specimens sharing exosomatic characters with R. bergi and R. major from a syntopy area, which presented intermediate spectral and temporal call parameters, confirmed natural hybridization between these two species.
查看更多>>摘要：This paper reviews a group of hermaphroditic Ophryotrocha species, here designated as the O. diadema group. This informal group is characterised by its unique P-maxillae and paired mammillate rosette glands. The three members of the group are simultaneous hermaphrodites and have the chromosome complement of 2n = 8. As herein defined, the group includes O. diadema, O. alborana sp. nov., and O. birgittae sp. nov.. The three species can be distinguished by the appearance of their eyes and other morphological and reproductive differences. The species are described, and their life table data is presented.
VINICIUS AVELAR SAO-PEDROPEDRO HENRIQUE MEDEIROSADRIAN ANTONIO GARDA
3页
查看更多>>摘要：The Rhinella granulosa species group was taxonomically reviewed by Gallardo (1965) and most recently by Narvaes and Rodrigues (2009). This last review recognized twelve species {Rhinella granulosa, R. pygmaea, R. bergi, R. major, R. mirandaribeiroi, R. azarai, R. nattereri, R. fernandezae, R. dorbignyi, R. merianae, R. humboldti, R. centralis) distributed along the open habitats of South America and Panarha (Narvaes & Rodrigues, 2009). Recently, a new species (R. bernardoi) was described from San Juan province, in Argentina (Sanabria et al., 2010). Both revisions and the description paper were based on morphological and morphometric characteristics. Despite the relevance of acoustic parameters in anuran taxonomy, the advertisement call of only one species of the R. granulosa group has been formally described. Kohler et al (1997) described the vocalization of Rhinella major from Bolivia, considered at that moment as the subspecies Bufo granulosus mini. Herein we describe the advertisement call of Rhinella granulosa, a species occurring in the Caatinga domain of northeastern Brazil according to Narvaes and Rodriguez (2009).
查看更多>>摘要：Hedges (2011) recently published a critique of our 2010 BMC Evolutionary Biology article (Asher and Helgen 2010) in which he expressed a preference for the name Afrosoricida Stanhope et al. 1998 to signify the mammalian clade of tenrecs (Tenrecidae) and golden moles (Chrysochloridae). He disagreed with what he claimed to be our rationale for preferring another name for this group, Tenrecoidea McDowell 1958. Here is his portrayal of our taxonomic philosophy: "[Asher & Helgen] suggested that strict priority be used as a criterion for high-level names and that such priority be based on group content rather than the procedure used for low-level taxa, anchored to constituent taxa. ... [They] have proposed a radical departure from convention" (Hedges 2011
NSTL