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Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences
Medwell Journals
Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences

Medwell Journals

1816-949X

Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences/Journal Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences
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    Development the Performance of the Rubbery Discharge Part in Flexo-Pump System

    Nada Y. HassanMalia M. FarhanNabel Kadum Abd-Ali
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要:Polymer chains are reinforced by the addition of suitable reinforcement materials to improve performance properties such as mechanical, physical and chemical properties. Presents research include experimental test such as specific gravity, rheological and flexing test were used to evaluate several rubber recipes contain natural and synthetic rubber. The reinforcing materials such as silica and carbon black were also used to enhance the bonding of the rubber chains. N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole-sulfonamide, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide and (N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide were used in addition two types of vulcanization system. The experimental and theoretical results were evaluated and compared with the results of the standard recipe that currently used to produce the rubbery part of flexo-pump system and showed that the increasing in the reinforcing material loading led to increasing the specific gravity, also the increasing in natural rubber loading led to increase the flexing resistance. Moreover, the use of specific grade of black carbon (such as N330) causes the similar improvement while the use of silica in specific quantities (50% of carbon black) gives different effects for all attempts. Some of new recipes gave excellent results comparing with the standard recipe. Some recipes were the safest because they have the highest scorch time ts _( 2 ) while other recipe probably considered is the most economical because it has the lowest curing time ts _( 90 ) .

    Modification of Activated Carbon Derived from Cyperus Papyrus Plant

    Mohamed F. AteyaaMohsin A.A. Ldokheliy
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要:Activated carbon from papyrus plant was prepared by the chemical activation with sulfuric acid 3:1 (wt./wt.). The prepared activated carbon then burningat 600°C under N _( 2 ) atmosphere for 2 h. The produce coded AC _( 0 ) , further modification of AC _( 0 ) by using different oxidizing and reducing solutions. The solutions were a (mixture NaNO _( 3 ) with KMnO _( 4 ) in 10% H _( 2 ) SO _( 4 ) coded (AC _( 1 ) ) 10% ZnCl _( 2 ) coded (AC _( 2 ) ) 10% NaBH _( 4 ) coded (AC _( 3 ) ) 10% HNO _( 3 ) coded (AC _( 4 ) ). Characterization propertiesforthe prepared activated carbons (AC _( 0 ) -AC _( 4 ) ) were accomplished using techniques including FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA and BET. BET showed a substantial increase in the surface area of AC _( 2 ) , AC _( 3 ) , accompanied by reduced intensities of certain IR vibrations (1720, 3420 cm ~( -1 ) ) as well as absence of pronounced peak at 2θ = 25 in XRD. While samples prepared by the treatment with oxidizing reagent showed a noticeable increase in the intensity of IR band at 3420 cm ~( -1 ) as well as emergence of vibration band at 1720 cm ~( -1 ) . Moreover, the peak at 2θ = 25 were showed an increase in the intensity. The pore volume showed variable behavior depending on the type of the reagent used for the treatment. However, the pore volume increased by the treatment with NaBH _( 4 ) and decreased by the treatment with NaNO _( 3 ) /KMnO _( 4 ) solution. The TGA thermographs were with a good accordance with pore volume indicating a high carbon percentage more than 82% by the end of heating cycle and departure of volatile hydrocarbons as a result of treatment with reducing agents particularly NaBH _( 4 ) right from the beginnings.

    Preparation of CdO-TiO<su>2</sub> Nanocomposite Thin Films and Study Their Structural and Optical Properties

    Ahmed K. Abass
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要:Nanocomposite CdO-TiO _( 2 ) thin films had been deposited on conductive glass (ITO) at calcination temperatures in the range 350-650°C via. doctor blading method. The structural, morphological, compositional and optical properties have been characterized via XRD, SEM, AFM, EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD patterns display the rhombohedral structure and crystalline nature of the films. All films were nanometerials according to Scherrer equation in XRD analysis. SEM images disclose the homogenous films in the form of densely packed nanoparticles. AFM analysis illustrated that both the surface roughness and grain size increase barely with growing temperature. EDS analysis confirms the presence of oxygen, cadmium and titanium elements with the function of cadmium-rich and titanium-poor. Agreeing with Tauc plots, optical band gaps of CdO-TiO _( 2 ) films are envisioned to be 1.25-0.9 eV.

    Multi-Objective Optimization to Improve Surface Integrity in WEDM of AL/WC<sub>p</sub> Metal Matrix Composites Using Grey Relational Analysis

    Saad Hameed Al-Shafaie
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要:Demand for low weight to strength ratio for specific application in aerospace components and automobile created a field for advance studies on Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). The main response selected to evaluate the processes are White Layer Thickness (WLT) and Surface Crack Density (SCD) whereas the corresponding machining conditions are discharge current (I _( p ) ), Voltage (V), pulse on Time (T _( on ) ) and pulse off Time (T _( off ) ). Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) process is principally with multi response, thus, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is especially adopted to decide the optimum combination of machining parameters of Al6061 reinforced with volume fraction of 10% WC _( p ) . Design of experiments was carried out based on a standard L _( 27 ) orthogonal array of Taguchi method. Minitab16 Software was performed to analyze the results obtained from experimental runs at confidence level 95%. For the present experimental study, it is observed that WLT and SCD are mainly affected by all process parameters except T _( off ) has little effect on the SCD. The values corresponding to the response parameters were calculated using mathematical formulas and confirmed by the verification experiment. The values of confirmation tests, all being found to be quite satisfactory (10.92% in the worst case), prove the efficacy and reliability of the suggested approach.

    Recommendation System to Improve Time Management for People in Education Environments

    Samaher Al-JanabiMahdi Abed SalmanAhmed Fanfakh
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要:The subject of time management is important and useful in different fields of our life and society as a whole. It is considered as an invaluable factor if utilized correctly. This study aims to design a Time Management Recommendation System (TMRS) for Educational Environment (EE) to provide their students, employees and academic staff an effective way to exploit their time. We will build a system consist of 6 steps: set a questionnaire, it consists of 50 questions. These questions explain how each person deals with the time, distribute the questionnaire among target categories (student, academic staff and employees) in EE using a web link and collect their responses in real time, pre-processing target categories responses by transforming from them from descriptive to digital answer to help deal with these data that will be used to build the fitted model and the most important questions were determined in this phase. Design suitable model for all the 800 response samples used in testing for the all three group of people in EE in this step, design model shows the relationship between the response of academic staff and employees, other model show the relationship between the response of academic staff and students, final model show the fitted model among the response of academic staff employees and students. The TMRS Model performance was evaluated using two types of statistical measures and each one has 5 measures. By another words, the model accuracy will be tested using ten measures, these measures include five measures generated by a confusion matrix, namely: Accuracy (AC), recall or True Positive rate (TP), Precision (P), F-measure and (considers both precision and recall) and Fb. In addition, five error measures, namely: Maximum Error (ME, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Finally, generate different recommendations compactable with the fitted model, these recommendations split into four groups. The findings and analysis of this research can provide a way for the target categories to gather useful information about probable trouble areas, possible areas for development and what to do to manage, use, plan, exploit and get the maximum value from their time.

    The Morphological and Rheological Behavior of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles Filled Virgin and Waste Polypropylene

    Nizar Jawad HadiNajim A. SaadDhey Jawad Mohamed
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要:This study investigated the morphological and rheological properties of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO _( 3 ) ) nanoparticles reinforce virgin Polypropylene (PP) and its waste. PP and CaCO _( 3 ) nanoparticles in the content of (3, 5, 7 and 10 wt.%) were mixed by melt extrusion in a twin screw extruder at different screw speeds 25 and 50 rpm at 190°C. Different microstructure and morphological techniques (X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy) were used to evaluate the effect of the additive percentage (CaCO _( 3 ) ) and the processing condition (screw speed) on the microstructure of the nanocomposite. The rheological behavior (Melt Flow Rate (MFR) and Melt Volume Rate (MVR)) is tested using Melt Flow Index (MFI) device. MFR of the new modified composite are tested due to the nanoparticles concentration, loads, temperatures and rotating speed while MVR was tested at different CaCO _( 3 ) nanoparticles percentage at 2.16 kg. Shear rate and viscosity are predicted according to the MFR values. The results shows that the crystallinity was increasing with the CaCO _( 3 ) nanoparticles percentage increasing while the results of FESEM show that CaCO _( 3 ) nanoparticles distribution in PP matrix at 25 rpm is more homogenous and less agglomeration than at 50 rpm. The value of MFR and MVR were increasing for virgin PP while decreasing for waste PP _( . ) at 25 and 50 rpm.

    On the Lindel of Spaces by Using coc-r-Open Sets

    Raad Aziz Hussain Al-AbdullaFadhel Attala Shneef
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要:The purpose of this research is to extend and study types of topological spaces as Lindelof spaces by using coc-r-open sets. In this study, we study and introduce the concepts of coc-r-open sets. A special intrest types of spaces called coc-r-Lindelof and I-coc-r-Lindelof are studied and obtain some of their basic properties.We introduce new types of functions using coc-r-open sets. Moreover, the relation between Lindelof, I-Lindelof, coc-r-Lindelof and I-coc-r-Lindelof spaces are studied and investigated the topological properties of them using coc-r-open sets.

    An Investigation of the Moderating Impact of the Project Complexity on the Effect of Leadership Style on the Internal Success of Construction Organization in Jordan

    Alzoubie Yazan
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要:One of the most important facets of managing a construction company is leadership. Although, the issue of leadership has been widely covered in management or business school, a lack of attention has been given in the field of the reconstruction industry. This study explores the effect of the project complexity on the relationship between the leadership and internal success of construction projects. Hypothesis testing in this study includes collection data of 172 operational and middle management managers from construction organization in Jordan. Then interpretation of with SEM-PLS for data analysis. Quantitative data were collected with distributing the questionnaires with hard copy and soft copy among the sample of analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability, correlation and structural equation modelling. The finding of the study demonstrates that there is a relationship between project management leadership style and the internal success of project, except the transactional leadership style. According to the study, transformational leadership has the most influence on internal project success. As well, it reveals that the project complexity as moderator does not have impact on internal project success.

    Corrosion Protection of 316L Stainless Steel by HA Coating via. Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique

    Abdul Wahid RajihNawal Mohammed DawoodFarah Sami Rasheed
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要:Austenetic stainless steel AISI 316L are frequently used as orthopedic implants because their mechanical properties and formability. In this research, a film of Hydroxyapatite (HA) was prepared by a PLD technique on 316L SS. HA was pressed at pressure (150 MPa) with partical size (2.745 μm) and used as a target in the coating. Effects of the number pulses (3000, 4500 and 6000) on the coating layer properties have been studied. Effects of the annealing temperature (450°C) for 1 h and under an empty atmosphere on the coating layer properties have been studied, also. The microstructure and composition of the coating were analyses by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The mechanical property of the coating was evaluated by Vickers micro hardness test. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors and Ni ions release of uncoated and coated samples with different number of pulses in synthetic saliva and hanks solution were also, investigated. The XRD analysis of coated sample indicate the formation of the HA layer. SEM results shows evident improvement in microstructure and grow HA film with increasing in pulses number. In bioactivity test the percentage of (Ca ) and (P) are increased significantly after 14 days immersion in SBF which confirms that the samples are bioactive. A significant corrosion test results show that the corrosion rate after HA coating decreased from (2.1370*10-3 mpy) for uncoated sample into (0.05110*10-3 mpy) for coated sample in synthetic saliva. And from (9.26221*10-3 mpy ) for uncoated sample into (0.34206*10-3 mpy) for coated sample in Hanks solution. The Ni release test shows that the amount of releasing Ni decreased from (0.56716 ppm) for uncoated samples into (0.11940 ppm) for coated sample in synthetic saliva. And Ni ions decreased from (10.4179 ppm) for uncoated samples into (0.2686 ppm) for coated sample in Hanks solution and another interesting increase in biocompatibility was achieved during the research for the coated sample compare to the uncoated 316L stainless steel sample.

    Influence of Ferroelectric Nanoparticles on Liquid Crystal Polymer Nanocomposites and Studying their Electro-Optic Response

    Khalid Al. AmmarLina Abd Oun Al-Jamal
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要:In this study, research the effect of ferroelectric nanoparticles (Sn _( 2 ) P _( 2 ) S _( 6 ) ) on electro-optical properties of liquid crystalline polymer (consisting of a polymer polysiloxane with a side chain). Using five different molecular weights of molecular weight ranging from (1.7H10 ~( 6 ) -3.1H10 ~( 3 ) ) and the percentage of material nanoparticles Sn _( 2 ) P _( 2 ) S _( 6 ) added equal to all molecular weights, it has been noted that the voltages increase with increasing molecular weight and when less the value of the intensity we get the operating voltage. Measured the optic response times (τ ~( on ) ) when current is switched on (under the electric field) and has also been measured when the electric current is switched off (τ ~( 0ff ) ) (the electrical field is removed) by calculating the time period between two stages under the effect of the electrical field. The performance of the electro optical cells has improved after add the ferroelectric nanoparticles (Sn _( 2 ) P _( 2 ) S _( 6 ) ) would reduce the contribution of the dipole moment of the cyano-group parallel to the molecular long axis of the mesogeic unit. The density of mesognic unit the few on polymer chaine and lead to a increases of dielectric anisotropic Δε and therefore, improved backbone mobility for the system. The variation of the threshold voltage is measure at constant ladders below (nematic-isotropic) transition temperature TIN for series of polymers.