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Psychology of religion and spirituality
American Psychological Association
Psychology of religion and spirituality

American Psychological Association

1941-1022

Psychology of religion and spirituality/Journal Psychology of religion and spiritualityAHCI
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    Differential Effects From Aspects of Religion on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting

    Kroeger, ChristophBeller, Johannes
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Religion has been seen as one of the most important predictors of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), yet there are almost no studies that empirically examine how religion affects the parents' decision to subject their daughters to FGM/C. Thus, the authors investigated how several aspects of religiosity-religious affiliation, prayer frequency, religious service attendance, religious fundamentalism, perceived governmental unfairness toward one's own religious group, and perceived religious suppression-contribute to the parents' decision for FGM/C. They analyzed randomly sampled cross-sectional data of African parents from 19 Sub-Saharan countries with a sample size of N = 13,077. The overall prevalence rate of parents having any of their daughters circumcised was 20%, varying per country from 1% (Cameroon) to 88% (Mali). Participants belonging to a traditional African religion reported the highest prevalence of FGM/C with 62%, followed by Muslim parents with 34%, unaffiliated parents with 14%, and Christian parents with an FGM/C rate of 10%. Using multilevel logistic regression, we found that parents' decision for FGM/C was predicted by religious affiliation, lower prayer frequency, higher religious service attendance, higher perceived governmental unfairness, being older, and a lower level of education, but not by religious fundamentalism, perceived religious suppression, and gender. Thus, religiosity has differential effects on the parents' decision for FGM/C: Although on its own, praying decreases the likelihood that parents will subject their daughters to FGM/C, the social aspects of religiosity increase this likelihood.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Educational Publishing Foundation-American Psychological Assoc

    Drawn to the Light: Predicting Religiosity Using "God Is Light" Metaphor

    Persich, Michelle R.Steinemann, BeckerFetterman, Adam K.Robinson, Michael D....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：A prominent class of metaphors depicts that which is sacred (God, a spiritual path) in terms of lightness rather than darkness. Metaphors of this type should have systematic implications for religious cognition according to conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) and a new extension of this theory termed balanced CMT. Five studies (total N = 761) derived predictions from these models and then tested them. Consistent with balanced CMT, Studies 1-3 found that people who preferred light to dark believed in God to a greater extent and were more religious. Furthermore, priming thoughts related to God shifted perceptual responses in a light-ward direction (Study 4), and models wearing lighter, relative to darker, shirts were inferred to be more religious (Study 5). The findings provide novel evidence for the importance of light-dark metaphors in religious representations while highlighting a new class of processes that covary with, and therefore predict, religious belief.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Educational Publishing Foundation-American Psychological Assoc

    Theistic Relational Spirituality: Development, Dynamics, Health, and Transformation

    Sharp, CarissaGranqvist, PehrDavis, Edward B.
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Most of the world's population identify as religious or spiritual, and most religiously affiliated believers identify with one of the world's major monotheistic traditions: Christianity, Islam, or Judaism. Within each of these traditions, especially Christianity, one important aspect of many believers' religion/spirituality is how they view and relate with God. The purpose of this paper is to describe a model of theistic relational spirituality (i.e., the ways monotheistic believers view and relate with God) that integrates theory and research from the fields of psychology, attachment, social cognition, and interpersonal neurobiology. We argue that theistic relational spirituality comprises two main types of God representations: doctrinal (primarily explicit and affect-light) and experiential (primarily implicit and affect-laden) representations. From an attachment perspective, we discuss the development and dynamics (e.g., context-dependence) of these God representations. We propose that doctrinal- experiential congruence forms the basis of a healthy theistic relational spirituality, when it is contextually adaptive, consistent across time and situations, and aligned with the theistic believer's behaviors. We also delineate potentially adaptive transformation of less healthy forms of theistic relational spirituality. Lastly, we discuss ways in which this model of theistic relational spirituality might direct future research.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Educational Publishing Foundation-American Psychological Assoc

    A Camel Through the Eye of a Needle: The Influence of the Prosperity Gospel on Financial Risk-Taking, Optimistic Bias, and Positive Emotion

    Hobson, Nicholas M.Kim, Juensung J.MacDonald, Geoff
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The prosperity gospel is one of the fastest growing religious movements in America. With popularized figures like Joel Osteen and Creflo Dollar performing services to sold-out stadiums, new converts are drawn by the optimism-infused messages of positivity and financial wealth. Here we offer a formal scientific test of prosperity gospel's impact on psychological functioning. In 2 experiments, we tested a set of hypotheses related to the prosperity gospel's effects on financial risk-taking and positivity bias. The findings revealed that prosperity gospel messages generate heightened optimistic bias (Experiments 1 and 2), high arousal positive affect (Experiment 2), and financial risk-taking (Experiment 1). The results also indicated that even a secularized version of prosperity gospel leads to positivity bias, for both theists and atheists. This suggests the effectiveness of prosperity gospel lies in its ability to evoke positive states rather than communicate specifically religious teachings.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Educational Publishing Foundation-American Psychological Assoc

    Apostasy and Conversion: Attachment Orientations and Individual Differences in the Process of Religious Change

    Greenwald, YaakovMikulincer, MarioGranqvist, PehrShaver, Phillip R....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：We studied attachment-related variations in the process of apostasy (abandonment of religion) and compared these variations to those occurring in religious conversion. A sample of 280 Israeli Jews who had undergone religious change (apostasy or conversion) completed scales assessing attachment orientations, themes/motives and other characteristics of religious change, and well-being. Attachment orientations had similar associations with the two forms of religious change. Specifically, attachment anxiety was associated with reports of more sudden changes, more rejection of parents' religiosity, and more emotional compensation themes. Attachment-related avoidance was associated with weaker exploration and socialization themes. Moreover, compensation themes, for both forms of religious change, were associated with lower well-being at present and a heightened link between attachment anxiety and distress. Socialization themes were related to greater well-being at present and a weakened link between attachment anxiety and distress. Implications for an attachment-theoretical approach to the study of life transformations are discussed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Educational Publishing Foundation-American Psychological Assoc

    Green as the Gospel: The Power of Stewardship Messages to Improve Climate Change Attitudes

    Shin, FaithPreston, Jesse L.
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Three studies (N = 1,389) investigate how attitudes toward the environment and climate change may be informed by stewardship beliefs (care for the Earth as a sacred religious duty) or dominion beliefs (God-given dominance over nature). Pro-environmental measures were positively associated with stewardship belief and negatively associated with dominion belief, moderated by religiosity (Study 1). When religious participants read passages from the Bible supporting stewardship, they expressed greater concern for climate change, compared with those who read dominion messages or a control passage (Study 2). Reading the Pro-environmental encyclical by Pope Francis increased participants' belief in and moralization of climate change, but this was moderated by favorable attitudes toward the Pope. These findings suggest that environmental attitudes can be shaped by views of religious authorities and present an optimistic view that environmental stewardship can be used to improve concern for climate change among religious believers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Educational Publishing Foundation-American Psychological Assoc

    The Interrelationships Between Spiritual Resources and Work Engagement

    Bickerton, Grant R.Miner, Maureen H.
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Work engagement is a positive affective-motivational state of fulfilment that predicts numerous positive occupational outcomes. Previous research has demonstrated that spiritual resources function as a category of personal resources that have unique antecedent effects on work engagement among clergy and other religious workers. However, an aggregate spiritual resources construct may mask interrelationships between spiritual resources and specific independent effects. This study tested a series of hypothesized interrelationships between the spiritual resources of attachment to God, calling, and religious coping styles, and work engagement among a population of Australian vocational religious workers. Results of item-level structural equation modeling using cross-sectional data (N = 309) demonstrate that attachment to God dimensions are related to both the presence of a calling and different styles of religious coping employed in the religious work context, but the influence of attachment to God on work engagement is fully mediated by its relationship to calling and collaborative religious coping. An independent data set using a split half technique (N = 308) confirmed these findings, which were also found to be robust when controlling for the effects of personality dimensions and common method bias. The study's significance lies in disentangling specific relationships between the spiritual resources of a secure attachment to God, calling, and collaborative religious coping, and their distinct effects on the well-being of religious workers. Notably, attachment to God emerged as a key resource that appears to influence the development and management of both calling and types of religious coping, which were directly associated with work engagement.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Educational Publishing Foundation-American Psychological Assoc

    Struggles Reported Integrating Intense Spiritual Experiences: Results From a Survey Using the Integration of Spiritually Transformative Experiences Inventory

    Brook, Marie Grace
    18页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the aftermath of spiritually transformative experiences (STEs-such as mystical experiences, near-death experiences, religious conversions, and kundalini awakenings), experiencers (STErs) have sometimes reported prolonged challenging integration processes. To date, there have not been any empirical studies of practices and approaches to addressing these struggles. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which practices STErs themselves utilized and found helpful. The Integration of Spiritually Transformative Experiences Inventory was created based on recommendations of 84 helpful practices proposed by four experienced clinicians. The 431 respondents were recruited through online STE networks and social media. Of those, 245 met criteria for integration as assessed by the 5-item Mental Health Inventory, and transformation as assessed by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form. Participants rated 80 of the 84 practices as helpful. Twelve practices were rated by all participants as essential (4.0 on a Likert scale of 1-4) including (a) practicing compassion, forgiveness, gratitude, and self-awareness; (b) exploring the unconscious; (c) finding serene environments; and (d) reading spiritual literature, praying, and sharing with another person. A key finding was that across a variety of STEs, there were high levels of agreement regarding the integration practices rated as helpful, and that psychiatric care and medication were usually not reported to be helpful (p < .001). The correlation between helpfulness and frequency of use showed that STErs gravitated intuitively to what was the most useful for them (p < .0001). Findings offer guidance for STErs themselves and the health care providers who serve them.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Educational Publishing Foundation-American Psychological Assoc

    Conversion Motifs Among Muslim Converts in the United States

    Snook, Daniel W.White, GentryHorgan, John G.Kleinmann, Scott M....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Although much is now known about religious conversion in general, there is still relatively little known about how and why conversion to Islam takes place in the United States. Expanding on previous research, the current study examines types of conversions among United States Muslim converts. Seventy-three converts to Islam, all United States residents, provided detailed qualitative descriptions of their personal experiences of religious conversion through a free-response item. Using consensus coding, multiple coders classified these responses according to Lofland and Skonovd's (1981) conversion motifs typology. Researchers also categorized responses using natural language processing and machine learning text analysis techniques. Results indicate that conversions to Islam in the United States have predominantly intellectual motifs. These results reinforce previous research findings, indicating that across cultures and temporal cohorts, converts to Islam tend to actively seek meaning and purpose, feel illuminated upon encountering Islam, and come to believe in Islam before they participate in its practices. Based on manual coding, 58.9% of our sample described their conversion experiences in ways that matched criteria for the intellectual motif. This was substantiated by the results of our computational text analysis, which found that 68.5% of conversion experiences semantically corresponded to the intellectual motif.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Educational Publishing Foundation-American Psychological Assoc

    The Many Faces of Evangelicalism: Identifying Subgroups Using Latent Class Analysis

    Lancaster, Steven L.Larson, MarionFrederickson, Joel
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The current study used latent class analysis to identify subgroups of collegiate Christian evangelicals and to compare them on a range of cross-sectional and longitudinal indicators of personal attitudes and campus climate. Items from the Interfaith Diversity Experiences and Attitudes Longitudinal Survey (IDEALS) formed the basis of this study. We identified 3 subgroups who differed in terms of their appreciation of outside groups, knowledge of other groups, and ratings of campus climate. Our results provide insight into the evangelical experience in higher education and provide additional support for the argument that "evangelical" should be viewed as a heterogeneous population.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Educational Publishing Foundation-American Psychological Assoc