查看更多>>摘要：Background: The evidence that the combination of elastic and weight resistance training acutely affects or improves resultant responses to conduit artery function is anecdotal. The aim of this study was to examine brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) before and after acute exercise when performed at 3 conditions of resistance. Methods: Fourteen healthy, untrained (inactive) male participants (Mean age ± SD: 20.6 ± 0.5 years) completed 3 sets of 15 repetitions of the single-arm curl exercise. Testing was executed on 3 separate days as follows: day 1 with a dumbbell alone (DA), day 2 with elastic tubing alone (EA), and day 3 with a dumbbell with elastic tubing (DWE). Testing was executed in random order. Within the DWE condition, the resistance provided by the elastic tubing was equivalent to 20% of the subjects' 15 repetition maximum (RM). A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was employed to evaluate different loading conditions on FMD. Results: The results demonstrated that FMD was significantly greater during DWE than during EA, DA, and at baseline FMD (p < 0.05). Moreover, brachial FMD improved from baseline in the DWE condition (to 21.5 ± 7.3%; p < 0.05) but not significantly in the EA condition (to 14.3 ± 4.4%; p > 0.05), and actually decreased significantly in the DA condition (to 8.3 ±3.1%; p <0.05). Conclusion: DWE exhibits notable efficacy for improving endothelial function in inactive men during the single arm curl exercise.
Theodoros G. PapaioannouCharalampos VlachopoulosMarianna KaramanouGregory Tsoucalas...
5页
查看更多>>摘要：During 19th century the term "cardiolith" was widely used to describe a cluster of cardiac entities that could cause sudden death. Blood clots, polypoid growths, microorganisms and inflammation were implicated. Scientists of the era described formations that could enter any heart chamber after having been formed in any portion of the cardiac substance and could provoke a deadly thrombus or embolus. While pathologist and bacteriologist Auguste Sheridan Delepine (1855-1921), was the first who used the term "cardiolith" in his treatise "Description of a cardiolith" in 1890, a series of researchers noted the phenomenon, forming the "School of Cardiolithists".
Saeed NazemiAtefeh RezapourSeyed Mohammad Hasan MoallemMohammad Afshar...
6页
查看更多>>摘要：Background: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is utilized as an important tool for the global risk assessment of cardiovascular events in individuals with intermediate risk. BMP-2 is a powerful inducer of bone formation and exposure to BMP-2 in the arteries leads to the loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) markers and increase gene expression in favor of oste-oblasts. BMP-7 is key factor in the bone and kidney and is suggested as inhibitor of vascular calcification. The main purpose of this clinical study was to find out the correlation between BMP-2 and BMP-7serum concentration and CAC in human for the first time. Methods: In this study 84 patients with coronary artery disease who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria, entered the study. For all patients a questionnaire consisting demographic data and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were completed. CT-Angiography was carried out to determine coronary artery calcium score and ELISA method was used for measuring BMP-2 and BMP-7serum concentrations. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between BMP-2 serum concentration and total CAC score and also CAC of right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending (LAD), circumflex (CX), left main coronary artery (LMCA) (P < 0.05). Similar result was found for BMP-7 serum concentration except in LMCA (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Based on our results, we can suggest BMP-2 and BMP-7 serum concentration as a probable biomarker for coronary artery disease. However, more studies with higher sample size are necessary for its confirmation.
查看更多>>摘要：Background: Recently, atherosclerosis-associated disease has been reported simultaneously increased. Whereas, to date, no atherosclerosis vaccine is available. Since the epitope mimicry between malondialdehyde low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) and arginine specific epitope gingipain (Rgp) on the Porphyromonas gingivalis vesicles has been reported, it raises an opportunity to employ the potency of P. gingivalis as an atherosclerosis vaccine. Objective: To evaluate the potency of P. gingivalis vesicles to prevent atherosclerosis, by assessing MDA-LDL level, visceral fat, body weight, and aortic wall thickness, in rats model. Methods: Five groups of rats (n = 10 per group), three treatment groups, one positive and negative control group were assigned and adapted with high fat diet for 8 weeks. The treatment groups were injected with P. gingivalis vesicles with and without adjuvant with four booster doses. The level of MDA-LDL serum, visceral fat, body weight, and aortic wall thickness were measured in the end of the course. Results: Our present study found that decreased in MDA-LDL levels (p = 0.037) and aortic wall thickness (p = 0.016) were observed in rats treated with vesicles and adjuvants, but not with vesicles or adjuvants only, compared to negative control. Moreover, MDA-LDL levels in rats immunized with vesicles and adjuvants were significantly lower than healthy rats. However, body weight (p = 0.329 and visceral fat (p = 0.789) were not significantly different in all treatment groups compared to control.Conclusions: Immunization with P. gingivalis vesicles and adjuvants significantly reduces MDA-LDL level and aortic wall thickness in rats model.
查看更多>>摘要：Background: High-intensity training has become increasingly popular in recent years but the exact effects of high intensity running on the hemodynamic system are not entirely understood and it is unknown whether the aerobic training status of the subjects might influence these hemodynamic reactions. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate whether the acute reactions of peripheral and central blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness (AS) to a maximal running exercise depend the training status of the subjects. Methods: 41 healthy subjects were recruited. Of these were 21 aerobically trained (AE; 11 men) and 20 untrained (UN; 10 men). Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), peripheral and central BP was measured at rest and immediately after a maximal treadmill exercise using a ramp protocol including spirometric measurements. Results: Resting hemodynamic values were not different between the groups. Systolic central and peripheral BP, and PWV increased in both groups in response to the running exercise. A of all measured parameters showed no difference between the groups. Conclusions: The acute increases of AS and BP to a maximal running regimen seem to be independent of the subjects' training status and might therefore be an eligible training mode to maintain overall and vascular health.
Stephen A. KlassenKylie S. DempsterDaniele ChiricoDeborah D. O'Leary...
7页
查看更多>>摘要：Purpose: The present investigation evaluated the validity and reliability of carotid-toe PWV (ctPWV) as a non-intrusive measure of systemic arterial stiffness in healthy young adults. Methods: The Validity Trial examined the association and agreement between cfPWV and ctPWV in 33 adults (24 ± 2 years; 14 females), while the Reliability Trial assessed the variability in cfPWV and ctPWV in 13 adults (22 ± 2 years; 5 females) over repeat visits. Proximal pulse waves were acquired (applanation tonometry) from the left common carotid (CCA) for both measures, while distal pulse waves were acquired from the left femoral artery (applanation tonometry) and the second left toe (pulse oximeter) for cfPWV and ctPWV, respectively. Results: cfPWV (5.3 ± 0.7, 3.9-6.5 m/s) and ctPWV (5.4 ± 0.5, 4.6-6.3 m/s) demonstrated a moderate-to-strong positive linear correlation (r = 0.79, P < 0.01) and a strong intra-class correlation (ICC; ICC = 0.86, P < 0.01). The Bland-Altman plot demonstrated agreement between cfPWV and ctPWV with no fixed bias (0.1 m/s, ± 2SD: -0.8 to 0.9 m/s, P > 0.05) and all data points falling within ±2 SD of the mean difference between measures. cfPWV and ctPWV demonstrated reliability across visits as evidenced by low coefficients of variation (cfPWV: 3.4 ± 2.6%, ctPWV: 2.6 ± 2.5%) and strong ICCs (cfPWV: ICC = 0.91, ctPWV: ICC = 0.84, both P< 0.01). Conclusions: Through comparison with cfPWV, this study provides evidence to suggest that ctPWV yields a valid and reliable index of arterial stiffness in healthy young adults.
Juan Felipe Orejuela ZapataGloria Patricia Baena-CaldasAna Maria Granados Sanchez
5页
查看更多>>摘要：Purpose: Despite most anatomical variations of the vertebral artery (VA) related to the origin and intraforaminal entrance remain asymptomatic because of the collateral irrigation system, it is important to know their anatomical presentation in order to prevent complications than could be neurologically devastating for patients. The aim of this study was to characterize the VA anatomy using computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the Colombian population. Methods: Study was descriptive, observational and cross-sectional. Neck and thorax CTA studies performed between 2010 and 2017 in adult population were reviewed. Studies with low image-quality or artifacts, or patients with vascular malformations or injuries history, as well as non-Colombian patients were excluded. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Results: 500 CTA were studied, 362 (72.4%) from male patients, 138 (27.6%) from female patients. In the 18% (n = 90) of the study population, there was at least one VA variation; 73.33% (n = 66) of these cases were male patients and 26.67% (n = 24) were female patients, however, the percentage of VA variations was similar in both genders (18.23% men, 17.39% women). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the VA anatomy should be assessed prior to any surgical procedure in thoracic or neck region that involves the VA as any complication may be deleterious for the patient. Patients with neurological symptoms and VA variations should be evaluated for arterial dissection. VA variants should be included in the radiology report as they may be useful for clinicians not only for diagnostic but also for preventive purposes.
查看更多>>摘要：Purpose: Loose endothelial cells and the destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Tie-2 receptor phosphorylation is important for maintaining integrity of microvascular endothelial cells and BBB. This study aimed to explore the role and changes of Tie-2 receptor phosphorylation levels in EBI after SAH.Methods: This study used an endovascular puncture model of rat to simulate the occurrence and development of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The location of Tie-2 receptor in brain tissues was determined by immunofluorescence. Immunofluorescence and western blot was carried out to observe the expression of Claudin-5 and Occludin in cortex and hippocampus. We chose to observe the Tie-2 receptor phosphorylation level in hippocampus according western blot. Evans blue viability assay was used to evaluate BBB permeability. Results: The results suggested that Tie-2 receptor mainly expressed around the vascular endothelial cells in brain. Following SAH, the Tie-2 receptor phosphorylation level and expression of tight junction protein (claudin-5 and occluding) decreased. Both of these downtrends were reversed by exogenous Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1). Finally, injection of exogenous Ang-1 reduced SAH-associated BBB leakage.Conclusions: Our study indicated that Tie-2 receptor phosphorylation in microvascular endothelial cells was involved in pathophysiological process after SAH, and the decline of Tie-2 receptor phosphorylation might increase blood-brain barrier permeability by decreasing the tight junction protein expression.
Jacqueline A. AugustineKevin S. HeffernanWesley K. Lefferts
4页
查看更多>>摘要：There are established sex differences in vascular structure and function and neurovascular blood pressure (BP) regulation at rest and in response to various stressors. Acute resistance exercise (RE) imposes a unique hemodynamic stress on the heart and central vasculature, resulting in functional increases in aortic stiffness. Increases in aortic stiffness in response to acute RE are seen in men and women. Whether there are sex differences in aortic stiffness and central BP in response to acute RE remains poorly examined. The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in aortic stiffness and central BP in response to acute RE. We hypothesized that women would have an attenuated increase in aortic stiffness and central BP in response to acute RE.
查看更多>>摘要：Background: Curve fitting has been intensively used to model artery pressure waveform (APW). The modelling accuracy can greatly influence the calculation of APWs parameters that serve as quantitative measures for assessing the morphological characteristics of APWs. However, it is unclear which fitting function is more suitable for APW. In this paper, we compared the fitting accuracies of four types of fitting functions, including Raleigh function, double-exponential function, Gaussian function, and logarithmic normal function, in modeling radial artery pressure waveform (RAPW). Methods: RAPWs were recorded from 24 healthy subjects in resting supine position. To perform curve fitting, 10 consecutive stable RAPWs for each subject were randomly selected and each waveform was fitted using three instances of the same fitting function. Results: The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of the fitting results were 5.89% ± 0.46% (standard deviation), 3.31% ± 0.22%, 2.25% ± 0.31%, and 1.49% ± 0.28% for Raleigh function, double-exponential function, Gaussian function, and logarithmic normal function, respectively. Their corresponding mean maximum residual errors were 23.71%, 17.83%, 6.11%, and 5.49%. Conclusions: The performance of using Gaussian function and logarithmic normal function to model RAPW is comparable, and is better than that of using Raleigh function and double-exponential function.
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