查看更多>>摘要：Background: It is a great challenge to fabricate the superhydrophobic coating with durable protection ability in one-step facile way.Methods: Here we develop a simple and scalable one-step dipping method to prepare the superhydrophobic coating of aluminum phosphate (AP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for durable protection of magnesium alloys. The coating was characterized by using contact angle meter, high-speed camera, field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The anti-corrosion performance and comprehensive durability of the coating were evaluated by the electrochemical methods and various mechanical/physical and chemical durability tests, respectively.Findings: The as-prepared AP-PTFE inorganic-organic composite coating is composed of compactly arranged ellipsoidal nanospheres. The coating is superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 155.7 degrees, which demonstrates high resistance to corrosive medium and extraordinary durability to resist various mechanical/ physical and chemical damage. The enhanced interaction force between the coating and the substrate that was derived from the reaction between the inorganic binder AP and the active Mg alloy, the corrosion inhibition of polymerized AP, and the high corrosion resistance of PTFE are responsible for the coating extraordinary durability. This study provides a promising strategy for large-scale production of durable superhydrophobic coatings.(c) 2022 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Background: It is highly desired yet challenging for proper treatment of existing wastewaters containing broad-spectrum toxic contaminants of organic dyes, heavy metals and antibiotics. To tackle this problem, this work developed a novel starch-derived flocculant with hyperbranched brush architecture and evaluated its flocculation performance to removing combined pollutants of methylene blue (MB), tetracyline (TC) and Cu2+. Methods: A novel anion-grafted starch-based flocculant (AGSF) with hyperbranched brush structure was synthesized by grafting copolymerization of acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid to carboxylated corn starch. The as-prepared AGSF was characterized by a combination of Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Its flocculation performance of AGSF to different cationic pollutants was investigated in terms of pH, initial pollutant concentration and flocculant dosage. Significant Findings: AGSF demonstrated an outstanding flocculation performance to cationic pollutants, such as organic dyes, heavy metals and antibiotics when compared to its counterparts, unmodified starch (ST) and anionic carboxymethyl starch (CMS). AGSF can achieve 98.6%, 95.7% and 99.2% of remove rates for MB, TC and Cu2+ , respectively; while ST and CMS can only remove less than 50% of these pollutants at the optimized conditions. These results verify that the hyperbranched brush structure can make the polymer backbone of flocculants more extended and provide grafted branches with easier accessibility to the pollutants in water, thereby improving its flocculation performance. The current research offers great insight in the design of eco-friendly biosourced starch flocculants for effectively treating combined cationic pollutants of organic dyes, antibiotics and heavy metals. (C) 2022 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Obot, Ime BasseyUl-Haq, Muhammad ImranSorour, A. A.Alanazi, Nayef M....
17页
查看更多>>摘要：Background: Corrosion challenges in the oil transportation pipelines operations worldwide is a serious problem and can lead to accelerated corrosion rates, loss of mechanical integrity and catastrophic failure. The survey of the literature reveals that few polymers haven been investigated as sweet corrosion inhibitors when compared to other small nitrogen containing heterocyclic organic molecules. Previous studies indicate that polyaspartic acid has been used as corrosion inhibitor but are required in high concentrations to be effective. To improve the performance of polyaspartic acid and to enable it usage at low concentrations, two modified-polyaspartic acid derivatives poly(cysteaminoaspartamide (7) and poly(methionenoaspartamide (8) were successfully synthesized, characterized, and demonstrated as effective corrosion inhibitor for C1018 steel in 3.5% NaCl saturated CO2 brine solution. Methods: Electrochemical techniques such as open circuit potentials (OCP), linear polarization measurements (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) were used to obtained kinetics and mechanistic data of the corrosion inhibition process in 3.5% NaCl saturated CO2 brine. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images confirmed the adsorption of the molecules on the steel surface. Significant findings: Results obtained indicate that the two synthesized polymers are effective CO2 corrosion inhibitors. The inhibition performance of 7 (92.7%) was more pronounced at low concentrations (25 ppm) than 8 (53.6%) as obtained from EIS results. The effect of longer immersion time (24 h) strengthens further the performance of both corrosion inhibitors to 99. 25% for 7 and 96.84% for 8, respectively. Surface characterization using SEM and AFM provided more evidence for the steel surface protection with the two polymers. Molecular modeling using density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations (MC) supported the experimental results. The implication of this study is the possibility of replacing conventional toxic small nitrogen containing heterocyclic organic molecules with non-toxic and cost-effective polymeric counterparts based on modifiedpolyaspartic acid as corrosion inhibitors for use in oil and gas industry.
Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad SadeghDehaj, Mohammad Shafiey
12页
查看更多>>摘要：Background: The iron oxide nanoparticles as low-cost, eco-friendly, and efficient nanomaterials exhibit interesting optical properties which make them valuable for nanofluids-based volumetric absorption solar collectors. Methods: The first aim of this study is to experimentally compare the colloidal stability and optical properties of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanofluids in three volume fractions of 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02%. To the following, it is intended to examine the energy conversion efficiency of these nanofluids in an evacuated tubular volumetric absorption solar collector according to the ASHREA standard. Significant findings: Based on the results, the size and morphology of the iron oxide nanoparticles were nearly similar together, but when dispersed in water they exhibited different colloidal and optical properties. For example, the Fe2O3 nanofluids showed considerable spectral extinction coefficients in the visible range, while the Fe3O4 nanofluids presented limited extinction coefficients in the ultraviolet region with the lower values. At penetration depth of 4 cm, the 0.02%-Fe2O3 nanofluid resulted in a 100% solar weighted absorption fraction in comparison to 83.2% of the Fe3O4 nanofluid with the same volume fraction. According to the collector results, the Fe2O3 nanofluids displayed greater enhancement in the solar to thermal energy conversion than the Fe3O4 nanofluids. The maximum efficiency was 73% at 0.02%-Fe2O3 nanofluid and 51% at 0.02%Fe3O4 nanofluid. (c) 2022 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Background: Recently, limited sources of fossil fuels and environmental issues have caused to expanded worldwide search for an alternative clean energy. Among these, steam methanol reforming is the most common industrial kind of mature technology to produce hydrogen. Methods: In this regards, a series of Cu-Zn-Al catalysts were synthesized via conventional urea-nitrate combustion and hybrid plasma-enhanced microwave-irradiated urea-nitrate combustion methods. The samples were characterized using XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDX, BET, FTIR and TPR-H-2 techniques. Significant findings: The crystalline size of CuZnAl-MC-P which was treated with plasma, reduced in comparison to untreated samples. This sample had high dispersion of CuO (111), ZnO (100) and ZnO (002) crystalline facets leading to enhancement of CH3OH conversion and H-2-selectivity. As determined by FESEM and EDX, the plasma significantly caused to high dispersion of active sites which led to absence of any agglomeration. These features have led to prominent catalytic performance of plasma treated catalyst. Therefore, complete conversion of methanol and CO selectivity of 0.55% have been obtained at 260 degrees C using CuZnAl-MC-P sample. Stable performance of CuZnAl-MC-P for 24 h revealed that application of plasma post-treatment has caused strong bonding between components of catalyst and the absence of any agglomeration or sintering of particles. (C) 2022 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Gicana, Ronnie G.Yeh, Fang-, IHsiao, Tsun-HsienChiang, Yin-Ru...
8页
查看更多>>摘要：Background: The disposal of biomass waste from the agro-industry is a global challenge due to its negative environmental impacts. The global fishing industry and aquaculture in 2018 produced around 180 million tons of capture; however, <^>-50% of fish tissues are disposed of. On the other hand, bagasse isa major by-prod-uct of the sugar industry. This study aims to valorize fish waste and bagasse.Methods: We managed to establish a Bacillus megaterium-based protein overexpression system using prote-ase-hydrolyzed fish viscera as the growth medium for B. megaterium strain YYBM1 and using sugarcane bagasse-derived xylose to induce protein overexpression. Green fluorescent protein served as the model to optimize the system. Subsequently, we overexpressed a recombinant Alcalase, a thermostable alkaline prote-ase, in strain YYBM1 following the optimized conditions.Significant findings: We achieved a maximum yield of 2.5 g Alcalase per kg fish viscera (dried weight), with a corresponding 20-fold reduction in production cost. The recombinant Alcalase efficiently hydrolyzed both strain YYBM1 cells and fish viscera at pH 9 and 60 degrees C, which allows a medium manufacturing process using autolyzed strain YYBM1 cells carrying Alcalase, bypassing the use of purified proteases. Our protein overex-pression system represents an addition to the circular bioeconomy, buttressing the global call to develop innovative industries based on responsible consumption and production.(c) 2022 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Vengadesan, ElumalaiThameenansari, SiddikManikandan, Ella JaganathanSenthil, Ramalingam...
16页
查看更多>>摘要：Background: The solar receiver design plays a vital role in exchanging solar radiation into heat transfer fluids in concentrated solar collectors. The solar receiver's heat absorption rate in a parabolic trough collector depends on the heat transfer surface area, the fluid flow residence time, and turbulence in the fluid flow. The rectangular channel solar receiver with dual-functional fins is selected as an alternative receiver to increase the heat transfer area and fluid flow path.Methods: The staggered arrangement of thin fins at the rectangular channel receiver's bottom deviates the fluid in zig-zag directions, confirming more physical contact with the absorber for a more extended period and enhanced flow turbulence. The outdoor tests are conducted on modified and conventional solar receivers. The experimental results are compared with the conventional tubular solar receiver at flow rates of 0.05, 0.13, and 0.2 kg/s. Significant findings: The proposed rectangular receiver results in higher water outlet temperature with lesser receiver surface temperature and heat loss. A rectangular surface absorbs concentrated solar radiation more effectively than a circular surface. An average convective heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number are higher by 45.4 and 136% than the circular receiver at a fluid flow rate of 0.2 kg/s. The average thermal and exergy efficiency is higher by 48.1 and 73.7% than the circular receiver at 0.2 kg/s. Maximum thermal and exergy efficiency is 78.5 and 4.4% at higher flow rates.(c) 2022 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Hu, Chien-ChiehYeh, Hsin-HungHu, Chun-PoLecaros, Rumwald Leo G....
8页
查看更多>>摘要：Background: Greenhouse gasses are still a global concern where minimization of or controlling its emission should be prioritized. This could be efficiently resolved through membrane separation technology. Methods: Herein, a mixed matrix composite membrane made from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), Pebax (R) MH1657 (Pebax), and 3-(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)-modified graphene oxide on a polysulfone (PSf) substrate was prepared. The hydrophilicity of PDMS intermediate layer was improved by UV/O-3 treatment. While the concentrations of Pebax and APTES-GO loading were varied to observe the combined effects of active and intermediate layers on CO2 capture. Significant findings: The membrane with 1 wt% GO loading had the optimal gas separation performance with a CO2 permeability of 54.5 GPU and a CO2/N-2 selectivity of 36.9 at 35 ? and 0.1 MPa. The separation was further improved with APTES-functionalized GO (aGO). The mixed matrix composite membrane with 1 wt% aGO loading augmented the CO2 permeance to 208.9 GPU with a CO2/N-2 selectivity of 40 at 35 ? and 0.7 MPa. The amine groups augmented the CO2 adsorption and selectivity and provided enhanced membrane stability that can also be operated at higher pressure. This study provides an understanding on the function of each layer on a gas separation mixed matrix composite membrane.(c) 2022 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used as an "immune booster" for disease prevention and clinical treatment since ancient China. However, many studies were focused on the organic herbal extract rather than aqueous herbal extract (AHE; decoction). Due to the COVID-19 pandemics, this study tended to decipher phytochemical contents in the decoction of herbs and derived bioactivities (e.g., anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties). As prior works revealed, the efficacy of Parkinson's medicines and antiviral flavonoid herbs was strongly governed by their bioenergy-stimulating proficiency.Methods: Herbal extracts were prepared by using a traditional Chinese decoction pot. After filtration and evaporation, crude extracts were used to prepare sample solutions for various bioassays. The phytochemical content and bioactivities of AHEs were determined via ELISA microplate reader. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were used as a novel platform to evaluate bioenergy contents with electron-transfer characteristics for antiviral drug development.Significant findings: Regarding 18 TCM herbal extracts for the prevention of SARS and H1N1 influenza, comparison on total polyphenol, flavonoid, condensed tannins and polysaccharides were conducted. Moreover, considerable total flavonoid contents were detected for 11 herb extracts. These AEHs were not only rich in phytonutrient contents but also plentiful in anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Herbs with high polyphenol content had higher antioxidant activity. Forsythia suspensa extract expressed the highest inhibition against nitric oxide production for anti-inflammation. MFC bioenergy-stimulating studies also revealed that top ranking COVID-19 efficacious herbs were both bioenergy driven and electron mediated. That is, electron transfer-controlled bioenergy extraction was significant to antiviral characteristics for anti-COVID-19 drug development. (c) 2022 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Background: From ongoing human clinical trials, cell therapy for diabetic treatment using islet-like organoid generation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) appears to have a promising future. Methods: Development of islet cells from iPSCs was guided in activin A- and Wnt3a-grafted gelatin-polyacrylamide inverted colloidal crystal scaffolds (activin A-Wnt3a-Gel-PAAM ICCS) with pore sizes of 70 and 160 mu m, followed by regulation with fibroblast growth factor 7-grafted retinoic acid-entrapped solid lipid nanoparticles (FGF7-RA-SLNs). Significant Findings: FGF7-RA-SLNs diffused into activin A-Wnt3a-Gel-PAAM ICCS, and controlled differentiation of definitive endoderm (DE) cells into islet cells. The immunochemical staining, flow cytometry and western blot demonstrated combined effects among activin A and Wnt3a, FGF7 and RA in materials for the 2-step differentiation. Wnt3a on the pore surface promoted activin A activity for generating DE cells, and FGF7 enhanced RA activity for producing islet cells. Under glucose stimulation, activin A-Wnt3a-Gel-PAAM ICCS with pore sizes of 70 mu m were prone to regenerate insulin-producing beta-cells rather than alpha cells. The optimized conditions for insulin secretion from beta-like cells in this study were pore size of 70 mu m, Gel:PAAM of 7:3, 100 ng/mL activin A, 100 ng/mL Wnt3a, 50 ng/mL FGF7 and 600 ng/mL RA. Activin A-Wnt3a-Gel-PAAM ICCS associated with FGF7-RA-SLNs can be effective in forming biomimetic pancreas and supporting cell therapy from iPSCs for diabetic management.
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Elsevier