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Journal of Materials Chemistry
The Royal Society of Chemistry
Journal of Materials Chemistry

The Royal Society of Chemistry

2050-750X

Journal of Materials Chemistry/Journal Journal of Materials Chemistry
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    Front cover

    2页
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    Contents list

    6页
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    Recent advances in nanomaterials for prostate cancer detection and diagnosis

    Hu YongweiLv ShixianWan JiamingZheng Chunxiong...
    28页
    查看更多>>摘要：Despite the significant progress in the discovery of biomarkers and the exploitation of technologies for prostate cancer (PCa) detection and diagnosis, the initial screening of these PCa-related biomarkers using current technologies is always demanded with a bioassay or probe with high sensitivity, specificity, and noninvasiveness. Nanomaterials have emerged as novel alternative probes for PCa detection and diagnosis because of their nanoscale size, large ratio of surface area to volume, special surface chemistry, and particularly distinct physical properties. By selecting appropriate nanomaterials, a series of nanosensors or nanoprobes could be constructed for PCa bioassay with high sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy. Meanwhile, nanosized particles also show significant potential to transport directors or contrast agents to desired sites in vivo for accurate and safe visualization of PCa tissues. Based on these advancements, this review will first outline the recent exploration of PCa biomarkers and the development of technologies for clinical PCa diagnosis. Then, the commonly used nanomaterials for PCa detection and diagnosis will be summarized. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of nanoparticle-based PCa detection and diagnosis methods are also discussed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    LAPONITE? nanodisk-“decorated” Fe3O4 nanoparticles: a biocompatible nano-hybrid with ultrafast magnetic hyperthermia and MRI contrast agent ability

    Basina GeorgiaDiamantopoulos GeorgeDevlin EamonnPsycharis Vassilis...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles “decorated” by LAPONITE? nanodisks have been materialized utilizing the Schikorr reaction following a facile approach and tested as mediators of heat for localized magnetic hyperthermia (MH) and as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents. The synthetic protocol involves the interaction between two layered inorganic compounds, ferrous hydroxide, Fe(OH)2, and the synthetic smectite LAPONITE? clay Na0.7+[(Si8Mg5.5Li0.3)O20(OH)4]0.7?, towards the formation of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which are well decorated by the diamagnetic clay nanodisks. The latter imparts high negative ζ-potential values (up to ?34.1 mV) to the particles, which provide stability against flocculation and precipitation, resulting in stable water dispersions. The obtained LAPONITE?-“decorated” Fe3O4 nanohybrids were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), M?ssbauer spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) at room temperature, revealing superior magnetic hyperthermia performance with specific absorption rate (SAR) values reaching 540 W gFe?1 (28 kA m?1, 150 kHz) for the hybrid material with a magnetic loading of 50 wt% Fe3O4/LAPONITE?. Toxicity studies were also performed with human glioblastoma (GBM) cells and human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF), which show negligible to no toxicity. Furthermore, T2-weighted MR imaging of rodent brain shows that the LAPONITE?-“decorated” Fe3O4 nanohybrids predominantly affected the transverse T2 relaxation time of tissue water, which resulted in a signal drop on the MRI T2-weighted imaging, allowing for imaging of the magnetic nanoparticles.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Polythiophene as a near full pH photo-antimicrobial

    Lang YunheWang YingZhou RonghuiZeng Xin...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Microbial infections are currently one of the world's major public health concerns, the evolution of which has resulted in the development of multiple tolerances (not just drug or antibiotic resistance), including pH (from extremely acidic to alkaline). Currently various types of antimicrobials have been developed. Although effective, they seldom work in the full pH range due to the existence of acid-/base-reaction sites. Here, we found that polythiophene (PT10), a cationic polymer, was capable of both broad-spectrum photo-antimicrobial activity (Gram positive, Gram negative, Fungal, and cyano-bacteria) and broad pH responsiveness (constant 1O2 generation at pH 2-13). The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of PT10 for bacteria living in acidic, neutral, and alkaline media were generally lower than 2 μg mL?1 (except M. aeruginosa, pH 12, ～30 μg mL?1), which were much lower than common antibiotics and other photosensitizers. Besides, the excellent photostability of PT10 allowed long-term light irradiation for antimicrobial performance. In real-world applications, PT10 was explored for the successful in vivo therapy of oral Candidiasis infection under extreme acidic conditions (pH < 3) and the removal of M. aeruginosa at pH 12. Such near full pH, broad-spectrum photo-antimicrobial activity of polythiophene is appealing for extremely acidic or alkaline applications, such as oral infections, vaginitis, and blooms.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Host–guest interaction-based supramolecular prodrug self-assemblies for GSH-consumption augmented chemotherapy

    Bai YangLi XihuaLi MuqiongShang Qingqing...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：The over-expressed cellular glutathione (GSH) severely restricts the chemotherapeutic efficacy due to the GSH-induced detoxification of chemical drugs. Herein, how to construct effective drug delivery systems with GSH-consumption property is still a general concern and a major challenge. In this study, the host–guest interactions between water-soluble pillar[6]arene (WP[6]) and chlorambucil-arylboronic acid (Cb-BA) were utilized to construct supramolecular prodrug self-assemblies (SPSAs) with specific stimuli-responsive property. Notably, the BA moiety could not only consume GSH but also rapidly bind curcumin (Cur), which could inhibit the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) to further reduce the GSH biosynthesis pathway. Benefiting from the functionality of BA-Cur conjugates, the GSH levels could be significantly downregulated, paving a novel way to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy. In vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrated that this two-pronged GSH-depletion strategy could amplify the cellular oxidative stress and achieve excellent anti-tumor efficacy.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Cadherin-dependent adhesion modulated 3D cell-assembly

    Han WenjieHe MiaoZhang YunhanZhou Junxiang...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The emergence of synthetic biology has opened new avenues in constructing cell-assembly biosystems with specific gene expression and function. The phenomena of cell spreading and detachment during tissue development and cancer metastasis are caused by surface tension, which in turn results from differences in cell–cell adhesion mediated by the dimerization of cadherin expressed on the cell surface. In this study, E- and P-cadherin plasmids were first constructed based on the differential adhesion hypothesis, then they were electroporated into K562 cells and HEK293T cells, respectively, to explore the process of cell migration and assembly regulated by cadherins. Using this approach, some special 3D cell functional components with a phase separation structure were fabricated successfully. Our work will be of potential application in the construction of self-assembling synthetic tissues and organoids.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    A cationic BODIPY photosensitizer decorated with quaternary ammonium for high-efficiency photodynamic inhibition of bacterial growth

    Wen HuiSun TingtingXie ZhigangWang Hongyu...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：On account of the constant evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the effects of existing antibacterial materials are being gradually weakened, and the difficulty in curing infectious diseases is increasing. Therefore, more novel antibacterial materials or methods are eagerly required to combat microbial infections. Recently, the advantages of photodynamic therapy in the antibacterial field have gradually been validated. Herein, a trimethylamine (TMA) salt-modified 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) photosensitizer (BODIPY–TMA) was synthesized for antibacterial applications. Due to the positive charge of the TMA group, enhanced interactions were observed between the prepared BODIPY–TMA nanoparticles (BODIPY–TMA NPs) and negatively-charged bacterial membranes. The BODIPY–TMA NPs showed much better antibacterial effect toward both S. aureus and E. coli compared with their BODIPY–Br NPs counterpart without a positive charge. Moreover, the BODIPY–TMA NPs efficiently prevented the formation of biofilms and destroyed pre-established biofilms. Thus, such positively-charged photosensitizers may pave the way for the exploration of highly effective antibacterial agents.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Investigation of heparin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels as anti-thrombogenic surface coatings for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

    Zhang MeiliChan Chris H.H.Pauls Jo P.Semenzin Clayton...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a critical life-sustaining tool, faces significant challenges for the maintenance of normal haemostasis due to the large volume of circulating blood continuously in contact with artificial surfaces, hyperoxia and excessive shear stresses of the extracorporeal circuit. From a biomaterials perspective, it has been hypothesised that drug eluting coatings composed of haemocompatible hydrogels loaded with an anticoagulant drug could potentially enhance the haemocompatibility of the circuit. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been well established as a biocompatible and anti-fouling material with wide biomedical application. Unfractionated heparin is the most commonly used anticoagulant for ECMO. In the present study, the feasibility of using heparin-loaded PEG-based hydrogels as anti-thrombogenic surface coatings for ECMO was investigated. The hydrogels were synthesised by photopolymerisation using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as the crosslinking monomer and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) as the hydrophilic monomer, with heparin loaded into the pre-gel solution. Factors which could affect the release of heparin were investigated, including the ratio of PEGDA/PEGMA, water content, loading level of heparin and the flow of fluid past the hydrogel. Our results showed that increased crosslinker content and decreased water content led to slower heparin release. The hydrogels with water contents of 60 wt% and 70 wt% could achieve a sustained heparin release by adjusting the ratio of PEGDA/PEGMA. The anticoagulation efficacy of the released heparin was evaluated by measuring the activated clotting time of whole blood. The hydrogels with desirable heparin release profiles were prepared onto poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP) films with the same chemical composition as the PMP ECMO membranes. The coatings showed sustained heparin release with a cumulative release of 70–80% after 7 days. Haemocompatibility tests demonstrated that PEG hydrogel coatings significantly reduced platelet adhesion and prolonged plasma recalcification time. These results suggest that heparin-loaded PEG hydrogels are potential anti-thrombogenic coatings for ECMO.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Nanomicelles-in-coaxial nanofibers with exit channels as a transdermal delivery platform for smoking cessation

    Yahia SarahAbo Dena Ahmed S.El Nashar Rasha M.El-Sherbiny Ibrahim M....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Smoking is a life-threatening habit; that is why many nicotine-replacement therapies (NRTs), which include chewing gums, nicotine patches, lozenges, mouth sprays, inhalers and nasal sprays that are usually administered for 8–12 weeks, have been reported for smoking cessation. We report the fabrication of patches comprising nanomicelles-in-coaxial nanofibers (NFs) for the transdermal delivery of varenicline (VAR) tartrate, a partial agonist of the α4β2 receptor subtype, for smoking cessation. The cores of the fabricated coaxial NF structures are composed of polyethylene oxide, VAR-loaded Pluronic F127 nanomicelles (NPs) and free VAR, while the shell consists of a blend of cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) in a ratio of 1?:?9 (w/w) that incorporates 50% (wt%) free VAR. The morphology and the coaxial structure of the NFs were investigated using TEM, SEM and fluorescent microscopy. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were analyzed using FTIR, DSC, DLS, TGA and a universal testing machine. SEM micrographs depict NFs with a size ranging from 793.7 ± 518.9 to 324.5 ± 144.1 nm. In vitro release of VAR reaches almost 100% after 3, 9 and 28 days for free VAR, VAR-loaded NPs and the NPs-in-NFs patches, respectively, while the ex vivo release tested using albino rat skin, over a period of 60 days, showed up to 94% sustained release of VAR. Besides, skin permeation, in vivo release and plasma concentrations of VAR from the NF transdermal patches were monitored via cyclic voltammetric measurements during the course of treatment. DFT calculations as well as mathematical release kinetic models were performed in order to study the release mechanism. The cell viability of human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells in the case of plain and VAR-loaded NFs was 75.09 and 32.11%, respectively. The in vivo results showed that VAR was being continuously released from the transdermal patch over a period of 14 days. Besides, the treatment with VAR-loaded patches did not cause any severe conditions in the studied animal model. The new fabricated NPs-in-NFs transdermal patch for VAR tartrate delivery is considered as an effective, economic, safe and long-acting NRT for smoking cessation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry