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Journal of Materials Chemistry
Royal Society of Chemistry
Journal of Materials Chemistry

Royal Society of Chemistry

2050-7488

Journal of Materials Chemistry/Journal Journal of Materials Chemistry
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    Front cover

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    Inside front cover

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    Contents list

    14页
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    The versatility of the dynamic hydrogen bubble template derived copper foam on the emerging energy applications: progress and future prospects

    Das ManishaBiswas AshmitaPurkait TaniyaBoruah Tribani...
    36页
    查看更多>>摘要：The current review was conceptualised after realising the industrial relevance and enormous potential of nanostructured copper foams (Cuf) in the field of energy applications, as active electrode components, as a building block or even just as a dynamic current collector. Among the plethora of chemical and electrochemical synthesis approaches explored so far, the dynamic hydrogen bubble template (DHBT) technique has emerged as a promising, economical, and effective means of producing macroporous Cuf with nanostructured pore walls, integrated electrical conductivity and, most importantly, extensively accessible surface area. While a comprehensive repository on the versatility of the DHBT technique and its exploration in developing various monometallic or bimetallic films exists, very little attention has been paid to highlighting Cuf as an ambidextrous nanometal foam (NFM) model that has a potentially broad spectrum of applicability in all fields of energy applications, including energy storage and electrocatalysis. Herein, we review the current state of the art approaches on the synthesis of DHBT-derived Cuf and its suitable applications in various energy devices. We also highlight the technological bottleneck of realising the theoretical competence of DHBT-derived Cuf in a commercial setup, and attempt to address the issues for future relevance.
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    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Crystallization regulation of solution-processed two-dimensional perovskite solar cells

    Lu RongWen ZhangchuanLuo DongxiangHuang Jacob C....
    26页
    查看更多>>摘要：Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have gained tremendous research interest in optoelectronic applications thanks to their structural diversity and superior environmental stability. The advancement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using 2D perovskites is necessarily accompanied by an in-depth understanding of the crystallization kinetics for thin-film formation. The manipulation of crystalline orientation and ordered quantum well (QW) arrangement have emerged as two main factors to achieve high-quality 2D perovskite deposition. This review aims to provide guidelines on crystallization control in 2D perovskites and inspires the development of simple and compatible optimization methods for different 2D perovskite systems. First, we summarize the archetypes of 2D perovskites that have been incorporated into high-performance PSCs and review the essential crystal nucleation and growth mechanisms. We then provide our insights into the state-of-the-art strategies used to manipulate the crystallization kinetics of 2D perovskites with an emphasis on their functionalities of optimized film properties and cell performance. Finally, we focus on the remaining challenges and prospects of 2D PSCs to further optimize the device performance for practical applications.
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    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    2D single- and few-layered MXenes: synthesis, applications and perspectives

    Jiang LongboZhou DingYang JinjuanZhou Shaoyu...
    22页
    查看更多>>摘要：Transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), as a promising class of two-dimensional inorganic compounds, are materials composed of a few atomic layers of transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides. The properties of an MXene can be ingeniously regulated according to the external strain and the number of layers in the crystals and thin films. Single- and few-layered MXenes (SFL-MXenes) show preferable properties, such as a low ion diffusion barrier, low open-circuit voltage, and high specific surface area. In this review, we comprehensively summarize current advances in SFL-MXene research. The fabrication of SFL-MXenes via both top-down and bottom-up strategies is summarized in detail. Top-down strategies involve HF etching, in situ HF etching, molten salt etching, and electrochemical etching methods. Bottom-up strategies involve chemical vapor deposition, self-assembly, and template-assisted growth approaches. Additionally, applications of SFL-MXenes, including energy storage, energy conversion, sensing, optoelectronic, optical device, electromagnetic, and environmental applications, are illustrated. Finally, future challenges faced by SFL-MXenes and their application potential are summarized. With increasing progress in fabrication approaches using controlled synthesis, the unusual properties of SFL-MXenes can be unveiled and exploited for various prospective applications.
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    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Unidirectional, highly linear strain sensors with thickness-engineered conductive films for precision control of soft machines

    Mousavi SaebThai Mai ThanhAmjadi MortezaHoward David...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Current stretchable strain sensors possess limited linear working ranges and it is still a formidable challenge to develop sensors that concurrently possess high gauge factors and high stretchability (ε ～100%). Herein, we report a facile method for creating unidirectional strain sensors to address the above issues. Using the 3D printing technique, we introduced thickness variations to control microcracking patterns in a carbon nanofibers-containing PEDOT:PSS thin-film sensor. As a result, the sensor is capable of exceptionally linear response for up to 97% tensile strain while maintaining a high gauge factor of 151.
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    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    A multiscale biomimetic strategy to design strong, tough hydrogels by tuning the self-assembly behavior of cellulose

    Xie YitongGao ShishuaiLing ZheLai Chenhuan...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Strong and tough hydrogels have gained popularity for various applications; however, their fabrication remains challenging, particularly when incorporating functionalities. Here, we describe a novel facile multiscale biomimetic strategy that combines molecular and structural engineering to fabricate strong and tough hydrogels. More specifically, a non-covalent-bonding-driven self-assembled cellulose skeleton is embedded in a polyacrylamide matrix. Water-induced cellulose self-assembly facilitates the production of a biomimetic design. The resulting hydrogel exhibited unique interesting features, including the hierarchical structure of the skin, molecular-scale regulation of the enhanced skeleton, and incorporation of physical interfacial interactions. The resultant hydrogels showed excellent tensile strength, toughness and stretchability, with antibacterial, anti-freezing, and adhesive properties desirable for sensor applications. This study proposes an effective strategy that can be used to overcome the challenge of the mutual exclusivity of high strength and toughness and circumvent the trade-off between functionalities and mechanical properties. Thus, this study provides new insights for designing strong and tough hydrogels.
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    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Data mining for predicting gas diffusivity in zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs)

    Kainourgiakis Michael E.Economou Ioannis G.Steriotis Theodore A.Krokidas Panagiotis...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Molecular sieving is based on mobility differences of species under extreme confinement, i.e. within pores of molecular dimensions. The pore properties of a material determine its separation efficiency, while pore network engineering provides a way to optimize the sieving performance. Unlike rigid and structurally limited carbon and zeolite molecular sieves, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) offer flexible networks with unlimited pore tailoring possibilities, by using different linkers, functional groups and metals/clusters. Nevertheless, knowledge-based pore optimization towards highly selective materials is hampered by the complex relationship between structural modifications and molecular diffusivity. Machine learning (ML) approaches can elucidate this correlation, but pertinent research in MOFs has so far focused solely on sorption properties. Herein, we report the first ML-assisted work towards understanding how the replacement of basic MOF building units affects the pore structure and consequently the molecular diffusivity. The ML approach developed is general; the work is however focused on zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with SOD topology. Since there is no database of relevant ZIF variations, we constructed a new ensemble of 72 existing and new ZIFs through systematic sub-unit replacement, developed a force-field for each of these structures and performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on fully flexible systems to calculate framework properties and the diffusivity of different molecules (ranging from helium to n-butane). Based on this new database, a predictive multi-step ML model was developed and trained. The model can rapidly and efficiently estimate the diffusivity of molecules in any possible ZIF structure with SOD topology by using readily accessible input information.
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    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Inverse vulcanised sulfur polymer nanoparticles prepared by antisolvent precipitation

    Zhang BowenPetcher SamuelDop Romy A.Yan Peiyao...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Elemental sulfur is a by-product of the petrochemicals industry. Some use is found in the production of sulfuric acid and fertilizers, however, supply outstrips demand. Recently, polymers formed from elemental sulfur have been discovered. These ‘inverse vulcanised’ polymers have a myriad of potential applications including the selective remediation of mercury contaminated wastewater. Herein, we report the synthesis of inverse vulcanised polymer nanoparticles and demonstrate their affinity and selectivity for the removal of mercury from solution. We also demonstrate the generation of an inverse vulcanised membrane for mercury filtration.
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    • Royal Soc Chemistry