查看更多>>摘要：Lithium-based batteries including lithium-ion, lithium-sulfur, and lithium-oxygen batteries are currently some of the most competitive electrochemical energy storage technologies owing to their outstanding electrochemical performance. The charge/discharge mechanism of these battery systems is based on an electrochemical redox reaction. Recently, numerous studies have reported that the use of a magnetic field as a non-contact energy transfer method can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-based batteries relying on the effects of magnetic force, magnetization, magnetohydrodynamic and spin effects. In this review, the authors comprehensively summarize the latest advances in the application of magnetic fields in lithium-based batteries. And the relative mechanism, present research status, problems and future developmental directions are discussed. This review will provide timely access for researchers to the recent works regarding on magnetic field on lithium-based batteries.
查看更多>>摘要：ABSTR A C T The application of metallic copper in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is severely restricted by its low intrinsic activity due to its surface properties that have large energy barriers for water dissociation and weak binding force to H* . Herein, we report an electronic structure engineering strategy to activate the inert Cu for significantly enhanced HER performance by trace doping of Ru (0.70 wt%). Experiments together with theoretical analysis reveal that the Ru dopants attract electrons from the Cu, resulting in the surface with lower energy barriers for the water dissociation process and optimized binding energy with H* . The synthesized Ru doped Cu only involved overpotentials of 33 and 34 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2 in alkali and acid, respectively, together with excellent long-term stability. This work presents an electronic engineering pathway to adjust the electrocatalysis behaviors of metallic copper.
查看更多>>摘要：The induced built-in electric field by piezoelectric materials has proven to be one of the most effective strategies for modulating the charge-transfer pathway and inhibiting carrier recombination. In this work, a series of core-shell structured BaTiO3@TiO2 nanowires (BT@TiO2 NWs) heterojunctions were synthesized and the significant coupling effects between BaTiO3 (BT) and TiO2 resulted in surperior piezo-photocatalytic performance, which was demonstrated by three typical types of dyes with high concentrations. The degradation efficiency of 30 mg/L Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB) and Indigo Carmine (IC) solutions by 0.5 g/L BT@TiO2 NWs reached 99.5% in 75 min, 99.8% in 10(5) min and 99.7% in 45 min, respectively, which are much higher than piezo-photocatalysis systems reported before. To reveal the coupling mechanisms, photoelectrochemical measure-ments and band diagram analysis were carried out. The carrier concentration was increased from 2.28 x 10(17) cm(-3) to 4.91 x 10(18) cm(-3) and the lifetime of charges was improved from 50.37 ms to 60.98 ms due to the construction of a heterojunction between TiO2 and BT. It was proposed that the tilting and bending of the energy band caused by the introduction of a piezoelectric polarization can facilitate carrier separation both in the bulk phase and at the surfaces of semiconductors, resulting in outstanding piezo-photocatalytic properties for highly concentrated dye degradation. This work provides a universal catalyzer for highly concentrated dye degradation.
查看更多>>摘要：As the renewable energy gradually penetrates into practical production, electrolytic systhesis technique is considered as a promising avenue for producing some fuels or chemicals. Electrocatalytic conversion CO2 into value-added products is a prominent case that holds impressive potential to promote achievement of carbonneutral target. However, its practice application is still confronted with rough challenges from lack of highperformance and cost-effective electrocatalysts and high energy consumption. We herein report a low-cost, durable, and energy-efficient electrolysis system that convert CO2 and glycerol to dual value-added products in anode and cathode, in this manner can the electron be utilized for electrolytic upgrading. To this end, the atomically Ni-N single sites on carbon nanosheets (NiSAs/FN-CNSs) is fabricated as the cathode catalysts for CO2 electrochemical reduction, and interconnected CoSe2 nanostructure is developed as anode catalysts for highselectivity glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) toward formate production. The assembled electrolytic cell is implemented by the prepared low-cost and scalable nano catalysts electrodes and shows high faradaic efficiencies of CO production (>90%) and formate production (-90%) at a current density more than 100 mA cm-2 over half-month continuous operation. The present work promises to provide a sustainability and economic viable electrolysis route by cost-effectively resourcing CO2 and valorizing glycerol.
查看更多>>摘要：Diverse water microbes in water sources pose serious challenges to conventional disinfection techniques, leading to high oxidant and energy cost and large formation of disinfection by-products. Herein, a piezoelectret aluminium oxide (PEAO) was engineered for water disinfection. The piezo-catalytic disinfection system with ultrasonication induced strong electric field intensity of 8.1 x 10(7) V/m on PEAO surface, resulting in microbial cell membrane in-situ electroporation followed by penetration of generated reactive oxygen species (ROS, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide). The proposed piezo-catalytic disinfection strategy exhibited universal water disinfection performances among different microbes, similar to 1000-fold more efficient than an equivalent amount of preformed hydrogen peroxide, thus significantly improved the oxidant utilization and disinfection efficiency and potentially decreasing the formation of disinfection by-products. This work clearly demonstrates the application and mechanism of in-situ versatile water disinfection process via piezo-catalytic of PEAO and further applications in other water treatment fields are expected.
查看更多>>摘要：Potassium-based dual-ion batteries (KDIBs) are promising large-scale energy-storage devices due to cost benefits, high output voltage, and abundant K resources, but their advancements are restricted by alternative anodes, low-capacity graphite cathode, and electrolyte decomposition. Herein, high-voltage and stable KDIBs composed of tellurium-decorated porous carbon nanosheets (TeCNs) anode and graphite cathode are constructed by regulating salt types and electrolyte concentrations. Compared with potassium hexafluorophosphate/carbonate electrolytes, high-concentrated potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI)-based electrolytes enable high capacity and cyclability of graphite cathode. The weak anion-solvent interaction avoids solvent co-intercalation, whereas the strong coordination of K+-FSI--carbonate complexes facilitates antioxidation and interphase stability. By inheriting the excellent K+-ion storage of TeCNs and electrochemical compatibility with the 4.0 m electrolyte, Te-graphite KDIBs deliver a high discharge voltage plateau of 4.37 V, the capacity of 130.8 mAh g(-1) after 500 cycles, and high-power densities. This work discloses the important roles of ion-solvent pairs, and provides clear guidelines for electrolyte design in DIBs.
查看更多>>摘要：Skin-conformable photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensors enable continuous and accurate monitoring of physiological states to efficiently prevent cardiovascular-related diseases. Herein, novel PPG sensors consisting of polymer/oxide hybrid phototransistors, mini-light-emitting diodes, and a framework conformable to epidermis are developed. The key element, a heterojunction phototransistor for efficient energy usage, is composed of an indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)-based active layer for low-power consumption and a specific diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) polymer layer affording high near-infrared (NIR) light absorbability and hydrophobicity. Therefore, the phototransistors with NIR detectivity of 1.00 x 1013 Jones, rapid photoresponse within the human heart rate range, high reliability against perspiration and mechanical stress, and low operating voltages (< 5 V) are achieved. Using the developed PPG sensors, the heart rate and oxygen saturation of human subjects are successfully detected, which is comparable to the commercial PPG sensors. Furthermore, controlling potential barrier energy at the interface between heterojunction layers, PPG sensors that operate separately at low and high heart rates are implemented for continuous monitoring. Consequently, a distinguished configuration of skinconformable PPG sensors and a novel concept of an always-on cardiovascular monitoring system while consuming less power are suggested. The study contributes to the development of PPG sensors and may become a potential solution for Healthcare 4.0 applications.
查看更多>>摘要：The technology of electrolytic water splitting to produce hydrogen is considered a promising method for renewable energy utilization. It is essential to develop bifunctional electrode materials with low cost and high activity. Herein, tremella-like MoS2-AB particles on nickel foam substrate were fabricated through a one-step Solvothermal reaction and exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance for over-water electrolysis in alkaline media, i.e., overpotentials of 77 and 248 mV to achieve catalytic current density 10 mA cm-2 for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. Moreover, the two-electrode device demanded 1.51 V cell voltage to reach 10 mA cm-2 and showed good stability of 12 h without iR compensation. This work may afford a new idea to design self-supported bifunctional electrocatalysts toward efficient overall water splitting reactions.
查看更多>>摘要：In the field of exercise physiology, it is of great significance to monitor human body motion status and physiological functions for assessing physical quality and training load. However, the wearable electronics as the mainstream monitoring solution have power consumption and bulk-size issues that limit sustainable operation. Here, we present a multi-mode stretchable and wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (msw-TENG) for biomechanical energy harvesting and physiological functions sensing. The msw-TENG fabricated by a liquid metal and silicone achieves stretchable and highly conductive characteristics at the same time, and realizes conformal contact with skin. The msw-TENG mainly includes contact separation/stretch/press modes, which can be randomly transformed according to the actual applications. The device converts the biomechanical energy of limb movement into electrical energy for directly lighting up commercial LEDs. Additionally, the radial artery pulse signal, joint bending angle and limb stability can be detected in real-time. As a multifunctional biomedical active sensor that is exempt from needing an extra power source, the proposed msw-TENG holds great potentials in the future of exercise monitoring and rehabilitation therapy.
查看更多>>摘要：The electricity market from renewable energies is strongly driven by the pursuit of high energy conversion efficiency, which at present represents the most effective pathway to achieve substantial cost reductions. Silicon (Si) have been dominating the photovoltaic industry for decades, while the conversion efficiencies of Si single junction solar cells are practically limited to around 27%, and intrinsically constrained to 29.4%. To tackle this long-term bottleneck, it is necessary to develop novel technologies and transfer them into industrial production. This paper commences with a review concentrating on two critical concepts enabling high-efficiency Si-based solar cells: passivating contacts and tandem technologies. Since the gradual evolution from full area Al back surface field cells to passivated emitter and rear contact cells, passivating contacts are considered as an essential concept to circumvent the recombination losses caused by the contacts. The theoretical background of the three prominent technologies for passivating contacts and their application prospects to solar cells are described in detail. The fundamental limit of single junction Si solar cells is attainable with the introduction of passivating contacts. To obtain conversion efficiencies greater than 30%, upgrading Si with a high-bandgap tandem partner is a promising approach to improve the utilization of the solar spectrum, having the potential to produce efficiency surpassing the single junction Shockley-Queisser limit. Si is proven to be an ideal bottom cells material in tandem architectures due to its appropriate bandgap for the lower sub-cell and the advantage of compatibility with existing production lines, the technologies for crystalline Si as bottom-cell are already quite mature with a gigawatt scale. The two widely considered ideal options for the top-cell, i.e., III/V and perovskites, are summarized, respectively. Building on these two concepts, a clear technology route is provided to maximize energy conversion efficiency by integration of passivating contacts into Si based tandem solar cells. According to this discussion, guidelines for further developments of Si photovoltaics emerge clearly, proving that Si will continue to maintain its irreplaceable position in photovoltaics in the long term.
NSTL
Elsevier