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Royal Society of Chemistry
RSC Advances

Royal Society of Chemistry

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    Dysprosium magnesium silicate apatite featuring field and temperature stable slow magnetization relaxation

    Kazin, Pavel E.Zykin, Mikhail A.Trusov, Lev A.Vasiliev, Alexander V....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Dy-Mg silicate Dy8Mg2(SiO4)(6)O-2 has been prepared by high-temperature solid state reaction. It has an apatite type structure (P6(3)/m) with the Dy atoms fully occupying the 6h site and being in random distribution with the Mg atoms at the 4f site. The compound reveals dual magnetization relaxation with widely varying contributions from fast (FR) and slow (SR) relaxation paths controlled by field and temperature. The SR path is stabilized by a strong magnetic field, exhibits a weak dependence of relaxation time tau on field and temperature, and sustains large tau of a few seconds up to a temperature of 40 K and under a field of 50 kOe. The analysis of the electronic structure and comparison with the known Dy-doped phosphate apatites suggests that the Orbach and Raman processes are suppressed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Converting waste textiles into highly effective sorbent materials

    Nasri-Nasrabadi, BijanByrne, Nolene
    4页
    查看更多>>摘要：Activated carbon fibres with a tubular structure and exfoliated surface were produced utilizing cotton textile waste as the precursor. The synthesized carbon fibres were freeze dried resulting in a tubular structure and large pore size distribution. The absorption properties against various oils and organic solvents were accessed, these fibres showed some of the highest absorption capabilities reported for cellulose based carbons, in particular for olive oil, gasoline and chloroform.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Synthesis and modification of ZIF-8 and its application in drug delivery and tumor therapy

    Wang, QiuxiangSun, YueLi, ShangfeiZhang, Pingping...
    21页
    查看更多>>摘要：Metal-organic frameworks have the properties of high porosity, variable pore sizes, and easy modification as drug delivery systems. In particular, ZIF-8 based on Zn2+ has been extensively studied in the medical field due to its low toxicity and good biocompatibility. This review introduces the preparation and functional modification of ZIF-8, and its application in drug delivery, focusing on the single-stimulus and multi-stimulus response release of drugs in ZIF-8 materials, the integrated role of diagnosis and treatment with ZIF-8 in cancer treatment, and its application in the synergistic therapy of multiple cancer treatment methods. We summarize the latest developments of ZIF-8 in the field of drug delivery and tumor therapy, and present the main challenges that remain to be resolved in the ZIF-8 drug delivery system.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Optical and dielectric characteristics of polyethylene oxide/sodium alginate-modified gold nanocomposites

    Farea, M. O.Abdelghany, A. M.Oraby, A. H.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Films of polyethylene oxide and sodium alginate polymer blend (50/50 wt%) embedded with different quantities of Au nanoparticles with size 3-32 nm were made using the casting process. The nanocomposite films were examined by XRD analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, TEM, UV/vis spectroscopy, and AC conductivity and dielectric parameter measurements. The XRD spectra revealed the amorphous nature of the prepared films (PEO/SA-Au NPs). From the Fourier transform infrared spectra it can be seem that the intensity of the FT-IR bands decreased which depicted the existence of the interaction between (PEO/SA) virgin polymer and gold nanoparticles. The TEM micrographs showed a cubic-structure for Au NPs with an average size of 15-20 nm. The optical properties of the polymer composite were examined by ultraviolet-visible techniques. In a direct transition the optical energy gap (E-g) of the prepared films is decreased from 4.73 to 2.92 eV and in an indirect transition decreased from 2.95 to 1.50 eV. The dielectric and electrical spectra of the obtained films were examined via dielectric broad-band spectroscopy. The electrical and dielectric measurements are appropriate for the use of the polymer nanocomposite films in the fabrication of electroactive materials.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Electrochemical performance of activated carbon fiber with hydrogen bond-induced high sulfur/nitrogen doping

    Ruan, ChaohuiXie, Yibing
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：The sulfur/nitrogen co-doped activated carbon fiber (S/N-ACF) is prepared by the thermal treatment of thiourea-bonded hydroxyl-rich carbon fiber, which can bond the decomposition products of thiourea through hydrogen bond interaction to avoid the significant loss of sulfur and nitrogen sources during the thermal treatment process. The sulfur/nitrogen co-doped carbon fiber (S/N-CF) is prepared by the thermal treatment of thiourea-adsorbed carbon fiber. The doping degree of the carbon fiber is improved by reasonable strategy. S/N-ACF shows a higher amount of S/N doping (4.56 at% N and 3.16 at% S) than S/N-CF (1.25 at% N and 0.61 at% S). S/N-ACF with high S/N doping level involves highly active sites to improve the capacitive performance, and high delocalization electron to improve the conductivity and rate capability when compared with the normal S/N co-doped carbon fiber (S/N-CF). Accordingly, the specific capacitance increases from 1196 mF cm(-2) for S/N-CF to 2704 mF cm(-2) for S/N-ACF at 1 mA cm(-2). The all-solid-state flexible S/N-ACF supercapacitor achieves 184.7 mu W h cm(-2) at 350 mu W cm(-2). The results suggest that S/N-ACF has potential application as a CF-based supercapacitor electrode material.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Preoxidation-assisted nitrogen enrichment strategy to decorate porous carbon spheres for catalytic adsorption/oxidation of methyl mercaptan

    Zhang, ChangmingWang, YaqiZhang, XiaochaoWang, Rongxian...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Porous carbon spheres with high surface area and microporous structure were synthesized from alkyl phenols and formaldehyde via suspension polymerization and steam activation. The effects of air oxidation and ammonia solution heat treatment on the pore structure and surface chemistry of the carbon spheres were studied for catalytic oxidation of CH3SH. The structure property and surface chemistry of the obtained carbon spheres were characterized by N-2 adsorption-desorption, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, XRD, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Boehm titration, and then thermal analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were applied to investigate the catalytic oxidation product. Results show that the as-prepared microporous carbon spheres through direct ammonia treatment have a high surface area value of 1710 m(2) g(-1) and a total pore volume of 0.83 cm(3) g(-1). Moreover, the preoxidation-assisted nitrogen enrichment strategy not only increases the surface area and total pore volume of the carbon spheres, but also introduces more active nitrogen species such as pyridinic nitrogen and quaternary nitrogen, leading to the highest nitrogen content of 7.13 wt% and the highest CH3SH capacity of 622.8 mg g(-1) due to the pyridinic nitrogen and quaternary nitrogen as function of catalysts. In addition, water and oxygen have a beneficial effect on CH3SH oxidation over the nitrogen modified carbon spheres, and the basic oxidation product is CH3SSCH3 that can be further oxidized into CH3SO2SCH3 according to DTG and GC/MS analysis. The great recycling stability after ten cycles with a reserved CH3SH capacity of 97% demonstrates that the porous carbon spheres obtained by preoxidation-assisted enriched nitrogen strategy are promising for catalytic oxidation of CH3SH.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Fabrication of ideally ordered TiO2 through-hole membranes by two-layer anodization

    Hirose, HarutoYanagishita, TakashiKondo, ToshiakiSchmuki, Patrik...
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ideally ordered TiO2 through-hole membranes were obtained by a combination of Ti substrate pre-patterning and two-layer anodization. The Ti substrate was pre-patterned by Ar ion milling using ideally ordered porous alumina as an etching mask. Each concave pit formed by dry etching acted as an initiation site for hole development during anodization, and ideally ordered anodic porous TiO2 was produced by anodization using an electrolyte containing fluoride ions. Two-layered anodic porous TiO2 samples with different solubilities were formed by heat treatment for the crystallization of the first anodized oxide layer and a subsequent second anodization. The selective dissolution of the lower part of the two-layered porous TiO2 produced an ideally ordered TiO2 through-hole membrane. Using the present process, the repeated preparation of ideally ordered TiO2 membranes can be conducted because the ideally ordered concave array, which corresponds to the hole arrangement at the bottom of the detached TiO2 membrane, is maintained even after detaching the membrane. The obtained samples can be applied to various functional devices, such as photonic crystals and filtration membranes with photocatalytic properties.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Assessing the compatibility of primary human hepatocyte culture within porous silk sponges

    Kukla, David A.Stoppel, Whitney L.Kaplan, David L.Khetani, Salman R....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Donor organ shortages have prompted the development of alternative implantable human liver tissues for patients suffering from end-stage liver failure. Purified silk proteins provide desirable features for generating implantable tissues, including sustainable sourcing from insects/arachnids, biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties and degradation rates, and low immunogenicity upon implantation. While different cell types were previously cultured for weeks within silk-based scaffolds, it remains unclear whether such scaffolds can be used to culture primary human hepatocytes (PHH) isolated from livers. Therefore, here we assessed the compatibility of PHH culture within porous silk scaffolds that enable diffusion of oxygen/nutrients through the pores. We found that incorporation of type I collagen during the fabrication and/or autoclaving of porous silk scaffolds, as opposed to simple adsorption of collagen onto pre-fabricated silk scaffolds, was necessary to enable robust PHH attachment/function. Scaffolds with small pores (73 +/- 25 mu m) promoted larger PHH spheroids and consequently higher PHH functions than large pores (235 +/- 84 mu m) for at least 1 month in culture. Further incorporation of supportive fibroblasts into scaffolds enhanced PHH functions up to 5-fold relative to scaffolds with PHHs alone and 2D co-cultures on plastic. Lastly, encapsulating PHHs within protein hydrogels while housed in the silk scaffold led to higher functions than protein hydrogel-only or silk-only controls. In conclusion, porous silk scaffolds containing extracellular matrix proteins can be used for the culture of PHHs +/- supportive non-parenchymal cells, which can be further built on in the future to create optimized silk-based liver tissue surrogates for cell-based therapy.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Mucilage-capped silver nanoparticles for glucose electrochemical sensing and fuel cell applications

    Khalifa, ZiadZahran, MoustafaA-H Zahran, MagdyAzzem, Magdi Abdel...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：A simple, cost-effective and green mucilage-capped silver nanoparticles (Mucilage-AgNPs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GC) composite was constructed for efficient and facile electrochemical oxidation of glucose for the first time. Mucilage-AgNPs were synthesized through the direct chemical reduction of Ag+ by mucilage extracted from Opuntia ficus-indica. Mucilage-AgNPs were identified and characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and square wave voltammetry. Modification of the GC with AgNPs was carried out via a transfer-sticking technique with an immobilization time of 1 h. The Mucilage-AgNPs/GC composite was studied as a possible anode for glucose oxidation in a biofuel cell. The composite resulted in glucose oxidation with a current density and power density of 85.7 mu A cm(-2) and 25.7 mu W cm(-2), respectively. Glucose sensing using the Mucilage-AgNPs/GC composite was achieved successfully via two pathways: glucose oxidation and AgNP inhibition. The glucose oxidation-based sensor showed a lower detection limit of 0.01 mM and a linear range of 0.01 to 2.2 mM. The AgNPs inhibition-based sensor provides an indirect determination pathway of glucose with a detection limit of 0.1 mM and a linear range of 0.1 to 1.9 mM. AgNP inhibition is a novel pathway that could be used for determining a large number of organic and inorganic molecules. Overall, the Mucilage-AgNPs/GC is considered a pioneering composite for glucose sensing and fuel cell applications.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry

    Surface refined Au-Quercetin nanoconjugate stimulates dermal cell migration: possible implication in wound healing

    Madhyastha, H.Halder, S.Intan, N. QueenMadhyastha, R....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Refining nutraceutical conjugated metal nanoparticles (NPs) and understanding their interactions with the cellular micro-environment is necessary for their application in nanomedicine. In the present experiment, we studied the effect of quercetin functionalized gold nanoparticles ((AuNP)-N-Qur) on skin fibroblast and keratinocyte cell migration. Spherical shaped Au(Qur)NPs of 47 nm in size were formed due to the interaction of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of quercetin with Au atoms as revealed by incremental algorithm-based analysis. (AuNP)-N-Qur containing up to 5 mu g l(-1) of Au with quercetin (5.2 +/- 1.6 ng ml(-1)) was least toxic to fibroblasts. (AuNP)-N-Qur effectively reduced the generation of intracellular ROS (up to 63%) through free-radical scavenging activity. (AuNP)-N-Qur also enhanced the rate of migration of fibroblasts (24 h) and keratinocytes (20 h) in artificially created wounds. The rate of migration of the cells towards the wound edge was in the order of (AuNP)-N-Qur > control > quercetin > AuNP. (AuNP)-N-Qur also significantly increased the expression of TGF beta 1 protein, thereby inducing the downstream SMAD complex (SMAD 2-4). Downregulation of the inhibitory protein SMAD 7 by (AuNP)-N-Qur helped in the nuclear translocation of SMADs 3 and 4. Collectively, the present in vitro study demonstrates the action of (AuNP)-N-Qur on the SMAD family and the interconnected molecular mechanism leading to the cell migration process.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Royal Soc Chemistry